Personal Reflection Paper
Module 9: Motivation and Empowerment
(Chapter 8)
Lecture 1: Motivating Others
Lecture 2: Empowering Others
Module 9: Motivation and Empowerment
Lecture 1: Motivating Others
Lecture 2: Empowering Others
• Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic rewards
• Explain how to motivate others by meeting their higher-level needs
• Discuss needs-based theories of motivation and how the concept of equity applies to motivation
Lecture 1 Objectives
Motivation Important?
• Want to work at your organization
• Stay with the organization
• Be responsible while at work
• Be productive while at work
• Volunteer to do extra work
Motivation
• Forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action
• Motivation plays a role in employee productivity
• Motivational theory can be used to: Satisfy followers’ needs Encourage better work performance
Motivation
• Forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action
• Motivation plays a role in employee productivity
• Motivational theory can be used to: Satisfy followers’ needs Encourage better work performance
Simple Model of Motivation
Types of Rewards
• Internal satisfactions a person receives in the process of performing a particular action • Appeal to the higher needs of individuals
Intrinsic rewards
• Given by another person, typically a supervisor • Pay raise and promotions • Appeal to the lower needs of individuals
Extrinsic rewards
Needs Based Theories of Motivation
• Maslow’s theory proposes that humans are motivated by multiple needs and those needs exist in a hierarchical order
Hierarchy of needs theory
• Hygiene factors: Involves the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships
• Motivators: Involves job satisfaction and meeting higher‐level needs such as achievement, recognition, and opportunity for growth
Two‐factor theory
• McClelland’s theory proposes that certain types of needs are acquired during an individual’s lifetime • Need for achievement, affiliation, and power
Acquired needs theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
“The opposite of dissatisfaction is not satisfaction, it is no dissatisfaction.”
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
• Achievement (nAch)
• Affiliation (nAff)
• Power (nPwr)
Acquired Needs Theory
Leader‐Member Exchange
Acquired Needs Theory
• Achievement (nAch)
• Affiliation (nAff)
• Power (nPwr)
Acquired Needs Theory
Other Motivation Theories
• Looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences • Behavior modification: Set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify behavior
Reinforcement theory
• Motivation depends on individuals’ mental expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards
Expectancy theory
• People are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance • State of equity ‐ Ratio of one person’s outcomes to inputs equals the ratio of others’ in the work group
• Inequity ‐ Input/outcome ratios are out of balance
Equity theory
Shaping Behavior with Reinforcement
Shaping Behavior with Reinforcement
Shaping Behavior with Reinforcement
Shaping Behavior with Reinforcement
Key Elements of Expectancy Theory
Complete:
Leader’s Self‐Insight 8.1
Self‐Assessment “Are Your Needs Met?
VIDEO
The Puzzle of Motivation
Four Categories of Motives