Personal Reflection Paper
Lecture 1: Self Awareness
Lecture 2: Personality and Type
Lecture 3: Perception
Module 4: Leader as an Individual
• Define Values, Attitudes, Perception
• Explain Distortions to Perception
• Discuss managing the Fundamental Attribution Error
Lecture 3 Objectives
Definitions
Values: Fundamental beliefs that an individual considers to be important
Relatively stable over time Impact attitudes and behavior
• End values: Beliefs about the kind of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue
• Instrumental values: Beliefs about the types of behavior that are appropriate for reaching goals
Definitions
Attitude: Evaluation about people, events, or things Can be either positive or negative Leader’s attitudes toward followers influence how they relate to
people
Social Perception: Making sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information
Values and attitudes affect perceptions, and vice versa
Video
“The Nature of Perception”
Perpetual Distortions Errors in judgment that arise from inaccuracies in the perceptual process:
• Stereotyping: Assigning an individual to a group and attributing generalizations about the group to the individual
(Hinders from knowing people who are stereotyped)
• Halo effect: Overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic
(Blinds the perceiver to other characteristics)
• Projection: Tendency to see one’s own personal traits in others
• Perceptual defense: Protecting oneself by disregarding ideas, situations, or people that are unpleasant
Attributions
Judgments about what caused a person’s behavior:
• Either characteristics of the person or of the situation
Internal attribution ‐ Belief that characteristics of the person led to the behavior
External attribution ‐ Belief that the situation caused the person’s behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to:
• Underestimate the influence of external factors
• Overestimate the influence of internal factors
Fundamental Attribution Error
“Assuming that others do contrary things because it’s in their makeup or they actually enjoy doing them and then ignoring any other potential motivational forces is a mistake. Psychologists classify this mistake as an attribution error. And because it happens so consistently across people, times, and places, it gets a name all its own. It’s called the Fundamental Attribution Error.”
Crucial Confrontations, Patterson, et al., p. 60.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
See/ Hear
Fundamental Attribution Error
See/ Hear
Tell a Story
Fundamental Attribution Error
See/ Hear
Tell a Story Feel
Fundamental Attribution Error
See/ Hear
Tell a Story Feel Act
Vital Smarts
Video
“Fundamental Attribution Error”
Respect Yourself Respect Others Respect the Organization
Guardian
Online Check for Module 4