Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

Criteria

Article 1

Article 2

Article 3

Article 4

APA Reference

All peer reviewed journal articles should be current (published within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. Include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the article.

Adhikari, M., Devkota, H. R., & Cesuroglu, T. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators of diabetes self-management practices in Rupandehi, Nepal- multiple stakeholders’ perspective. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11308-4

Chin, M. H., Goddu, A. P., Ferguson, M. J., & Peek, M. E. (2014). Expanding and sustaining integrated health care–community efforts to reduce diabetes disparities. Health Promotion Practice, 15(2_suppl), 29S39S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914532649

Tamiru, S., Dugassa, M., Amsalu, B., Bidira, K., Bacha, L., & Tsegaye, D. (2023). Effects of Nurse-Led diabetes Self-Management education on Self-Care knowledge and Self-Care behavior among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending diabetes follow up clinic: A Quasi-Experimental study design. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 18, 100548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100548

Zou, G., Witter, S., Caperon, L., Walley, J., Cheedella, K., Senesi, R. G. B., & Wurie, H. R. (2020). Adapting and implementing training, guidelines and treatment cards to improve primary care-based hypertension and diabetes management in a fragile context: results of a feasibility study in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09263-7

Purpose/Aim of Study

This study was carried out in order to explore the barriers and facilitators in undertaking self-management practices for diabetes across all of the stakeholders based in Rupandehi district of Nepal.

Addressing diabetes disparities through integrated health care–community approaches in Chicago.

Assess the rate of knowledge accumulation and behavioral modifications with nurse-led diabetes self-management education.

Evaluate the practicability of the stopgap care urging for NCDs in a vulnerable setting.

Research questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)

This study aimed to explore the barriers to and facilitators of Type 2 diabetes self-management practices taking multiple stakeholders’ perspectives in Nepal.

Explore impact of integrated approaches on diabetes care disparities in Chicago.

Evaluate the impact of DSME containing nurses as leaders on improving the knowledge and self-care behavior.

Investigate care processes and outcomes challenge and impact of intervention in Sierra Leone, addressing health system problems.

Design

Type of quantitative or type of qualitative study design

This was a qualitative exploratory study.

Mixed-methods approach with qualitative exploration and quantitative outcomes evaluation.

Quasi-experimental design which is an intervention and control groups.

Mixed-methods approach for a Feasibility Study.

Setting

Where did the study take place? What type of setting – inpatient, outpatient, etc.?

The study was conducted in Rupandehi district of Nepal, encompassing both urban and rural areas. The selected facilities for the study were Lumbini zonal hospital and Motipur primary health care centre.

Predominantly African American South Side of Chicago; Outpatient clinics and community settings.

South-West Ethiopia, at Public Hospitals Diabetic Follow-up Clinics.

Bombali District, Sierra Leone; PHCs, CHCs, MCHPs, and CHPs are our primary sources of health care.

Sample

Number and characteristics of participants

The study included multiple stakeholders involved in diabetes self-management practices: people with Type 2 diabetes, caregivers, medical doctors, district health managers, and a social worker. The number of participants in each group was not explicitly mentioned.

Diverse participants from South Side clinics; 6 clinics, patients, providers, community.

At first 360 adult Type 2 diabetes patients, 321 eligible for inclusion in baseline; the final analysis with 278 people remains.

35 CHOs, SECHNs, MCH Aides; Indviduals with hypertension and diabetes.

Methods

Interventions/Instruments

The study used focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) as data collection tools. FGDs were conducted with people with Type 2 diabetes, while SSIs were conducted with caregivers, medical doctors, district health managers, and a social worker. The data collection was carried out between April and mid-May 2018.

Patient education, quality improvement collaborative, provider education, and community partnerships.

Applied DSME (DSME) by a nurse classifications: interview and validated tools (DKT, SDSCA).

Treatment cards, locally adapted guides, training materials, mentoring visits and semi-structured interviews.

Analysis

How were the data that were collected analyzed?

