Discussion Assignment 4.1

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���

$%&'%()*+(,-./&0*$&/%1'). 234567895:;<6=>?@69865:;6A;56BC5;464C5;

DE-/FG)./*$%&'%().*HI)&J/%E(.*K*$ D/&J/)L%1*M)&.I)1/%N)

DE-/FG)./*$%&'%().*HI)&J/%E(.*K*$*D/&J/)L%1*M)&.I)1/%N)

OP6=3Q38R6B<C8CS7478

TUVWXYZ[\]̂

B935:_;456>C<̀C8;46C465:;6̀7<a;4567C<̀C8;

b;743<;R6cP683bc;<69d6e744;8a;<46f7<<C;R6;7f:

P;7<6_C5:C865:;6g8C5;R6B575;4h6i56C467̀496Q89_8674

76jRC4f938567C<̀C8;k6f9be7<;R6_C5:6C546̀7<a;6<CS7̀4

C865:;6C8R345<Ph6l9̀C̀86mC8a678R6n;<c6m;̀̀;:;<

d938R;R6B935:_;456>C<̀C8;46986238;6opq6orsoh6i54

t<456uCa:546_;<;6d<9b6?9S;6vC;̀R6C86w7̀̀74659

n934598678R6B786>8598C9q64:9<56:9e46_C5:689x

d<C̀̀464;<SCf;678R6764Cbè;6d7<;645<3f53<;h6y:;

7C<̀C8;6c;a786_C5:698;64Cbè;645<75;aPz6{id6P93

a;56P93<6e744;8a;<465965:;C<6R;45C875C9846_:;865:;P6_7856596a;565:;<;q69865Cb;q67565:;

9̀_;456e944Cc̀;6d7<;4q678R6b7Q;6R7<8643<;65:;P6:7S;676a99R65Cb;6R9C8a6C5q6e;9è;6_C̀̀6uP

P93<67C<̀C8;h|6y:C467ee<97f:6:746c;;865:;6Q;P6596B935:_;45k4643ff;44h6}3<<;85̀Pq6B935:_;45

4;<S;467c9356~�6fC5C;46�C86�o64575;4�6_C5:6so6bC̀̀C9865957̀6e744;8a;<46f7<<C;R6�C86�����678R

_C5:6765957̀69e;<75C8a6<;S;83;69d6�~h�6cC̀̀C98h6B935:_;456C465<7R;R6e3c̀Cf̀P638R;<65:;64Pbc9̀

{?g�|6986A�B�h

�UV��̂

��y:;6t<456b7�9<67C<̀C8;6596uP6764C8à;65Pe;69d67C<f<7d56�O9;C8a6s�s4�

�������������������������  ¡¢£¤¥¦§̈©ª¦«¬­®¤©§̄°±ª¬§²¢£³́¦§µ¶¦¦©¦³£·̧¦·§¹º»»°§¼¢·§½¾́¿§ÀÁÁ§Â°Â°Ã¢¶¾©¢Ä®¶¦±°·¢́º¾°©¬±¢Å

Æ�ÇÈ

=�Ag

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���

$%&'()*+,-)./01+)/2+324()-1)15(+)-267(-3(,,)-+/8(3),9,-(.):2;()2463<;24=)/)>+(?<(4-)@2(+

A+1=+/.)B/,(;)14)4<.B(+)1>)-+2A,)/4;)41-)4<.B(+)1>).23(,)@1:4C

$%&'()*+,-)/2+324()-1)15(+)/)A+1*-D,'/+24=)A+1=+/.)-1)2-,)E.A319((,)F24,-2-<-(;)24)GHIJKC

$%&'()*+,-)./01+)/2+324()-1);(8(31A)/)L(B),2-()/4;)15(+)14324()B11724=C)M4)NOOGP)/B1<-)QO

A(+6(4-)FRNCG)B233214K)1>)2-,)A/,,(4=(+)+(8(4<():/,)=(4(+/-(;)-'+1<=')14324()B11724=,)/-

:::C,1<-':(,-C61.C)S1<-':(,-T,)61,-)A(+)B11724=)82/)-'()M4-(+4(-)2,)/B1<-)RGP)61.A/+(;

-1)/)61,-)A(+)B11724=)-'+1<=')-+/8(3)/=(4-,)1>)RU)-1)RVC

W(9)61.A(-2-28()/;8/4-/=(,X

$%Y1:)ZA(+/-214/3)61,-,)[)\2=')ZA(+/-214/3)E]62(469

$%̂:/+;):24424=)6<,-1.(+),(+826(

$%\<./4)_(,1<+6()A+/6-26(,)[)L1+7)6<3-<+(

ZA(+/-214,)̂4/39,2,)̀)a1.A(-2-28()b2.(4,214,X

S1<-':(,-)63(/+39)'/,)/);2,-246-)/;8/4-/=()61.A/+(;)-1)1-'(+)/2+324(,)24)-'()24;<,-+9)B9

(c(6<-24=)/4)(5(6-28()/4;)(]62(4-)1A(+/-214,),-+/-(=9)-'/-)>1+.,)/4)2.A1+-/4-)A233/+)1>)2-,

18(+/33)61+A1+/-(),-+/-(=9C)d28(4)B(31:)/+(),1.()61.A(-2-28();2.(4,214,)-'/-):233)B(

,-<;2(;)24)-'2,)A/A(+C

GC)ZA(+/-214/3)a1,-,)/4;)E]62(469

NC)a<,-1.(+)S(+826(

JC)E.A319(([Y/B1+)_(3/-214,

QC)&(6'4131=9

eC)ZA(+/-214/3)a1,-,)/4;)E]62(469

>̂-(+)/33P)-'()/2+324()24;<,-+9)18(+/33)2,)24),'/.B3(,C)f<-P)'1:);1(,)S1<-':(,-)̂2+324(,),-/9

A+1*-/B3(g)S1<-':(,-)̂2+324(,)'/,)-'()31:(,-)61,-,)/4;),-+14=(,-)B/3/46(),'((-)24)2-,

