Personal Reflection Paper

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Module 11: Power and Influence (Chapter 12)

Lecture 1:  Organizational Power and Politics

Lecture 2:  Influential Leadership

Module 11: Power and Influence (Chapter 12)

Lecture 1:  Organizational Power and Politics

Lecture 2:  Influential Leadership

Lecture 1 Objectives

• Define Power and Politics

• Distinguish between hard and soft power

• Identify five types of power in organizations

• Describe how power and politics can be used to reach           important organizational goals

• Describe the four frames of reference – and identify your  leadership frame

Power

Power

Power

Ability of one person in an  organization to influence others  to bring about desired outcomes

Stanley Milgram

Milgram Experiment

Milgram Experiment

Milgram Experiment ‐ Results

Five Types of Leader Power

1.Legitimate   2.Reward 3.Coercive

4.Expert 5.Referent

Five Types of Leader Power

1.Legitimate  X 2.Reward X 3.Coercive      X

4.Expert          X 5.Referent      X

Five Types of Leader Power

1.Legitimate 2.Reward 3.Coercive

4.Expert 5.Referent

Hard vs. Soft Power

• Hard power ‐ Stems from a person’s  position of authority

• Soft power ‐ Based on personal  characteristics and interpersonal relations

Five Types of Leader Power

Responses to the Use of Power

• Following the directions of the person with power, regardless  of how much agreement there is with that person’s directions

Compliance 

• Act of deliberately disobeying orders or delaying carrying out  orders

Resistance 

• Adopting the leader’s view‐point and carrying out instructions

Commitment 

Power

Ability of one person in an  organization to influence others  to bring about desired outcomes

Politics

Obtaining desired future  outcomes by acquiring, 

developing and using power

Organizational Politics

Positive or negative – politics happens. The philosopher Plato said, "One of the  penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed  by your inferiors." And this holds true today in the workplace: If you don't  participate in the political game, you risk not having a say in what happens and  allowing people with less experience, skill or knowledge to influence the  decisions being made around you. 

Office Politics are a fact of life. Wise politicking will help you get what you want  in the world of work without compromising others in the process. Learn to use  its power positively while diffusing the efforts of those who abuse it. 

Mind Tools, “Dealing with Office Politics”

Organizational Politics

… can be highly destructive, as people focus on personal gains at the expense of the  organization. "Self‐serving political actions can negatively influence our social  groupings, cooperation, information sharing, and many other organizational  functions." 

Thus, it is vital to pay attention to organizational politics and create the right political  landscape. 

"Politics is the lubricant that oils your organization's internal gears." Office politics has  also been described as "simply how power gets worked out on a practical, day‐to‐day  basis.“

‐ Wikipedia

Politics

Obtaining desired future  outcomes by acquiring, 

developing and using power

• Natural process for resolving differences • Can be either positive or negative

Personalized vs. Socialized Leaders

Personalized leaders  Socialized leaders

• Exercise power for their  own self‐centered  needs and interests

• Self‐aggrandizing,  nonegalitarian, and  exploitative

• Exercise power to  benefit others and the  organization as a whole

• Empowering,  egalitarian, and  supportive

Leader Frames of Reference

Frame: Leader’s perspective of the world

‐ Influences how the leader:

 Interacts with followers

 Makes decisions

 Exercises power 

Four Leader Frames of Reference

Source: Based on Lee G. Bolman and Terrence E. Deal, Reframing Organizations (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991); and L. G. Bolman and T. E. Deal, “Leadership and Management Effectiveness: A Multi-Frame, Multi-Sector Analysis,” Human Resource Management 30, no.4 (Winter 1991), pp. 509-534. Thanks to Roy Williams for suggesting the stair sequence

Complete:

Leader’s Self‐Insight 12.3

Self‐Assessments “Your Leadership Orientation”

Leader Frames of Reference

 Understand Your Own Frame of Reference

 Understand Others Frames of Reference

 Consider Expanding Your Frames

“Doing Good Work”

Balancing Effective and Ethical Behavior

Guidelines for Ethical Action

Sources: Based on G.F. Cavanaugh, D.J. Mobert, and M. Valasques, “The Ethics of Organizational Politics,” Academy of Management Journal, (June 1981), pp. 363-374; and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behavior, 8th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998), p. 422

VIDEO

Power & Politics

‐ Deborah Gruenfeld

“Difficult Bosses”