Health comm class projact

Gannon University

Table of Contents

Campaign Goal and Objectives …………………………………………... 2

Situation Analysis: Smoking Facts………………………………………... 2

Situation Analysis: Gannon Environment………………………………… 7

Primary Research…………………………………………………………. 12

Target Audiences…………………………………………………………. 17

Key Messages…………………………………………………………….. 20

Strategies and Tactics……………………………………………………. 20

Evaluation………………………………………………………………… 25

Appendices.................................................................................................... 27

References………………………………………………………………… 35

Goal and Objectives

To reduce smoking of tobacco by all Gannon students and employees as well as prevent smoking initiation.

Objective One: Reduce the number of students who smoke on campus by 35 percent by December, 2018.

Objective Two: 50% of employees who currently smoke will quit by April 2019.

Objective Three: 25% of smokers will have participated in the Smoking Cessation program by September, 2018.

Situation Analysis: Smoking Facts

Important Definitions:

Tobacco: Tobacco is a green, leafy plant that is grown in warm climates. After it is picked, it is dried, ground up, and used in different ways. It can be smoked in a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. It can be chewed (called smokeless tobacco or chewing tobacco) or sniffed through the nose (called snuff).

Nicotine: it is the chemical that makes tobacco addictive or habit forming. Once we smoke, chew, or sniff tobacco, nicotine goes into our bloodstream, and our body wants more. The nicotine in tobacco makes it a drug. This means that when we use tobacco, it changes our body in some way. Nicotine is a stimulant, it speeds up the nervous system, so we feel like we have more energy. It also makes the heart beat faster and raises blood pressure.

E-cigarettes: electronic cigarettes are battery-powered smoking devices often designed to look and feel like regular cigarettes. They use cartridges filled with a liquid into a vapor, which the person inhales. That is why using e-cigarettes is known as “vaping”.

Hookah: a single, multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavored tobacco, or sometimes cannabis, whose vapor or smoke is passed through a water basin- often glass-based-before inhalation.

Smoke-free: an environment in which no people are smoking, or in which smoking is not permitted. The said environment does not emit or contain smoke.

Prevalence of Smoking

Prevalence of cigarette smoking has dropped to 17% nationally. In PA, 22% of adults smoke cigarettes. In Erie County, prevalence of cigarette smoking is higher- 27%. Men are more likely to smoke (32%) compared to females (22%) (Erie county community health needs assessment, 2015).

Higher rates of smoking are associated with lower annual incomes (38% of those who make less than 25K in Erie County) and less education (37% of those with less than a high school education vs 9% of those with a college education in Erie County) (Erie county community health needs assessment, 2015).

According to the Surgeon General’s report of 2012, 24.8% of full-time college students aged 18-22 years old were current smokers in 2010.

The Surgeon General’s report also states that “almost no one starts smoking after age 25. Nearly 9 out of 10 smokers started smoking by age 18, and 99% started by age 26. Progression from occasional to daily smoking almost always occurs by age 26.”

More than two thirds of college smokers smoke infrequently or intermittently (Suftin et al., 2013).

According to the American Lung Association, the most common situation in which young people first try a cigarette is in the company of a friend who already smokes.

Reasons People Smoke:

Data from the Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project shows that youth generally begin smoking because of social norms and social pressure (Sarson et al., 1992).

According to SmokeFreeVet, a partnership between the VA and the National Cancer Institute, many people smoke because it’s a way they have learned to cope with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, negative moods, and the stress of daily life.

Nicotine has been shown to alleviate depression, anxiety, and pain. Smokers report that smoking is a stress reliever and smoke more in response to stress or negative moods (World Health Organization, 2010).

Nicotine suppresses appetite and increases metabolic rate. This can appeal to people interested in weight loss, particularly women and girls. It can also be a deterrent against quitting smoking (World Health Organization, 2010).

Consequences of Smoking:

Smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the US. It is responsible for one out of every five deaths. Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including more than 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure (CDC, 2017).

On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers (CDC, 2017).

Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis (CDC, 2017).

More than 16 million Americans are living with a disease caused by smoking (CDC, 2017).

Smoking also increases risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune system, including rheumatoid arthritis. Smoking is a known cause of erectile dysfunction in males (CDC, 2017).

