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View in CDC Archive Go to CDC Archive Home Page Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search Español | Other Languages Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics- Calculate and interpret the following epidemiologic measures:
- Ratio
- Proportion
- Incidence proportion (attack rate)
- Incidence rate
- Prevalence
- Mortality rate
- Choose and apply the appropriate measures of association and measures of public health impact
- Section 1: Frequency Measures
- Section 2: Morbidity Frequency Measures
- Section 3: Mortality Frequency Measures
- Section 4: Natality (Birth) Measures
- Section 5: Measures of Association
- Section 6: Measures of Public Health Impact
- Summary and References
- Exercise Answers
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
- Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice
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Lesson 1
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- Definition of Epidemiology
- Historical Evolution of Epidemiology
- Uses
- Core Epidemiologic Functions
- The Epidemiologic Approach
- Descriptive Epidemiology
- Analytic Epidemiology
- Concepts of Disease Occurrence
- Natural History and Spectrum of Disease
- Chain of Infection
- Epidemic Disease Occurrence
- Summary, References, and Websites
- Exercise Answers
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
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Lesson 2
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- Overview
- Organizing Data
- Types of Variables
- Frequency Distributions
- Properties of Frequency Distributions
- Methods for Summarizing Data
- Measures of Central Location
- Measures of Spread
- Choosing the Right Measure of Central Location and Spread
- Summary and References
- Exercise Answers
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
- Lesson 3 plus icon
- Lesson 4 plus icon
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Lesson 5
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- Introduction
- Purpose and Characteristics of Public Health Surveillance
- Identifying Health Problems for Surveillance
- Identifying or Collecting Data for Surveillance
- Analyzing and Interpreting Data
- Disseminating Data and Interpretations
- Evaluating and Improving Surveillance
- Summary
- Appendix A. CDC Fact Sheet on Chlamydia
- Appendix B. Examples of Surveillance
- Appendix C. Examples of Surveillance
- Appendix D. Major Health Data Systems in the United States
- Appendix E. Limitations of Notifiable Disease Surveillance and Recommendations for Improvement
- Exercise Answers
- Self-Assessment Quiz
- Answers to Self-Assessment Quiz
- Lesson 6 plus icon
- Glossary
Lesson 3: Measures of Risk
Print Related PagesThis is an online version of a printed textbook. It is not intended to be an online course.
Refer to the book or to the electronic PDF version (511 pages) for printable versions of text, figures, and tables.
Overview
Lesson 2 described measures of central location and spread, which are useful for summarizing continuous variables. However, many variables used by field epidemiologists are categorical variables, some of which have only two categories — exposed yes/no, test positive/negative, case/control, and so on. These variables have to be summarized with frequency measures such as ratios, proportions, and rates. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates are three frequency measures that are used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a population.
Objectives
After studying this lesson and answering the questions in the exercises, you will be able to:
Major Sections