Thematic inductive approach was used for data analysis. The transcripts of FGDs and SSIs were coded, and patterns were checked to ensure relevance to the research questions. Coded data with similar meanings were grouped into sub-themes, which were then reviewed and finalized into broader themes.

Utilized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and qualitative thematic analysis.

(1) Independent t-test for mean score differences in knowledge and behavior at baseline and end-line (2) T-test was conducted.

Qualitative Data Framework analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and t-tests for quantitative data.

Outcomes/key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice (Summary of study results)

The study identified barriers and facilitators to Type 2 diabetes self-management practices at different levels of the socio-ecological model. Key findings included lack of knowledge, motivational factors, responsibility, beliefs, and time constraints at the individual level. Interpersonal factors included social network and doctor-patient relationship. At the community level, cultural values, availability of resources, environmental factors, and media played a role. Organizational level factors included the need for a multidisciplinary team. Policy-level factors encompassed guidelines, policies, and economic considerations.

Successful integration reduced diabetes disparities through collaborative efforts and community engagement.

Notable change in the Self-care-knowledge and behavior of patients after nurse-led DSME, which emphasizes its introduction as a model of health care delivery.

Achievement of SBP and DBP after 3 months; Health system barrier created a gap in ensuring delivery.

Recommendations of the Researcher

The researcher recommends that information materials be created with specific goals for education programs, guidelines for healthcare professionals with a supporting evidence be developed and mass awareness through the media is promoted to overcome existing barriers and ensure enabling factors of diabetes self-management in Nepal.

Advocate for continued integration, inclusivity, partnerships, media involvement, and historical understanding.

Support DSME by nurse-led integration into the healthcare systems for advanced diabetes management.

Address health system challenges, include the intervention and train front-line workers, and ensure sustainability.

Explain how this article supports your proposed PICO(T) question and Capstone Change Project

The study provides insights into the barriers and facilitators of diabetes self-management practices, offering valuable information for understanding the challenges faced by individuals with Type 2 diabetes in Nepal. This information could be crucial for informing interventions or programs aimed at improving diabetes self-management practices. The findings could be relevant to the proposed PICO(T) question and could contribute to the development of strategies in the Capstone Change Project.

This study demonstrates successful integration to address diabetes disparities, aligning with proposed interventions.

This research showed the efficiency of the nurse-led DSME on improving diabetes knowledge and self-care behavior about which all the recent proposals made regarding interventions have been.

The study caters for the formulation of a community-centered diabetes management plan adapted to a fragile environment.

Criteria

Article 5

Article 6

Article 7

Article 8

APA Reference

(include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the article)

Campbell, R. B., Larsen, M., DiGiandomenico, A., Davidson, M. A., Booth, G. L., Hwang, S. W., McBrien, K. A., & Campbell, D. J. T. (2021). The challenges of managing diabetes while homeless: a qualitative study using photovoice methodology. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 193(27), E1034–E1041. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202537

Dineen, T. E., Bean, C., & Jung, M. E. (2022). Implementation of a diabetes prevention program within two community sites: a qualitative assessment. Implementation Science Communications, 3(1), NA–NA. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-022-00258-6

Lubega, M., Ogwok, J., Nabunya, B., & Mbalinda, S. N. (2023). Role of community-based health clubs in promoting patients’ health education for diabetes self-care management: an interventional qualitative study in a Ugandan urban setting. BMJ Open Quality, 12(4), e002473–e002473. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002473

Masupe, T., Onagbiye, S., Puoane, T., Pilvikki, A., Alvesson, H. M., & Delobelle, P. (2022). Diabetes self-management: a qualitative study on challenges and solutions from the perspective of South African patients and health care providers. Global Health Action, 15(1), 2090098. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2022.2090098

Purpose/Aim of Study

Address the issue of managing diabetes in homeless individuals through CBUS with the aid of photovoice.

Assess the underlying process of a diabetes prevention program in the community organizations.

Examine the role of the community-based health clubs in promoting diabetes self-care behaviors.

Examine experiences, hurdles, and remedies of self-management of T2D/HTN at patients’ and providers’ ends.

Research questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative)

Explore diabetes self-management as impacted by homelessness; assess challenges and solutions using the photovoice method.