Secondhand smoke also poses a threat to non-smokers, causing an estimated 46,000 heart disease deaths and 3,400 lung cancer deaths annually in the United States (Smoking-Attributable Mortality, 2008).

Barriers to Quit:

According to the World Health Organization, nicotine is extremely addictive. It is as addictive as heroin and cocaine. All forms of tobacco are addictive because of nicotine but cigarettes are the most efficient delivery system for nicotine.

SmokeFreeVet informs that smokers experience nicotine withdrawal. Symptoms include feeling irritable, having trouble concentrating, having trouble sleeping, and feeling hungry. Smoking relieves these symptoms.

Other information found on SmokeFreeVet suggests that quitting can be difficult because it becomes connected to other daily activities such as watching television, drinking, or hanging out with friends.

According to a 2015 CDC survey on Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults, nearly 7 in 10 (68.0%) adult cigarette smokers wanted to stop smoking and more than 5 in 10 (55.4%) adult cigarette smokers had made a quit attempt in the past year (Jamal et al., 2016).

Existing Programs to Reduce Smoking:

Since 2012, the Tips From Former Smokers campaign has motivated at least 500,000 tobacco smokers to quit for good (CDC, 2017). This is a program with real people who share their stories of suffering from smoking or complications due to exposure to secondhand smoke. There is support and inspiration to quit through social media such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Pinterest.

SmokeFreeVet offers a tool to build a quit plan. The plans asks users to identify why they wish to quit, what their triggers are, why they smoke, suggests environmental changes, and support resources such as apps, live help, phones lines, and the option to invite a “quit” buddy.

Situation Analysis: The Gannon Environment

Gannon University was founded in 1925 located in Erie, Pennsylvania. Gannon’s urban campus is within a two hour drive of Cleveland, Buffalo, and Pittsburgh. Erie is the fourth largest city in the states and located on one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes. With over 90 years of Catholic tradition, Gannon University has been dedicated to providing students a liberal arts education integrated with professional skills and faith-based learning. (GU,2017)

Gannon’s city campus is one square mile- French to Liberty Streets (east to west) and Front to 12th Streets (north to south) all with walkable sidewalks lining city blocks (See Appendix A). In an urban setting, the campus is intermixed with public buildings: Erie City Hall, City of Erie Police Department, Federal and County Courthouses, UPMC Hamot Hospital (helicopter, ambulance, and other emergency vehicle routes), and the Erie Fire Department.

Where the general public is allowed, there will be smoking. Downtown public areas get busy with year-round events such as, RibFest, CelebrateErie, Roar on the Shore, Downtown D’Lights, block parties, demonstrations, parades, and more. Late-night bistros and bars, hotels, restaurants, cultural and sporting events all draw in a general public.

According to the Erie County Department of Health, the City of Erie does not have a smoking policy, rather, it defers to the state policy. The Act 27 of 2008, Clean Indoor Air Act states that, “The Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA) regulates smoking in public places and workplaces across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with the exception of the City of Philadelphia. The CIAA names the Department of Health as the primary Commonwealth agency responsible for implementing the law through education and enforcement of the provisions of the CIAA. Beginning on September 11, 2008, smoking is not allowed in public places or workplaces. The CIAA defines a “public place” as an enclosed area which serves as a workplace, commercial establishment, or an area where the public is invited or permitted.”

The Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA) has a clause that states that, “With the exception of sports or recreational facilities, theater or performance establishments, the outdoor property of business building is not covered by the Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act. The Department of Health recommends that the designated area for smoking be located in an area away from building entrances, windows or openings, and have appropriate containers for ash and cigarette disposal. The CIAA does not provide a required minimum distance. If possible, a distance of 20 feet is recommended.”  

Gannon’s urban campus is emerged in an eclectic community that welcomes people from all different countries, backgrounds, cultures, and ethnicities. The community is full of businesses that reflect the interests and influences of the eclectic group of diverse community members in Erie. For example, a hookah lounge is located in a retail space on 5th and Peach across the street from a Gannon freshman dormitory (See Appendix B). This attractive storefront is decorated with elaborate Middle-Eastern decor making it enticing for students, domestic and international, to go hang out. In a study of Hookah users 80% said hookah is a good way to spend time with friends and 87% felt that hookah was not addicting. (Smith-Simone, 2008) Almost 70% of hookah smokers believe hookah is less dangerous than cigarette smoking (Smith-Simone, 2008). Hookah use in the US is increasing especially among college students (Smith-Simone, 2008).