24;<,-+9P)/661+;24=)-1)2-,)6'/2+./4)W(33('(+C)&'()-:1)B2==(,-)1A(+/-24=)61,-,)>1+)/49)/2+324(

/+()̀)3/B1+)61,-,)F/AA+1c)QOhK)>1331:(;)B9)><(3)61,-,)F/AA+1c)GVhKC)S1.()1-'(+):/9,)-'/-

S1<-':(,-)2,)/B3()-1)7((A)-'(2+)1A(+/-214/3)61,-,)31:)2,)̀)@924=)A124-D-1DA124-)+1<-(,P

6'11,24=),(614;/+9)F,./33(+K)/2+A1+-,P)6/++924=)614,2,-(4-)/2+6+/>-,P)./24-/2424=)'2=')/2+6+/>-

<-232i/-214P)(461<+/=24=)(D-267(-24=)(-6C

jklmnopqrstuqvlwtxrxlquylz{|}sou}~ �����������

&'()3/B1+)61,-,)>1+)S1<-':(,-)-9A26/339)/661<4-,)>1+)/B1<-)JIh)1>)2-,)1A(+/-24=)61,-,C

�(+'/A,)-'().1,-)6+2-26/3)(3(.(4-)1>)-'(),<66(,,><3)31:D>/+()/2+324()B<,24(,,).1;(3)2,

/6'2(824=),2=42*6/4-39)'2='(+)3/B1+)A+1;<6-282-9C)̂661+;24=)-1)/)+(6(4-)\fS)a/,()S-<;9P

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� $��

%&'()*+%(,-./0.1+%,.%,()+,23&%(,)+-4.05,'1.&1.6+78,9:,-./0.1+,;-<&'(,=>?,&@,.(%,+3A0&5++%

<+0&1B,(&,-1,'1.&1C,-17,.(%,%-0-/5,/-(+%,-/+,D&1%.7+/+7,(&,<+,-(,&/,-<&4+,-4+/-B+,D&3A-/+7

(&,()+,9:,-./0.1+,.17'%(/5E,F)+,0&*G@-/+,D-//.+/,0-<&/,-74-1(-B+,.%,.1,3'D),3&/+,H+I.<0+

*&/J,/'0+%,()-(,-00&*,D/&%%G'(.0.6-(.&1,&@,4./('-005,-00,+3A0&5++%,;+ID+A(,*)+/+,7.%-00&*+7,<5

0.D+1%.1B,-17,%-@+(5,%(-17-/7%CE,:'D),D/&%%G'(.0.6-(.&1,-17,-,0&1BG%(-17.1B,D'0('/+,&@

D&&A+/-(.&1,-3&1B,0-<&/,B/&'A%,(/-1%0-(+,.1(&,0&*+/,'1.(,0-<&/,D&%(%E,K(,:&'()*+%(,.1,L()

M'-/(+/,NOOOP,(&(-0,0-<&/,+IA+1%+,A+/,-4-.0-<0+,%+-(,3.0+,;K:QC,*-%,3&/+,()-1,NR?,<+0&*

()-(,&@,91.(+7,-17,K3+/.D-1P,-17,R=?,0+%%,()-1,9:,K./*-5%E

S-//.+/%,0.J+,:&'()*+%(,)-4+,-,(/+3+17&'%,D&%(,-74-1(-B+,&4+/,1+(*&/J,-./0.1+%,%.3A05

<+D-'%+,()+./,*&/J@&/D+,B+1+/-(+%,3&/+,&'(A'(,A+/,+3A0&5++E,T1,-,%('75,.1,NOO>P,()+

A/&7'D(.4.(5,&@,:&'()*+%(,+3A0&5++%,*-%,&4+/,LR?,).B)+/,()-1,-(,K3+/.D-1,-17,91.(+7P

7+%A.(+,()+,%'<%(-1(.-005,0&1B+/,H.B)(,0+1B()%,-17,0-/B+/,-4+/-B+,-./D/-@(,%.6+,&@,()+%+

1+(*&/J,D-//.+/%E,F)+/+@&/+,<5,.(%,/+0+1(0+%%,A'/%'.(,@&/,0&*+%(,0-<&/,D&%(%P,:&'()*+%(,.%,-<0+

(&,A&%.(.4+05,.3A-D(,.(%,<&((&3,0.1+,/+4+1'+%E

UVWXYZ[\]\

'̂+0,D&%(%,.%,()+,%+D&17G0-/B+%(,+IA+1%+,@&/,-./0.1+%,-@(+/,0-<&/,-17,-DD&'1(%,@&/,-<&'(,>=

A+/D+1(,&@,()+,D-//.+/_%,&A+/-(.1B,D&%(%E,K./0.1+%,()-(,*-1(,(&,A/+4+1(,)'B+,%*.1B%,.1

&A+/-(.1B,+IA+1%+%,-17,<&((&3,0.1+,A/&̀(-<.0.(5,D)&&%+,(&,)+7B+,@'+0,A/.D+%E,T@,-./0.1+%,D-1

D&1(/&0,()+,D&%(,&@,@'+0P,()+5,D-1,3&/+,-DD'/-(+05,+%(.3-(+,<'7B+(%,-17,@&/+D-%(,+-/1.1B%E

a.(),B/&*.1B,D&3A+(.(.&1,-17,-./,(/-4+0,<+D&3.1B,-,D&33&7.(5,<'%.1+%%P,<+.1B,D&3A+(.(.4+

&1,A/.D+,*-%,J+5,(&,-15,-./0.1+_%,%'/4.4-0,-17,%'DD+%%E,T(,<+D-3+,)-/7,(&,A-%%,).B)+/,@'+0

D&%(%,&1,(&,A-%%+1B+/%,<5,/-.%.1B,(.DJ+(,A/.D+%,7'+,(&,()+,).B)05,D&3A+(.(.4+,1-('/+,&@,()+

.17'%(/5E

:&'()*+%(,)-%,<++1,-<0+,(&,%'DD+%%@'005,.3A0+3+1(,.(%,@'+0,)+7B.1B,%(/-(+B5,(&,%-4+,&1,@'+0

+IA+1%+%,.1,-,<.B,*-5,-17,)-%,()+,0-/B+%(,)+7B.1B,A&%.(.&1,-3&1B,&()+/,D-//.+/%E,T1,()+

%+D&17,M'-/(+/,&@,NOORP,:&'()*+%(_%,'1.(,D&%(%,@+00,<5,bER?,7+%A.(+,-,NR?,.1D/+-%+,.1,c+(,@'+0

D&%(%E,d'/.1B,̂.%D-0,5+-/,NOObP,:&'()*+%(,)-7,3'D),0&*+/,@'+0,+IA+1%+,;OEO>N,A+/,K:QC

D&3A-/+7,(&,()+,&()+/,-./0.1+%,*.(),()+,+ID+A(.&1,&@,e+(f0'+,-%,.00'%(/-(+7,.1,+I).<.(,>,<+0&*E

