Personal Reflection Paper
Module 11: Power and Influence (Chapter 12)
Lecture 1: Organizational Power and Politics
Lecture 2: Influential Leadership
Module 11: Power and Influence (Chapter 12)
Lecture 1: Organizational Power and Politics
Lecture 2: Influential Leadership
Lecture 1 Objectives
• Define Power and Politics
• Distinguish between hard and soft power
• Identify five types of power in organizations
• Describe how power and politics can be used to reach important organizational goals
• Describe the four frames of reference – and identify your leadership frame
Power
Power
Power
Ability of one person in an organization to influence others to bring about desired outcomes
Stanley Milgram
Milgram Experiment
Milgram Experiment
Milgram Experiment ‐ Results
Five Types of Leader Power
1.Legitimate 2.Reward 3.Coercive
4.Expert 5.Referent
Five Types of Leader Power
1.Legitimate X 2.Reward X 3.Coercive X
4.Expert X 5.Referent X
Five Types of Leader Power
1.Legitimate 2.Reward 3.Coercive
4.Expert 5.Referent
Hard vs. Soft Power
• Hard power ‐ Stems from a person’s position of authority
• Soft power ‐ Based on personal characteristics and interpersonal relations
Five Types of Leader Power
Responses to the Use of Power
• Following the directions of the person with power, regardless of how much agreement there is with that person’s directions
Compliance
• Act of deliberately disobeying orders or delaying carrying out orders
Resistance
• Adopting the leader’s view‐point and carrying out instructions
Commitment
Power
Ability of one person in an organization to influence others to bring about desired outcomes
Politics
Obtaining desired future outcomes by acquiring,
developing and using power
Organizational Politics
Positive or negative – politics happens. The philosopher Plato said, "One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors." And this holds true today in the workplace: If you don't participate in the political game, you risk not having a say in what happens and allowing people with less experience, skill or knowledge to influence the decisions being made around you.
Office Politics are a fact of life. Wise politicking will help you get what you want in the world of work without compromising others in the process. Learn to use its power positively while diffusing the efforts of those who abuse it.
Mind Tools, “Dealing with Office Politics”
Organizational Politics
… can be highly destructive, as people focus on personal gains at the expense of the organization. "Self‐serving political actions can negatively influence our social groupings, cooperation, information sharing, and many other organizational functions."
Thus, it is vital to pay attention to organizational politics and create the right political landscape.
"Politics is the lubricant that oils your organization's internal gears." Office politics has also been described as "simply how power gets worked out on a practical, day‐to‐day basis.“
‐ Wikipedia
Politics
Obtaining desired future outcomes by acquiring,
developing and using power
• Natural process for resolving differences • Can be either positive or negative
Personalized vs. Socialized Leaders
Personalized leaders Socialized leaders
• Exercise power for their own self‐centered needs and interests
• Self‐aggrandizing, nonegalitarian, and exploitative
• Exercise power to benefit others and the organization as a whole
• Empowering, egalitarian, and supportive
Leader Frames of Reference
Frame: Leader’s perspective of the world
‐ Influences how the leader:
Interacts with followers
Makes decisions
Exercises power
Four Leader Frames of Reference
Source: Based on Lee G. Bolman and Terrence E. Deal, Reframing Organizations (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991); and L. G. Bolman and T. E. Deal, “Leadership and Management Effectiveness: A Multi-Frame, Multi-Sector Analysis,” Human Resource Management 30, no.4 (Winter 1991), pp. 509-534. Thanks to Roy Williams for suggesting the stair sequence
Complete:
Leader’s Self‐Insight 12.3
Self‐Assessments “Your Leadership Orientation”
Leader Frames of Reference
Understand Your Own Frame of Reference
Understand Others Frames of Reference
Consider Expanding Your Frames
“Doing Good Work”
Balancing Effective and Ethical Behavior
Guidelines for Ethical Action
Sources: Based on G.F. Cavanaugh, D.J. Mobert, and M. Valasques, “The Ethics of Organizational Politics,” Academy of Management Journal, (June 1981), pp. 363-374; and Stephen P. Robbins, Organizational Behavior, 8th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998), p. 422
VIDEO
Power & Politics
‐ Deborah Gruenfeld
“Difficult Bosses”