Erie, Pennsylvania is located in the northwestern Pennsylvania on the southern shore of Lake Erie across from Ontario, Canada. Erie has cold, snowy winters caused by the lake effects from Lake Erie. These harsh weather conditions may have an influence on both smoking behaviors and the proximity of smoking around buildings. It also will affect how far people are willing to walk to a smoking shelter if implemented.

Gannon University is an NCAA Division II PSAC West school. The athletics program brings a number of visitors to campus for athletic events, prospective tours, developmental camps, etc. Many of the reasons for athletic visitation to campus can yield to long drive times and long duration of stay where smokers may find the need to smoke on campus without the knowledge of a policy. (GU, 2017)

Gannon University’s Institutional Research and Assessment confirms the 2016 total student population was 4,343; 3,098 undergraduate students and 1,245 graduate students. This total includes students who live in both on and off-campus housing (between Sassafras and Walnut Streets and 6th to 10th Streets) and commuter students who commute to campus via cars and buses. Cultural differences based on ethnicity could affect smoking habits. The ethnicity breakdown at Gannon University in 2016 was: (GU, 2017)

White

American Indian/Alaskan Native

Asian

Black

Hispanic

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders

Two or more

Unknown

Non-resident alien

Gannon University’s Wellness Rewards indicates a total of 654 full time employees were eligible for Gannon’s health insurance in 2016. Further, 363 were staff and 172 were faculty members. Five percent of GU employees disclosed that they were smokers on the Health Risk Assessment distributed during the Wellness Rewards Program in 2016. Based on statistics from the field, this would account for approximately $174K in additional healthcare costs on an annual basis. (GU, 2017)

Gannon is taking steps to help students with college adjustments in order for them to have a healthy and well-lived student experience. Students have access to my.gannon.edu where they have numerous information and resources available to them 24/7 such as: University Wellness, Student Health Services, and the Recreation and Wellness Center. Wellness is one of Gannon’s 4 pillars and is the universities initiative to create a culture of wellness that fosters a natural adaptation of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Gannon University’s Student Health Services is available to students and employees in the lower level of Harborview. Services offered are: (GU, 2017)

Minor Injury/Illness Healthcare

Blood Pressure Monitoring

Diet Counseling

Flu Vaccine

Health Education Pamphlets

Immunization Records

Referrals to Specialists, Laboratories, X-Ray Department

Self-Care Handbooks

Snellen Vision Test

Wellness Promotion/Programs

Smoking Assistant Program/Referrals

Gannon University’s Smoking Policy is located on my.gannon.edu and the student handbook reads as follows: “The use of any form of tobacco (including smokeless tobacco or blends) is prohibited in University vehicles and buildings including classrooms, auditoriums, conference rooms, dining halls, lobbies, hallways, restrooms, stairwells, entrance doors, residence hall rooms, apartments and offices. The use of any form of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco, E-Cigarettes, and vaping* is restricted to open areas, well away from entrances to or around any University buildings (20-feet no-smoke zone). Any by-products of tobacco usage are to be properly discarded. All university owned housing units are smoke and tobacco free buildings. All smoking must be conducted a minimum of 20 feet from any University housing unit.” (GU, 2017)

According to Gannon University Police and Safety, there are four main areas of campus where they receive the most complaints: outside of Waldron Campus Center, behind Zurn academic building, in front of Zurn academic building, and the top level of the parking ramp next to Palumbo academic building (See Appendix C).

Through this health communication campaign, we will make suggestions to Gannon University students and employees on how to help reduce smoking of tobacco on Gannon’s campus, as well as, encourage smokers within the Gannon community to quit smoking.

Primary Research

We created a survey using the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention in relation to smoking behavior (See Appendix D). We were able to collect 88 responses to our survey. The following are highlights of our data.

Prevalence of Smoking on Gannon’s Campus

Smoking Among Global Students

Smoking in the Past 30 Days

Attitudes Towards Smoking Among Smokers

Statement: Smoking is bad for my health

Perceived Norms Among All Students

Statement: My friends smoke.

Perceived Norms Among Smokers

Statement: My friends smoke.

Perceived Behavioral Control Among Smokers

Statement: I feel confident that I can quit smoking.

Intention to Quit

Statement: I would utilize resources provided by Gannon to quit smoking.