T1,NOORP,=R,A+/,D+1(,&@,()+,-./0.1+_%,@'+0,1++7%,)-%,<++1,)+7B+7,-(,gNh,A+/,<-//+0E,a&/07,&.0

A/.D+%,.1,K'B'%(,NOOR,/+-D)+7,gh=,A+/,<-//+0E,T1,()+,%+D&17,M'-/(+/,&@,NOOR,-0&1+P

:&'()*+%(,-D).+4+7,@'+0,%-4.1B%,&@,g>ih,3.00.&1E,F)+,%(-(+,&@,()+,.17'%(/5,-0%&,%'BB+%(%,()-(

-./0.1+%,()-(,-/+,)+7B+7,)-4+,-,D&3A+(.(.4+,-74-1(-B+,&4+/,()+,1&1G)+7B.1B,-./0.1+%E

:&'()*+%(,-11&'1D+7,.1,NOOb,()-(,.(,*&'07,-77,A+/@&/3-1D+G+1)-1D.1B,f0+17+7,a.1B0+(%

(&,.(%,D'//+1(,-17,@'('/+,H++(,&@,f&+.1B,jbjGjOO_%E,F)+,4.%'-005,7.%(.1D(.4+,a.1B0+(%,*.00

.3A/&4+,A+/@&/3-1D+,<5,+I(+17.1B,()+,-./A0-1+_%,/-1B+P,%-4.1B,@'+0P,0&*+/.1B,+1B.1+

3-.1(+1-1D+,D&%(%P,-17,/+7'D.1B,(-J+&k,1&.%+E

l[mn]o][ol[mn]YpWqrmsW

tuvvwvxyz{vz|}~���|�w|���� �������������������������������������������������� ���¡¢�£�¤¥¥�¦�¦�§��¢��̈���������¢�����©

ª}«¬

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� $��

%&'()*+,(-&.+/0(+,-1(,-213)(-.&14(5(&5.&14(-,+/617+-(&-809181:+-1(,-&.+/0(1&40;-+<71+47=

04>-,(0=-7&,(5+?+7(16+@-A&,(-&B-1(,-213)(,-0/+-,)&/(-)0';,-06+/03143-0C&'(-DEF-81;+,@-G(-',+,

()+-,(/0(+3=-(&-H++.-1(,-213)(,-14-()+-01/-8&/+-&B(+4-04>-()+/+B&/+-07)1+6+-C+((+/-70.071(=

'(1;1:0(1&4@

IJKLMNOPQRSTPULPVW

%&'()*+,(-21+,-(&-,+7&4>0/=X,80;;+/-01/.&/(,-14-04-+?&/(-(&-/+>'7+-(/06+;->+;0=,-04>

()+/+B&/+-./&61>+-+97+;;+4(-,+/617+-(&-1(,-7',(&8+/,@-G(-)0,-;+>-()+-14>',(/=-14-&45(18+

.+/B&/8047+@-%&'()*+,(-)0,-0;,&-C++4-0C;+-(&-(/18->&*4-1(,-01/.&/(-&.+/0(1&4,-7&,(,

/+;0(16+;=-C+((+/-()04-1(,-/160;-01/;14+,@

YLMWTWVJMVROTPKPOZV

[(-()+-)+0/(-&B-%&'()*+,(\,-,'77+,,-1,-1(,-,143;+-01/7/0B(-,(/0(+3=]-G(,-2++(-7&4,1,(,-+97;',16+;=

&B-̂&+143-_̀_-a+(,@-b06143-7&88&4-2++(-,1341c704(;=-,18.;1c+,-,7)+>';143d-&.+/0(1&4,-04>

213)(-8014(+4047+@-e)+-(/014143-7&,(,-B&/-.1;&(,d-3/&'4>-7/+*-04>-8+7)0417,-0/+-;&*+/d

C+70',+-()+/+\,-&4;=-0-,143;+-01/7/0B(-(&-;+0/4@-f'/7)0,143d-./&61,1&4143d-04>-&()+/

&.+/0(1&4,-0/+-0;,&-60,(;=-,18.;1c+>d-()+/+C=-;&*+/143-7&,(,@-g&4,1,(+4(-01/7/0B(,-0;,&

+40C;+,-%&'()*+,(-(&-'(1;1:+-1(,-.1;&(-7/+*-8&/+-+<71+4(;=@

hijTKkJVTMl

e)+-1>+0-&B-(17H+(;+,,-(/06+;-*0,-0-80a&/-0>604(03+-(&-%&'()*+,(-C+70',+-1(-7&';>-;&*+/-1(,

>1,(/1C'(1&4-7&,(,@-%&'()*+,(-C+708+-+;+7(/&417-&/-(17H+(;+,,-C07H-14-()+-81>5mEEF,d-04>

(&>0=-()+=-0/+-0C&'(-EF5EDn-(17H+(;+,,@-g',(&8+/,-*)&-',+-7/+>1(-70/>,-0/+-+;131C;+-B&/

&4;14+-(/04,07(1&4,d-04>-(&>0=-%&'()*+,(@7&8-C&&H143,-077&'4(-B&/-0C&'(-oDn-&B-(&(0;

/+6+4'+@-e)+-gpq-r0/=-s+;;=-()14H,-()0(-()1,-1>+0-*&';>-3/&*-B'/()+/-04>-()0(-)+-*&';>4\(

