Literature Review Paper

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Running head: REFERENCES ANALYSIS

REFERENCES ANALYSIS

References analysis

Courts, U. S. (n.d.). Crminal cases. Retrieved from uscourts.gov: http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/types-cases/criminal-cases

This source elucidates on the different types of cases that are heard in federal courts. It states that federal courts have limited type of cases that they can preside over as per US constitution. In most cases, the federal court jurisdiction only listens to cases which the United States is a party. This includes cases where there is violations of the constitution or the federal laws, crimes on federal land as well as bankruptcy cases.

The article finds strength on that federal courts only listens to cases which the United States is a party. The major ones are violations of the constitution or the federal laws, crimes on federal land as well as bankruptcy cases. The weakness is that there are weak law structures that are in place.

The themes addressed in this article are not supported by the other articles. This article theme is addressed in this article only. Other articles have majorly focused on the problems, troubles and the issues facing the courts. My explanation for findings is that different courts hears different cases in the US. In that the federal courts hears the cases which United States is a party. On the other hand, there are the state courts. My refined question is how the courts divide the case mandates.

ECKHOLM, E. (2016, September). Court Costs Put Extra Burden On Poor, Nonwhite and Young. (cover story). New York Times. pp. A1-A14.

This contribute to the knowledge as it covers a major problem in the criminal justice system. The burden of cost is majorly placed on the poor, nonwhite and the young. The article finds that these groups find it hard to get justice in the United States justice system due to various reasons.

The major strength of this article is the fact that it has pinpointed the areas that have been marginalized by the justice system. It has been able to point out the groups that have not received justice in the US. The weakness of this article is that it has not mentioned the unequal application of the law across all divide. In essence, it has not discussed how certain groups in the US have been profiled as criminals due to stereotyping and racism.

The article is supporting other articles to show the prevalent problems in the US criminal justice system. This is because other articles are pin pointing the major problems found in the justice system.

The articles finding show us that the US courts put extra burden of cost on the poor, on-whites and the young. This have been supported by different examples that have been provided in different cases.

The explanation of the finding is that the nonwhites, young and the poor have delayed to receive justice. This is due to manageable conditions such as stereotyping, poor law structures and racism. The poor have suffered poor law structures whereby white collar crimes unprosecuted while crimes committed by poor and have less magnitude to the society have faced long sentences. The young have not been well protected by law whilst the nonwhites have faced stereotyping in the American courts leading to wrong incarceration.

Funk, T. M. (2010). Victims' Rights and Advocacy at the International Criminal Court. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

This articles has majorly covered the victims’ rights. It has added knowledge in the problem by covering how the rights of the victims have been violated. The strength of this article is that it has pointed out one of the major problem that is occurring in the courts all over the world. The major weakness is that the article has failed to point out the victim rights infringement in the United States court. Despite covering the right infringement at the ICC, less has been focused on the United States court.

The article has duly supported other articles in this context. This is because it has aided in explaining one of the prevalent problems that are found in courts. The issue of victim rights is a major issue in numerous justice systems in the world. Covering it in the international criminal court context was marvelous.

The article finds that the victims in the International Criminal Courts finds it hard to receive justice. It elucidates that victims of war crimes rarely receive justice due to the fact that the warlords are mainly in power. Therefore, they do less to cooperate with the courts. Thereby, the victims of war crimes fail to get justice. My hypothesis in this article is that what the ICC should compel defiant states to collaborate. The explanation is the legal teams should be allowed in the respective countries to pursue justice.

Jones, K. T. (2012, December 6). The many troubles of the ICC. Retrieved from nationalinterest.org: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/the-many-troubles-the-icc-7822

This article adds knowledge by covering the major problems facing the International criminal court. It adds knowledge to this problem by covering important aspect that are evident in the International criminal courts.

The major strength is taking holistic view of reviewing the trouble cases in the ICC. The weakness is that it fails to offer solution of the cases provided

The article support other articles by presenting the grievances that are facing the ICC and other criminal justice systems globally.

The article is finds that the victims’ rights is one of the major concerns of the court. It elucidates that victims of war crimes rarely receive justice due to the fact that the war leaders are mainly in power. Therefore, they do less to collaborate with the courts. Thereby, the victims of war crimes do not get justice.

The explanation of the findings is that the ICC should revisit the countries collaboration act whereby the countries that fail to collaborate with the international criminal court should be dealt with thoroughly. New measures should be incorporated to ensure justice flow. My hypothesis is that new measures for no compliant states.

Ladner, J. (2000, March 7). Issues facing the courts today. Retrieved from smartvoter.org: http://www.smartvoter.org/2000/03/07/ca/la/vote/ladner_j/paper2.html

This adds to the knowledge by discussing the prevalent cases that are facing the court. It pinpoints the most issues, problems that affects the delivery of justice. The major strength of this article explains that economic, cultural, social and racial barriers exists in the current court. These are major barriers to justice. Therefore covering this notion is vital to the topic. The weakness of this article by Lander is that it fails to cover other minor barriers to justice.