Summary of Primary Research:

The prevalence of smoking among respondents was 10% among all respondents and 25% among Global students although there were only eight Global students who responded to the survey. There were only nine people who reported being current smokers but there were 22 people who reported occasionally smoking in the past 30 days. This could mean that people who occasionally smoke do not consider themselves to be smokers. It’s also likely that the majority of smokers on campus do so occasionally, possibly socially. The data indicates that smokers believe smoking is bad for their health and so attitudes do not contribute to their habit. Smokers on campus also report feeling confident that they can quit smoking meaning that self-efficacy may not affect whether a person quits. Norms is most likely to be the biggest factor in affecting whether someone quits which makes sense since smoking is often a social habit and two thirds of smokers agree that their friends smoke. Among smokers there is not clear intention to quit using Gannon resources.

Target Audiences

Freshmen Students Living on Campus:

The research targeted freshman living on campus because regular smoking is usually established in early adulthood, and studies show that people who begin smoking at an earlier age are less likely to succeed in quitting (Everett et al, 1999). The Gannon University policy does not allow students especially freshman under the age of 21 to live off campus. Therefore, all freshman students under 21 are required to live in the residence halls on campus. According to the information obtained from the undergraduate admissions the age range for undergraduate freshman at Gannon is 17 - 21 years. While 84% of young adult smokers (age 18-24) report having seriously tried to quit, only 8.5% report having successfully quit for 6 months or longer (Messer et al, 2008).

Peer pressure has been shown to play a role in college freshmen students’ smoking habits and perceptions. Peer pressure is more likely to affect freshman students than juniors, sophomores and seniors. Freshman students at Gannon who belong a fraternity such as Alpha Phi Delta, Alpha Phi Delta, Delta Chi, Delta Chi, Delta Sigma Phi, Delta Sigma Phi and many more, are more likely to experience peer pressure from their friends. The more college students think their peers approve of smoking, the more likely they report a higher level of smoking intention. Further, it was found that the perceived approval of “close peers” predicts smoking use most strongly (Paek, 2009). Greeks face a lot of peer pressure given their unique living situations. They are more likely to use alcohol, smoke cigarettes, and have more sexual partners (Scott-Sheldon, et al, 2008).

College students have been shown to consistently believe that more of their peers smoke than actually do so (“Big Tobacco on Campus” 2008). Belonging to a fraternity or sorority (Staten et al, 2007) and participation in intercollegiate sports are also predictors of both smoking and smokeless use (Morrell et al, 2005). Social smoking is a recently identified phenomenon among young adults in which subjects identify that they only smoke in social environments. As a result, they consider themselves to be different from other smokers and often do not describe themselves as being smokers. More than two thirds of college smokers are social smokers (Waters et al, 2006).

International Freshman Students Living in West Hall:

Approximately, a large number of international students at Gannon are tobacco smokers as compared to domestic students. Gannon has a large number of students from Saudi Arabia, India & the Middle East and in most cases student from these countries are tobacco smokers. Based on observation, three in five students from these countries are tobacco smokers or e-cigarettes. More than half of the international freshmen students live in West Hall. Currently, there are more than 90 international students living in West Hall. The study targeted West Hall because it has the largest number of international students especially freshman students.  

As outline above, nicotine has been shown to alleviate depression, anxiety, and pain. Smokers report that smoking is a stress reliever and smoke more in response to stress or negative moods (WHO). Most international students may experience any other factors above because of their condition of being far away from their homes and families. The process of coping up and adjusting to the new environment may also cause stress, anxiety or even pain to some international students. This also explains why most international students are smokers and are unlikely to quit.

Nicotine suppresses appetite and increases metabolic rate. This can appeal to people interested in weight loss, particularly women and girls. It can also be a deterrent against quitting smoking (WHO). Based on observation, given the weather conditions of Erie where Gannon is located, a lot of international students smoke more often during winter as compared to any other seasons of the year. International students especially freshman students face a lot pressure given their unique living situations and trying to adjust to the new environment. They are more likely to use alcohol and smoke cigarettes than their fellow senior students.