C+-,'/./1,+>-1B-+5(17H+(143-077&'4(+>-B&/-_Dn-&B-%&'()*+,(\,-/+6+4'+,-C=-+4>-&B-tFFD@-G4-()+

.0,(d-*)+4-()+/+-*0,-0-mFn-(/06+;-03+47=-7&881,,1&4-.01>d-1(-',+>-(&-7&,(-0C&'(-uv-0

C&&H143@-̂'(-7'//+4(;=d-%&'()*+,(-1,-.0=143-C+(*++4-DF-7+4(,-04>-um-.+/-C&&H143-B&/

+;+7(/&417-(/04,07(1&4,-()0(-(/04,;0(+-(&-)'3+-7&,(-,06143,@

wxyz{|}~���y���y���~�y��}���~�� %&'()*+,(-)0,-C++4-)13);=-/+30/>+>-B&/-1(,-144&60(16+-80403+8+4(-,(=;+@-G(-8014(014,-0

/+;+4(;+,,-B&7',-&4-)13)5.+/B&/8047+-/+;0(1&4,)1.,-04>-1(,-.+&.;+580403+8+4(-./07(17+,

)06+-C++4-()+-H+=-(&-1(,-'4.0/0;;+;+>-,'77+,,-14-()+-01/;14+-14>',(/=@

�TWWTLMRIVOVJ�JMV

e&-q'/-p8.;&=++,-��+-0/+-7&881((+>-(&-./&61>+-&'/-p8.;&=++,-0-,(0C;+-*&/H-+461/&48+4(

*1()-+�'0;-&..&/('41(=-B&/-;+0/4143-04>-.+/,&40;-3/&*()@-g/+0(161(=-04>-144&60(1&4-0/+

+47&'/03+>-B&/-18./&6143-()+-+?+7(16+4+,,-&B-%&'()*+,(-[1/;14+,@-[C&6+-0;;d-p8.;&=++,-*1;;

C+-./&61>+>-()+-,08+-7&47+/4d-/+,.+7(d-04>-70/143-0((1('>+-*1()14-()+-&/3041:0(1&4-()0(

()+=-0/+-+9.+7(+>-(&-,)0/+-+9(+/40;;=-*1()-+6+/=-%&'()*+,(-g',(&8+/@�

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� $��

%&'()*+,&-'.,(/0..0*1(.,2,'/'1,(.&*-.(,&2,(,&'(3*/4215(&2.(2(.,6*17(3*//0,/'1,(,*(0,.

'/48*5''.9(%&'(3*/4215(2:*6;.(,&'(.2/'(6'.4'3,(,*(0,.('/48*5''.(,&2,(0.(46*<0;';(,*(0,.

3+.,*/'6.9(%&'()*+,&-'.,(/0..0*1(.,2,'/'1,(0.(+10=+'(01(,&2,(0,(6'3*710>'.(,&'(0/4*6,213'

*?(0,.('/48*5''.(-0,&01(,&'(@6*2;'6(@+.01'..(.,62,'75A(-&03&('/4&2.0>'.(.+4'6@(3+.,*/'6

.'6<03'(21;(*4'62,0*128('B30'1359(%&'('/48*5''.(6'3046*32,'(,&'(6'.4'3,A(8*528,5(21;(,6+.,

,&2,()*+,&-'.,(;'/*1.,62,'.9()*+,&-'.,('/48*5''.(26'(C1*-1(?*6(,&'06(8*528,5A(;';032,0*1A

2,,0,+;'(21;(011*<2,0*19(%&'('/48*5''.(26'(,&'(;0.,017+0.&017(?23,*6(@',-''1()*+,&-'.,

21;(,&'(6'.,(*?(,&'(206801'(01;+.,659

DEFEGH

)*+,&-'.,(&06017(4*8035(0.(+10=+'(1*,(*185(-0,&01(,&'(206801'(01;+.,65A(@+,(28.*(/*6'(@6*2;85A

21;(6'<*8<'.(26*+1;(I1;017(4'*48'(-0,&(,&'(607&,(2,,0,+;'(,&2,(-088(,&60<'(01(,&'()*+,&-'.,

3+8,+6'9(JK,'1.0<'(46*3';+6'.(26'('/48*5';(,*(&06'(?*6(4*.0,0<'(2,,0,+;'(21;(;';032,0*19

%&*.'(-&*(;*(1*,(4*..'.(,&*.'(=+280,0'.(26'(-'';';(*+,9(L*88''1(M266',,A(2(1*1N*4'62,0*128

*B3'6(2,()*+,&-'.,A(.,2,'.(,&2,

OP06017(0.(360,0328A(@'32+.'(5*+(3211*,(01.,0,+,0*1280>'(@'&2<0*69(Q1.,'2;A(5*+(/+.,(0;'1,0?5

,&*.'(4'*48'(-&*(286'2;5(4623,03'(,&'(@'&2<0*6.(5*+(26'(8**C017(?*69(%&'1(5*+(321(288*-

J/48*5''.(,*(@'(,&'/.'8<'.(21;(/2C'(;'30.0*1.(2@*+,(L+.,*/'6(.'6<03'(@2.';(*1

3*//*1(.'1.'(21;(,&'06(12,+628(0138012,0*1.9R(S

T'36+0,017(21;(01,'6<0'-017(2,()*+,&-'.,(0.(2(,-*N.,'4(46*3'..9(%&'(I6.,(.,'4(0.(2(76*+4

01,'6<0'-A(3*1;+3,';(@5('/48*5''.A(-&'6'(3*//+1032,0*1(.C088.(*?(4*,'1,028(321;0;2,'.(26'

'<28+2,';9(%&'(1'K,(.,'4.(01(,&0.(46*3'..(26'(*1'(*1(*1'(01,'6<0'-A(-&'6'(,&'(321;0;2,'.U

2,,0,+;'.(21;(*60'1,2,0*1(,*-26;(.'6<017(*,&'6.(26'('<28+2,';9(%&'.'(&06017(360,'602(24485(,*

288(V*@(?+13,0*1.(.013'(288(J/48*5''.(2,()*+,&-'.,(4825(2(3+.,*/'6(.'6<03'(6*8'9(W(360,0328

426,(*?()*+,&-'.,(*4'62,0*128(.,62,'75(0.(,&2,('<'65(V*@(2,()*+,&-'.,(0.(2(3+.,*/'6(.'6<03'

4*.0,0*1A(-&',&'6(0,(;06'3,85(24480'.(,*(,&'(3+.,*/'6(*6(-&',&'6(0,(0.(01,'61289

%&'(,2@8'(@'8*-(.&*-.(,&2,('<'1(,&*+7&()*+,&-'.,(0.(,&'(/*.,(&'2<085(+10*10>';(206801'A(2,

2446*K0/2,'85(XYZA(,&2,(3*1,623,(1'7*,02,0*1.(@',-''1(,&'(+10*1.(21;()*+,&-'.,(26'

/+3&(.&*6,'6(01(;+62,0*1(,&21(*?(,&'(*,&'6(/2V*6(32660'6.9(%&0.(.&*-.(,&'(=+280,5(*?