Undertake research into factors that contribute to success and hence informing scale-up strategies.

Analyze how patient experience, patient awareness, and patient interaction should be affected.

Explore issues and suggest recommendations for successful T2D/HTN self-management. %% Discussion: The sentence seems to have a typo in the subtitle, where the phrase "for" is repeated.

Design

Type of quantitative or type of qualitative study design

Participatory community research of qualitative type with photovoice methodology.

Descriptive qualitative methods.

Thematic study.

Galactic units with qualitative research, namely in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.

Setting

Where did the study take place? What type of setting – inpatient, outpatient, etc.?

The community-based settings including shelters, community spaces with the main focus on the homelessness and diabetes of Toronto.

The Small Steps for Big Changes program which was implemented in both the local YMCA branches.

(Nansana and Mende Towns in) Urban areas in Wakiso District, Uganda.

Located in the Cape Town townships, two community health centers predominantly treating black African populations.

Sample

Number and characteristics of participants

Eight coresearchers with type 2 diabetes, experienced homelessness (range: Poor, marginalized and socially disadvantaged (e.g. children aged 8 to 12 years, different ethnicities, different ages and genders).

Eight staff of the YMCA who offered the program, among them the sites supervisors and managers.

Our focus will be on 20 people who have diabetes from Wakiso Health Centre IV diabetic clinic.

We analysed health records of 51 patients including 8 healthcare workers (HCWs) and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes/hypertension, having different characteristics.

Methods

Interventions/Instruments

Photovoice approach for group training policy, pictures, stories, and data discussion.

Semi-structured interviews with staff, a focus group with implementation support staff, thematic analysis are performed.

Seesaw model of community-based health clubs led by nurses lasting 8 weeks, centered on health education, lifestyle modifications, and self-care. Qualitative data gathered through transcripts of FGDs (Focus Group Discussions).

We applied the Self-Management framework for analysis. Qualitative research in this framework was done via one-to-one interviews and focus group discussions.

Analysis

How were the data that were collected analyzed?

Thematic analysis of narrative and photos were done working alongside the coresearchers in identifying the major themes.

Thematic analysis induced-deduction, associated with the CFIR structures.

Content analysis of the transcripts of FGDs via open coding and consensus on coding different instances.

Coding the transcripts with open codes, framework codes and data analysis using the Self-Management model.

Outcomes/key findings of the study and implications for nursing practice (Summary of study results)

Problems associate with this problem are hardships, shelters provide bad food, housing – benefits and challenges, and healthcare access.

Important to implement the activity with positive views of the community, participation during planning process are crucial and clear commitment shown.

Theme 1: building community for social isolation, enhancing health-care knowledge, and providing adequate time for patients and health workers to interact. Community-based health clubs are built on patients' capacity to care for their own standard of diabetes self-care.

Identified obstacles to behavioral/medical management, employer responsibilities management, and emotional management, pointing to the complex self-management problems. Barriers to T2D/HTN management that have been accentuated as well as community-based solutions are among the points discussed.

Recommendations of the Researcher

Policy changes required to boost the existing nutrition support, mental health care services, and healthcare accessibility for the homeless people with diabetes.

Highlight how insufficiently planning, the late involvement in the process, multi-level buy-in and site lead role strategic selection are the measures need to be taken.

Find out more quantitative studies required for a broader assessment of the club’s effectiveness over time.

Possible community-based solutions could be formalized, for instance, provision of dedicated services, counseling, more family support, and contextualized communication for self-management effectiveness.

Explain how this article supports your proposed PICO(T) question and Capstone Change Project

The objective of the research is developing awareness of the challenges in treating diabetes among the homeless population, thereby supporting the program for a holistic community-based intervention.

Shares a case study of the effective rollout of a diabetes prevention program targeting community members as a model for future scaling.

The article underlines what the effect of community-based interventions on self-care for diabetes is, so the necessity of patients education and support systems is strengthened in underserved community.

These research findings will outline problems and offer solutions for self-management of T2D/HTN in a vulnerable population, emphasising a need for a community diabetes management course.