The articles is in full support of others as it aims at pointing out the major problems that are associated by the courts. This is evident in the different contexts where issues and cases provided have been influenced by economic, cultural, social and racial barriers.

The article finding elucidates that economic, cultural, social and racial barriers are still barriers of justice in the courts today. It explains that these issues affect the cases directly and indirectly. This was evident with the many cases cited to be influenced by the concepts. Again, interviews showed that these concepts were real barriers to justice. My hypothesis is how to solve the barriers of justice.

MAC. (2017). Problems in the criminal justice system. Retrieved from mtabolitionco.org: http://mtabolitionco.org/issues/problems/

This article also supports the problem under investigation. it explains the problems in criminal justice.It highlights the major problems that are felt in the delivery of justice.The strength of this article is the fact that it highlights the prevalent problems that are in the justice system.It suggests that fairness is not separable to justice.Therefore, the major strength of this article is that is has been able to convey the messsage by pointing the barriers of justice in the criminal justice system.The major weakness is that the minor problem that make justice separable with fairness have not been adressed.

The article supports other articles in pinpointing the barriers of justice. It has greatly covered the major problems in the criminal justice system. The findings of the articles is divided into three parts. They are the problem in the police departments, the courts and the correctional departments which are the major components of criminal justice system. The article points out the different problems in each category.

The findings can be explained as the major problems that should be resolved in the justice system. My hypothesis is which are the prevalent problems in the C.J .S .

NAACP. (n.d.). Criminal justcie cases and issues. Retrieved from naacpldf.org: http://www.naacpldf.org/case-issue/4

This article also supports the problem under examination. It explains the problems in criminal justice.It highlights the major problems that are felt in the delivery of justice.Also it highlights issues , criminal justice cases and subjects.The major strength is taking all-inclusive view of reviewing the trouble cases and issues in the justice system .The weakness is that it fails to offer solution of the cases provided

The article is in full support of others as it aims at pointing out the major problems that are associated by the criminal justice system i.e. police, correction and the judiciary. This is evident in the different contexts where issues and cases provided have been influenced by economic, cultural, social and racial barriers.

The findings can be explained as the major problems that should be resolved in the justice system in order to access justice .My hypothesis is which are the prevalent problems in the C.J .S.

Nicosia, N., MacDonald, J. M., & Arkes, J. (2013). Disparities in Criminal Court Referrals to Drug Treatment and Prison for Minority Men. American Journal Of Public Health, 103(6), e77-e84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.20130310222

This contributes to the knowledge as it covers Disparities in Criminal Court Referrals to Drug Treatment and Prison for Minority Men. There have been cases of unequal treatment in the correction center. However, it aids the subject due to the fact that it covers inequality.

The major strength of this article is the fact that it has pinpointed the areas that have been marginalized by the justice system. It has been able to point out the groups that have not received justice in the US. The weakness of this article is that it has not mentioned the unequal application of the law across all divide. Also,it has not alluded on how to solve the disparities.

The article finds that some groups find it hard to get justice in the United States system due to various reasons. The findings can be explained as the major problems that should be resolved in the justice system in order to access justice for all in the prison setting .My hypothesis is how can the problem Disparities in Criminal Court Referrals to Drug Treatment and Prison for Minority Men be solved.

Salinas, L. S. (2015). U.S. Latinos and Criminal Injustice. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.

This article adds knowledge to this context by pointing another minority receiving injustice in the US judicial system. It adds knowledge by covering yet another inequality.

The major strength is that is highlights minority that is known to receive injustice. The major weakness is that it does not provide specific cases of Latinos injustice in the US judicial system. The article support other in exposing the impunity, injustice and unfairness in the judicial system.

The explanation of the finding is that the nonwhites are delayed to receive justice. This is due to manageable conditions such as stereotyping, poor law structures and racism. The article finds that the nonwhites have faced stereotyping in the American courts leading to wrong incarceration.

Shah, A. (2005, September 5). International criminal court. Retrieved from globalissues.org: http://www.globalissues.org/issue/102/international-criminal-court

This article adds knowledge by covering the major global issues facing the International criminal court. It adds knowledge to this problem by covering important aspect that are evident in the International criminal courts.

The major strength is taking holistic view of reviewing the trouble cases in the ICC cases. The weakness is that it fails to offer solution of the cases provided.

The article support other articles by presenting the grievances that are facing the ICC and other criminal justice system globally.

The article finds that suspects before the ICC facing war crimes rarely faces the full wrath of the law. It elucidates that victims of war crimes rarely receive justice due to the fact that the war leaders are mainly in power. Therefore, they do less to collaborate with the courts. Thereby, the victims of war crimes roam freely.

The explanation of the findings is that the ICC should revisit how they work with the concerned countries. New measures should be incorporated to ensure justice flow. My hypothesis new measures for no compliant states.

References