6'82,0*1.&04(,&2,()*+,&-'.,(&2.(-0,&(0,.('/48*5''.(21;(-0,&(,&'(+10*1.(,&2,(6'46'.'1,

,&'/9

[\]̂\F_

)*+,&-'.,(-2.(36'2,';(2.(2(;0:'6'1,(C01;(*?(3*/4215(21;(?6*/(0,.(@'7011017.(2(+10=+'

3+8,+6'(-2.(1+6,+6';9(Q1(S̀ Ỳ(L*88''1(M266',,(?*6/';(,&'()*+,&-'.,(L+8,+6'(L*//0,,''9

%&0.(0.(+10=+'(-0,&01(,&'(01;+.,65(21;(2/*17(288(8267'(3*/4210'.9(%&'(3*//0,,''(28.*(&2.(2

/0..0*1(.,2,'/'1,a

O%&0.(76*+4U.(7*28(0.(,*(&'84(36'2,'(,&'()*+,&-'.,(.4060,(21;(3+8,+6'(-&'6'(1'';';b(,*('1603&

0,(21;(/2C'(0,(@',,'6(-&'6'(0,(286'2;5('K0.,.b(21;(,*(80<'1(0,(+4(01(4823'.(-&'6'(0,(/07&,(@'

Oc*+1;'6017R9(Q1(.&*6,A(,&0.(76*+4U.(7*28(0.(,*(;*(O-&2,'<'6(0,(,2C'.R(,*(36'2,'A('1&213'A(21;

'1603&(,&'(.4'3028()*+,&-'.,(.4060,(21;(3+8,+6'(,&2,(&2.(/2;'(,&0.(.+3&(2(-*1;'6?+8

L*/4215de2/0859R

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� $��

%&'()'&*()'+,(-+.'/0012/3*'&2'3240/,5'6/7+.)'&*/&'*/)'31./&.8'/'3+7&+1.'&*/&'8(9.1.,&(/&.)

(&).7:':124'2&*.1);'<2+&*=.)&>)'3+7&+1.'()'&*.'1./)2,'=*5'(&'()')+33.)):+7;

?@ABCDEFGHIAJHIKLMH

N*.'O())(2,'2:'<2+&*=.)&'P(17(,.)'N*.'4())(2,'2:'<2+&*=.)&'P(17(,.)'()'8.8(3/&(2,'&2'&*.

*(Q*.)&'-+/7(&5'2:'R+)&24.1'<.16(3.'8.7(6.1.8'=(&*'/').,).'2:'=/14&*S':1(.,87(,.))S

(,8(6(8+/7'01(8.S'/,8'R240/,5'<0(1(&;

TUUVWXYZ

[.1\'].77.*.1S':2+,8.1'2:'<2+&*=.)&S'*/)'\..,'-+2&.8'/)')/5(,Q'&*/&'̂_.>1.'(,'&*.

R+)&24.1').16(3.'\+)(,.))̀'=.'a+)&'*/00.,'&2'0126(8.'/(17(,.'&1/,)021&/&(2,b;c'P=/18

=(,,(,Q'3+)&24.1').16(3.'()'/'8()&(,Q+()*(,Q'3*/1/3&.1()&(3'2:'<2+&*=.)&'/,8'(&'()'1.:.11.8'&2

(,&.1,/775'/)'̂d2)(&(6.75'e+&1/Q.2+)'<.16(3.b;'%&'4./,)'&*/&':124'&*.'&20'&2'\2&&24'.6.152,.

82.)'=*/&.6.1'*.'21')*.'3/,'&2')/&():5'&*.'3+)&24.1;'N*()'(,37+8.)'[.1\'].77.*.1S'=*2'*/)

\..,'f,2=,':21'*.70(,Q'2+&'\/QQ/Q.'*/,87.1)'2,'N*/,f)Q(6(,Q;'%&'()'&*12+Q*'.40*/)(g(,Q

&*.'3+)&24.1'/,8'.40725..'&*/&'<2+&*=.)&'()'/\7.'&2'8(9.1.,&(/&.'(&).7:':124'2&*.1)'(,'&*.

/(17(,.'(,8+)&15;'e,'/'421.'&.3*,(3/7'7.6.7S'./3*'.40725..'21'Q12+0'=(&*(,'<2+&*=.)&'*/)

*()'21'*.1'2=,'3+)&24.1;'N*()'4./,)'&*/&'.6.15'.40725..'h).16.)>'(,'2,.'=/5'21'/,2&*.1

8.)0(&.',2&'\.(,Q'8(1.3&75'(,6276.8'=(&*'&*.'0/)).,Q.1;'N*.'4.3*/,(3>)'3+)&24.1'()'&*.'0(72&

/,8'&*.'3/&.1.1>)'()'&*.'i(Q*&'/&&.,8/,&;

jklmnol

%&'3/,'\.')/(8'&*/&'&*.'̂d2)(&(6.75'e+&1/Q.2+)'<.16(3.b'&*/&'()'+,(-+.'&2'<2+&*=.)&'̂()',2&'&*.

1.)+7&'2:'/'8.0/1&4.,&S'21'/'012Q1/4S'21'/'4/,8/&.':124'4/,/Q.4.,&;'%&'()',2&').32,8/15

&2'&*.'0128+3&̀'(&'()'&*.'0128+3&;b'N*()'/0012/3*'31./&.)'&*.'32,8(&(2,)'=*.1.'p40725..)'/1.