The health behaviors of college students are important because behaviors established in the transition between adolescence and early adulthood can be consolidated into lifetime patterns and potentially affect long-term health (Berg, 2009). Despite widespread health warnings about the risks associated with cigarette use and the decrease in the social acceptability of smoking over the past decades, college years seem to be a time when many students initiate or continue to smoke cigarettes (Cronk, 2010); cigarette smoking among college students continues to be a major health problem in the United States (Morrell, 2010)

Secondary Audience

Gannon Employees with Less Educational Qualifications:

According to the information obtained from the Health and Counselling Center, five percent of GU employees disclosed that they were smokers (Health Risk Assessment). Based on statistics from the field, this would account for approximately $174K in additional healthcare costs on an annual basis.

Education levels are strongly associated with differences in smoking use frequencies. In one study, among American adults, 23.8% of high school graduates were smokers. A shocking 45.2% of those who received a GED smoked. Of those with some college education but no degree 23.2% smoked. The trend of decreasing smoking numbers with increasing education levels continues: 18.8% of those with an associate degree, 9.9% of college graduates, and 6.3% of graduate degree holders smoked (Vital Signs: Current Cigarette Smoking among Adults Aged<18 Years, 2011). Based on the statistics given above, it has been observed that Gannon employees with less education qualifications or level are more likely to be tobacco smokers as compared to those employees with higher educational levels or qualifications.

Key Messages

Smoking is harmful, even just a few cigarettes, and can lead to long term health consequences.

Avoiding or quitting tobacco can prevent disease and improve health.

Nonsmokers save money, are not inconvenienced by having to go outdoors, and may be more socially accepted.

Secondhand smoke is harmful to your family and friends.

You CAN Quit.

Strategies and Tactics

Objective One: Reduce the number of students who smoke on campus by 35 percent by December 2018.

Strategy One: Use social media to target student audiences.

Tactic A: Create a video using the bad breath clip from Spongebob to give a visual example of how cigarettes can make a person smell and cause others to not want to be around them. Include messaging on how smoking causes yellow teeth, gross skin, bad breath, and an odor. This will be posted on the Gannon University Facebook page and shown at Freshman Orientation.

Tactic B: Take videos of non-smokers giving a personal statement as to why they choose not to smoke. This should include points on the inconveniences of smoking and having to go outdoors, the social segregation, and the cost of cigarettes. These videos will be posted to campus Facebook groups and Instagram.

Strategy Two: Use paper mediums to target student audiences

Tactic A: Place door hangers in Freshman dorms and table tents on tables in Waldron dining areas. These materials will contain information on the harms of smoking and how even occasional smoking can lead to health consequences.

Tactic B: Place in the Gannon Knight the percentage of Gannon students who smoke as an attempt to change perception of norms.

Strategy Three: Partner with the Health Center to provide resources to quit and resources to reduce secondhand smoke

Tactic A: A counselor will be available at the Health Center to design a quit plan based on reasons for quitting, when and where students smoke, what social support is available, and what changes can be made to the student’s environment. They will promote the quitting app LIVESTRONG MyQuit Coach.

Tactic B:  An event will be held at the Health Center featuring a BBQ, snacks, drinks, giveaways, and music. At the event students will be asked to sign a pledge to support a smoke-free campus and entered in a contest for an Amazon gift card if they do. The event will gain awareness of the campaign.

Strategy Four: Partner with Gannon Police and Safety to enforce a smoke free environment

Tactic A: Install designated smoking shelters near smoking hot spots but far enough away to reduce secondhand smoke exposure for nonsmokers. Police and Safety will enforce that students and employees are using these. The areas will contain information on what resources are available to quit.

(See appendix)

Tactic B: Work with the Gannon Marketing Department to produce signage enforcing Gannon’s Smoking Policy of no smoking less than 20 feet away from all Gannon owned buildings.

Objective Two: 50% of employees who currently smoke will quit by April 2019.

Strategy One: Partner with the Wellness Department and Highmark to help educate about the increased health insurance premium for Gannon employees covered under Gannon’s health insurance who smoke.

Tactic A: Design print materials to be distributed from the Wellness Department that gives information about how the nicotine testing is linked to Gannon’s health insurance premium during the free health screenings that are offered from January through March 2018.

Tactic B: Send out email blasts January through March 2018 that highlight costs of claims caused by smoking issues. Emails blasts will have information about premium increases and resources to quit.

Strategy Two: Free assistance programs offered through the Health and Counseling Center

Tactic A: Smoking Cessation program will be offered to any employee covered under Gannon’s health insurance who is classified as a smoker. Support classes will be offered on campus and will be conducive to work hours.