421.'7(f.75'&2'&1./&'3+)&24.1)'(,'=/5)'&*/&'8()&(,Q+()*'&*.'3240/,5':124'2&*.1);'N*.1.'/1.

,+4.12+)'/332+,&)'2:'0/)).,Q.1)'=*2'*/6.'1.3.(6.8'.q3.0&(2,/7'&1./&4.,&':124

<2+&*=.)&'.40725..);

N*.'-+.)&(2,'&*/&',..8)'&2'\.'/,)=.1.8'()'*2='<2+&*=.)&>)'3+)&24.1').16(3.'()'8(9.1.,&

/,8'=*5r'%)'(&'32442,':21'3+)&24.1)'2:'2&*.1'/(17(,.)'&2'1/6.'/\2+&'&*.(1')0.3(/7').16(3.r

N*.'/,)=.1'()'&*/&'(&'()',2&;'_*(7.'<2+&*=.)&'82.)',2&'*/6.'/'42,20275'2,'0.207.'=*2'/1.

f(,8'/,8'=*2'/1.'=(77(,Q'&2'Q2'/\26.'/,8'\.52,8'&2')/&():5'/'3+)&24.1S')+3*'\.*/6(21'()

,+1&+1.8'/&'<2+&*=.)&'&2'/'4+3*'Q1./&.1'.q&.,&;

%&'3/,'&*.,'\.'32,37+8.8'&*/&'&*.'3+)&24.1').16(3.'&*/&'()'(,*.1.,&'&2'<2+&*=.)&'()'/'0/1&'2:

(&)'3+7&+1.;'N*()'3+7&+1.'()')+0021&.8'&*12+Q*'.40725..'.,32+1/Q.4.,&'&2'82'&*.'.q&1/'&2

)/&():5'&*.'3+)&24.1;'N*()'/0012/3*'(,)0(1.)'0.207.'=*2'=2+78'218(,/1(75'2,75'2,'233/)(2,

Q2'2+&'2:'&*.(1'=/5'&2'*.70')24.2,.S'&2'\.324.'32,)()&.,&'0.1:214.1)'&*/&'29.1

.q3.0&(2,/7').16(3.'/77'&*.'&(4.;'<2+&*=.)&'.40725..)'/1.'=*/&'8(9.1.,&(/&.'(&)'3+)&24.1

).16(3.':124'&*.'2&*.1'/(17(,.);

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� $��

%&'()*+,-.-/0 123456784934:;:<78947=5>2;2?@9:>9AB>@96B@89429C3;D;;9:489E38:>78892EF7=4:G789B>H9AB:>4B:>9:48

7I=:7>492J7KB4:2>8L9M==2KH:>?9429:489NOPQ947=5>2;2?@97R3B;89JK2H3=4:G:4@L9SB3>=57H9:>9TUUVQ

4:=W74;78894KBG7;96B89DK849:>4K2H3=7H9E@9123456784L9P>9XB@9T849YZZZQ91234567849M:K;:>78

:>4K2H3=789[1\M]̂_Q̀9B9J2K4B;945B49B88:8489=2AJB>@94KBG7;9AB>B?7K89:>9E22W:>?9B>H94KB=W:>?

4K:J89ABH7945K23?59:48967E98:479666L823456784L=2AL9a57K79BK79AB>@9>76947=5>2;2?@

:>:4:B4:G789E7:>?93>H7K4BW7>9=3KK7>4;@9B>H982A79BK79:>94579J:J7;:>7L

bcdefghijeklebgcdhklmencjjij

1234567849M:K;:>7895B89:>G7847H9oTY9A:;;:2>9H3K:>?94579JB84945K779@7BK8942984B>HBKH:<7

=2KJ2KB479B>H947KA:>B;92J7KB4:2>892>9BE2349TZQZZZ9p7;;9PJ4:q;7r9H78W42J9B>H9SB4:43H7

>247E22W9=2AJ347K89B==2KH:>?9429:489=2AJB>@97r7=34:G78L912345678496B>47H9429K7J;B=79:48

67;;9W>26>Q9EK:?54;@9=2;2K7H9J;B84:=9E2BKH:>?9JB887896:459B>97;7=4K2>:=98@847A96:459EBKs

=2H79JBJ7K9E2BKH:>?9JB8878L9129:49:>84B;;7H9BE2349tuZ9423=598=K77>94:=W749K7BH7K89J267K7H

E@9p7;;9PJ4:q;7r9H78W42J8L9a579EBK9=2H79?:G7891234567849A2K79:>C2KAB4:2>9429B342AB4:=B;;@

K7=2>=:;794579>3AE7K92C9E2BKH:>?9JB887896:4594579>3AE7K92C9JB887>?7K8945B49B=43B;;@

E2BKH94579J;B>7L

M;4523?59457947=5>2;2?@96:;;957;J91234567849M:K;:>789K7AB:>97I=:7>49E@9=2>82;:HB4:>?

JB887>?7K9:>C2KAB4:2>9C2K94579=2AJB>@v89tQZZZ9HB:;@9w:?548Q9457K7967K79=2>=7K>89:49=23;H

;7>?457>945794:A79429?7494KBG7;7K892>9E2BKHL9x267G7K9:496B89C23>H945B498=B>>:>?97B=59EBK

=2H792>94579E2BKH:>?9JB88789H:H>v49:>=K7B8792K9852K47>9E2BKH:>?98=57H3;78Q9E349:49H:H94BW7

A:>34789CK2A9BHA:>:84KB4:G79JK2=78878Q983=59B89;22W:>?93J9=3842A7K9K7=2KH8L9a579>76

JBJ7K9EBK9=2H798@847A9:89?:G:>?912345678494:=W749B?7>4894579BE:;:4@9429AB4=59B9=3842A7K

K7=2KH96:45:>95BG:>?94298=K2;;945K23?59B>H9;2?9:>429A3;4:J;7982C46BK798=K77>8L9a579JK2=7889:8

A3=59A2K79B342AB47HL9P>=794579EBK9=2H792>94579E2BKH:>?9JB889:898=B>>7H9B49457947KA:>B;

?B479:49=57=W892y94579J7K82>9CK2A94579JB887>?7K9;:849:>9K7B;94:A7L

a5792;H9JK2=78896B89AB>3B;945B49:>G2;G7H9D>H:>?94579:>C2KAB4:2>Q98=K2;;:>?945K23?5987G7KB;

82C46BK798=K77>89CK2A9K787KGB4:2>89429=57=Ws:>9429E2BKH:>?L9a579EBK9=2H795BKH6BK794298=B>

4579E2BKH:>?9JB887895B89E77>9H7J;2@7HL9a579=2AJB>@9:89:>94579JK2=78892C9K7J;B=:>?

=3842A7K987KG:=79EB=Ws2I=797R3:JA7>49B49B:KJ2K489:>=;3H:>?9B49:48957BHR3BK47K89:>9pB;;B8L

zg{|}cdie~�mdchij

12C46BK79BJJ;:=B4:2>8Q983=59B89452879387H9E@9=;7KW89429=57=W9:>9JB887>?7K8Q9BK79E7:>?

K7J;B=7HL91234567849M:K;:>78v9:>47K>B;;@96K:447>9[M:KJ2K49MJJ;:=B4:2>913:47̀9:897rJ7=47H942

K2;;2349>7r49@7BK9B894579=2AJB>@94KB>8:4:2>89CK2A9?K77>98=K77>89429\:>H26sEB87H9387K

:>47KCB=7L91:A:;BK9429\B;sXBK49142K789̂>=LQ91234567849M:K;:>789E7;:7G789:>9H7G7;2J:>?9:>s52387

457982C46BK7945B49K3>89:4892J7KB4:2>8L9a579=2AJB>@938789G7K@9;:44;792ys457s857;C982C46BK7L

a57K79BK79E74677>9�u9B>H9TZZ9JK2F7=489:>9457962KW897B=59@7BK983JJ2K47H9E@9BJJK2r:AB47;@

UZZ9̂a97AJ;2@778L

����

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���

$%&'()*+,-.,/01)'&,/2'30%2'(/)2,04/(5(617)%)*%8(+%95,)%52,+/%2'8,)2()9%+:0(&'/6)*(+)5.66%6,

'&,/2'30%2'(/7)';)%5;()(/)<(.24=,;2>;)+%&%+?)@2)A5%/;)2()2,;2)$B@C)2,04/(5(61);(D,2'D,)'/

EFFG?)H8,/)24(.647)<(.24=,;2)';)A5%1'/6)%)5'225,)0%204:.A)='24)(24,+)%'+5'/,;);.04)%;)I'+)J+%/7

I5%;K%)%/&)L4%DA'(/)I'+5'/,;7)'/)D%/1)0%;,;)24,1)%+,)%95,)5,%A*+(6)2()D(+,);(A4';2'0%2,&

%AA5'0%2'(/;),%;'51)4%8'/6)=%'2,&)5(/6,+?

MNOPPQRSQTU

<(.24=,;2)4%;),D,+6,&)8,+1);.00,;;*.57)&,;A'2,)24,)D(;2)2+(.95,&)2'D,;)'/)24,)%'+5'/,

D%+K,2?)V(=,8,+7)'2)*%0,;)/,=)04%55,/6,;)'/)24,)*%0,)(*)'/0+,%;'/6)0(DA,2'2'(/)*+(D)(24,+

5(=)*%+,)%'+5'/,;);.04)%;)W,2X5.,7)IJI)%'+5'/,;7)ID,+'0%)Y,;2?

ZQTQ[\Q]̂_QÒaRS

C.,)2()'/0+,%;'/6);,0.+'21)6.'&,5'/,;);'/0,)<,A2,D9,+)EFFb7)<(.24=,;2)=(.5&)/,,&)2(

A+,A%+,)*(+)%;;'6/,&)c+,;,+8,&d);,%2'/6)2()2+%0K)'2;)'/:e'642)A%;;,/6,+;?)J4';)04%/6,)='55

'/8(58,)5%+6,)2,04/(5(61)'/8,;2D,/2;)%/&)D%1)'DA%02)'2;)6%2,)(A,+%2'(/;)/,6%2'8,51);'/0,

24,)0.++,/2)=%1)(*)./%;;'6/,&);,%2'/6)4%;)4,5A,&)'/)-.'0K)6%2,)2.+/%+(./&;?

fOTTQRSQ[̂gQhOR]

J4,)K,,A:'2:;'DA5,)A4'5(;(A41)4%;);,+8,&)<(.24=,;2)=,55?)X.2)%;)'2;)(=/)9.;'/,;;)6+(=;

%/&)6+(=;)D(+,)0(DA5,i7)='24)A5%/;)2()A.+04%;,)&(j,/;)(*)/,=)%'+0+%*2)%/&)%/),iA,02,&

.A;.+6,)'/)A%;;,/6,+)2+%k0)2()%9(.2)lF)D'55'(/)9(%+&'/6>;)%)1,%+7)24,);'DA5'0'21);2+%2,61

24%2)4%;)9,,/)+,e,02,&)'/)24,)%'+5'/,>;)@J)A4'5(;(A41)';),8(58'/6?)J4,)L@m)J(D)n,%5(/);%1;

24%2)o@2>;)2'D,)2()%&%A2)(.+)9.;'/,;;)A+(0,;;,;)*(+),k0',/01?)I;)(.+)%'+5'/,);0%5,;)*(+).;)2(

A+(8'&,)24,);%D,)K'/&)(*)4'64:2(.04)0.;2(D,+);,+8'0,7)=,)4%8,)2()%.2(D%2,)%)5(2)(*)24'/6;

=,>8,)9,,/)%95,)2()&()='24(.2)2,04/(5(61)A+,8'(.;51?)J4,)04%55,/6,)';)&('/6)24%2)='24(.2

0(/0,&'/6)24,)0.;2(D,+)2(.04?p)<(.24=,;2)';)%5;()%66+,;;'8,51)A.+;.'/6)0.;2(D,+

+,5%2'(/;4'A)D%/%6,D,/2)cL$qd)2,04/'-.,;)%/&)4%;)%AA5'0%2'(/;)2()6,2)'/;'642)'/2(