Tactic B: The Gannon Health and Counseling Center will be a resource for anyone who wants to register for an assistance program outside of the Gannon’s Smoking Cessation program. The Erie County Department of Health has access to a number of other programs that may be more beneficial depending upon individual needs.

Strategy Three: Increase awareness of Gannon’s Smoking Policy

Tactic A: Human Resources will send out an e-blast of the Gannon Smoking Policy at the beginning of the 2018 Fall semester.

Tactic B: All employees must sign an agreement stating they will comply with the Gannon Smoking Policy. This agreement will also have a clause that lets the employees know that they are responsible for helping with the enforcement of the smoking policy with colleagues, students, and visitors on campus.

Objective Three: 25% of smokers will have participated in a Smoking Cessation program.

Strategy 1: Create Smoking Cessation programs.

Tactic A: Engage the Gannon Health & Counseling Center to reach out to students and encourage them to enroll in the Smoking Cessation programs

Tactic B: Engage with the Global Office to encourage international students to enroll in the Smoking Cessation programs.

Strategy 2: Work in collaboration with the Gannon Health & Counseling Center.

Tactic A: Have the Gannon Health and Counseling Center create awareness of the Smoking Cessation programs during the International Orientation of global students.

Tactic B: Secure a place and time at the Gannon Health and Counseling Center to offer resources and support to smokers seeking to quit.

Tactic C: Seek support from the GHCC health professionals to distribute print materials to students both domestic and international during New Student Orientation.

Strategy 3: Inform about benefits for participating in the program

Tactic A: Create testimonials from students currently enrolled in the program and have them share their experience and stories

Tactic B: Create posters, brochures and leaflets containing information about the benefits of participating in the smoking cessation programs

Tactic C: Share the benefits of the programs on Gannon’s social media pages; Facebook, Instagram & Twitter

Evaluations

Criteria: Objective 1

Tools:

Survey: A pre and post survey based on the prevalence, attitudes, and norms of smoking as well as the self-efficacy to quit smoking.

Analyze the number of complaints reported to campus police about people smoking to see if they have reduced since the campaign started

Event count of how many people attended the BBQ to gain awareness of the campaign. Pledge signatures will also be counted to analyze support

Criteria: Objective 2

Tools:

1. Data collected from nicotine testing that will be distributed to all Gannon employees involved in the Wellness Rewards program.

2. Track of the number of people who utilize the Gannon Health and Counseling Center for free assistance programs, support classes, and seek referrals for programs outside of Gannon.

3. Monitor the reach of the email blasts and the number of employees who sign the agreement that they will comply with the Gannon Smoking Policy.

Criteria: Objective 3

Tools:

Track the total number of people enrolled in the Smoking Cessation programs.

Survey students during orientations to find out the attitudes and norms of smoking within their cultures.

Track the total number of print materials distributed to students.

Analyze the number of likes, views, retweets and shares on Gannon’s social media.

Appendices

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

The Health Communication Graduate program is conducting this survey to analyze in class. All responses will remain anonymous. Thank you!

Do you currently smoke tobacco, or have you ever?

Yes, I currently smoke.

Yes, I have smoked before.

No, I do not and have never smoked.

In the last 30 days, I have smoked tobacco... 

Everyday

Multiple times a week

Occasionally

Not at all

Please check your level of agreement with the following statements.

My friends smoke.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

My family is OK with smoking.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

I feel confident that I can quit smoking.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

I feel unable to quit smoking.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

I would utilize resources provided by Gannon to quit smoking.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Smoking is bad for my health.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Smoking needs to be reduced on Gannon's campus.

Strongly disagree

Somewhat disagree

Neither agree nor disagree

Somewhat agree

Strongly agree

Were you aware that Gannon has a smoking policy?

Yes

No

What is your sex?

Male

Female

Prefer not to answer

Which race/ethnicity best describes you?

Hispanic

White / Caucasian

Black or African American

Arabic

Asian or Pacific Islander

Other

Which best applies to you?

International Student

Domestic Student

What is your age?

References

American Lung Association. Retrieved from Lung.org

Berg C, Ling P, Guo H, et al. (2011). Using market research to understand health behaviors among college students. College Student Journal. 45:726–737.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, November 16). Smoking & Tobacco Use.

Pennsylvania Department of Health. Retrieved from health.pa.gov