0.;2(D,+>;)=%/2;)%/&)&';5'K,;?)I00(+&'/6)2()%/)'/2,+8',=)='24)'2;)LHm)r%+1)s,55,+7)<(.24=,;2

4%;)'2;)*(0.;)(/)'DA+(8'/6)'/)2=()%+,%;)t)0.;2(D,+>;)%'+A(+2),iA,+',/0,)%/&)'/:e'642

,iA,+',/0,?

uRvwPaSǸ x̂R̀Q[̀OaRhQR̀

@/)%/)(8,+%55),y(+2)2()'DA+(8,)0.;2(D,+>;)'/:e'642),iA,+',/0,7)'/:e'642),/2,+2%'/D,/2)';

;(D,24'/6)24%2)<(.24=,;2)';)0.++,/251),8%5.%2'/6)%/&)=4'04)W,2X5.,)4%;)9,,/)8,+1

;.00,;;*.5)%2)%5+,%&1)9,0%.;,)(*)'2;)'/2+(&.02'(/)'/)'2;)5(/6:4%.5)e'642;?)@/)0(DA%+';(/7

<(.24=,;2)4%;)zb{)%'+A5%/,;)2()0(/;'&,+)%/&)24%2)+,A+,;,/2;)%/)'/8,;2D,/2)&,0';'(/)%2)%

=4(5,)/,=)&'D,/;'(/?)I&&'2'(/%5517)<(.24=,;2)4%;)2()0(/;'&,+)4(=)24'/6;)D%1)32)'/2()24,'+

,/8'+(/D,/2?)I2)24';)A('/27)GF|)(*)'2;);,+8'0,)';);2'55)8,+1);4(+2)4%.5?)<(.24=,;2)/,,&;)2()9,

D'/&*.5)(*)24,)*%02)24%2)%)0,+2%'/)%AA+(%04)24%2)4%;)9,,/);.00,;;*.5)*(+)'2;)0(DA,2'2(+)D%1

/(2)9,)/,0,;;%+'51)=(+K)2()'2;)%&8%/2%6,?

_}hhO[~U

���������� ��� �� �������� ������ ��� ������ �� �������� ��� ������������������ ����� ����

����������� ���� ��!"��#!�� � �� �� ������� ����� ��� � �� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���

$%&'()*+',(-+,.%/0,1**/,2*0-23*3,-+,-,1*/4(5-26,7/,7'+,7/3&+'28,9%2,%:*2-'7%/-.

*;4*..*/4*<,$%&'()*+',=72.7/*+,7+,-,>/*,*;-5:.*,%9,-,4%5:-/8,'(-',7+,4%557''*3,'%,7'+,4%2*

4%5:*'*/47*+,?,*@47*/',%:*2-'7%/+,'%,327A*,7'+,.%),4%+',+'2&4'&2*B,%&'+'-/37/0,3*.7A*28,%9

4&+'%5*2,+*2A74*,-/3,7//%A-'7A*,CD,5-/-0*5*/',:2-4'74*+<,E*,(%:*,'(7+,:-:*2,:2%A73*3,-

0%%3,7/+70(',7/'%,$%&'()*+',%:*2-'7%/+B,-+,:-2',%9,7'+,%A*2-..,+'2-'*08B,'%,-4(7*A*,+&44*++

-/3,0-7/,4%5:*'7'7A*,-3A-/'-0*<

FGHGIGJKGLM

N<,)))<+%&'()*+'<4%5,O$%&'()*+',-72.7/*+,%@47-.,)*1,+7'*P

Q<,R$%&'()*+',6**:+,7',+75:.*S,?,=72,T2-/+:%2',E%2.3B,=:27.,QUUVB,W0,XY

X<,R=2%&/3,'(*,E%2.3,%/,Z[\,O%2,$%P],C%),C70(,̂-/,_7+4%&/',=72.7/*+,̀.8aS,$'2-'*08

b-/-0*5*/',?,c/%).*30*d,E(-2'%/,e*)+.*''*2,f4',VB,QUUV

[<,T*4(E*1,?,('':]gg)))<'*4()*1<4%5g)72*g*17hgNiXYUNQQi

V<,R$%&'()*+'j+,$'2-'*08,9%2,$&44*++],̂%/+%.73-'*kS,?,f2-4.*,b-0-h7/*,O$*:'gf4',QUU[

*37'7%/P,('':]gg)))<%2-4.*<4%5g'*4(/%.%08g%2-5-0g%2-4.*gU[l+*:g%V[+)*+'<('5.

Y<,R$%&'()*+',=72.7/*+],C70(,T*4(B,m%),̂%+'+S,?,n)**6<4%5B,=:27.,QUUV

i<,Ro*',̀&*.,C*307/0,$'2-'*07*+],f:'7%/+,=A-7.-1.*,9%2,=72.7/*+,-/3,-,$&2A*8,%9,p/3&+'28

W2-4'74*+S,?,c*..%00,$4(%%.,%9,b-/-0*5*/',D*+*-24(,W-:*2B,$:27/0,QUU[

\<,E7//7/0,q*(-A7%2],E(-','(*,$5-2'*+'B,b%+',$&44*++9&.,̂%5:-/7*+,_%,_7r*2*/'.8B

T*228,D<,q-4%/,-/3,_-A73,s<,W&0(B,QUUX

t<,T75*,b-0-h7/*B,f4',Q\'(,QUUQ,7++&*B,u%.<,NYU,p++&*,N\B,:<,[V

NU<,RE7/0+,f9,̂(-/0*SBp/9%25-'7%/,E**6B,b-24(,Q\B,QUUVB

NN<,m-1%2,̂%/'2-4',e*0%'7-'7%/+,7/,'(*,=72.7/*,p/3&+'28B,b%/'(.8,m-1%2,D*A7*)B,o&.8,QUUXB

:-0*,Q[

vwxyz{|}~�{����w�{���}�����}� ������������������������������������������� �������¡������¢£¤���

¥¦§̈

=72.7/*,p/3&+'28,=2'74.*+,©,QUN\,