Assigment .Apa seven . All instructions attached.

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Literature Review: PICOT Question

Andy Curbelo

Grand Canyon University

Applied Evidence-Based Project and Practicum

Professor: Leslie Greenberg

March 10, 2024

Literature Review: PICOT Question

Introduction

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects individuals across various socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds. Effective self-management practices are crucial in controlling glycemic levels, preventing complications, and improving the overall quality of life for people living with diabetes. The proposed PICOT question aims to evaluate the impact of a community-based diabetes management program on glycemic control for individuals living with diabetes in an underserved urban community. A review of the current research on the PICOT question: "How does a community-based diabetes management program that includes education on how to manage diabetes, affordable access to medications and supplies, and support systems (I) change the glycemic control (O) of people living with diabetes in an underserved urban community (P) compared to standard diabetes care practices without the improved program (C)?"

Purpose of the Studies

The reviewed studies share the common purpose of investigating strategies to improve diabetes self-management and address disparities in underserved populations. They aim to explore barriers, facilitators, and effective interventions that can enhance diabetes self-management practices, particularly in resource-limited settings. By understanding the difficulties faced by people with diabetes and distinguishing socially suitable and community-driven mitigations, these reviews fight to overcome any issues in diabetes care and outcomes.

Comparison of Sample Populations

The examinations incorporated assorted sample populations, mirroring the universal burden of diabetes and the interesting difficulties encountered by various societies. Research areas concentrated on marginalized urban groups, akin to African American populations (Campbell and Egede, 2019; Hill-Briggs et al., 2020), whereas other studies looked at financial disparities in the prevalence of diabetes across the board (Oh et al., 2021; Safieddine et al., 2020). Moreover, the target populations for partners moved from diabetics and their caregivers to authorities, nearby local area affiliations, and suppliers of clinical services.

Synthesis of Studies' Conclusions

The literature review underlined the worth of community-based interventions, cooperative methodologies, and coordinated care models in tending to the different ways that individuals with diabetes deal with their ailment and its difficulties. It has been referenced on different occasions how significant education and support are in further developing self-care practices, social frameworks, and diabetes information. It has been demonstrated that patients' impressions of prosperity are improved by text messaging programs (Gatwood et al., 2019) and that self-administration support conventions for minimized gatherings (Litchfield et al., 2023) offer a system for self-care.

The review features the meaning of discussing the impacts of monetary well-being determinants on administration and what diabetes means for them. Diabetes mitigation might be more troublesome in circumstances where proper management is absent, restricted access to medical services, and environmental exposures (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020; Pinchevsky et al., 2020). Intercessions that address these issues through local area-based endeavors or practice alterations are important to eliminate any hindrances to diabetes ramifications.

Moreover, the review appraisals stress the worth of interdisciplinary cooperation and incorporate arrangements from partners, local area affiliations, and medical care specialists. Such organized practices yield suitable diabetes curbing by using specialists' information, resources, and community support (Campbell and Egede, 2019; Flood et al., 2022).

Limitations of the Studies

While the assessed examinations contribute important bits of knowledge, a few constraints ought to be recognized. A few sources had somewhat small sample sizes (Oh et al., 2021; Safieddine et al., 2020), which might restrict the generalizability of their results to larger populations or various settings. Some studies (Hill-Briggs et al., 2020; Litchfield et al., 2023), which didn't use quantitative measures of mediation effectiveness and made it harder to find causal links between interventions and results, also used subjective or expressive methods.

Besides, the examinations were led in different geological and social settings, which might present challenges in straightforwardly applying their discoveries to different settings without suitable variations (Pinchevsky et al., 2020; Flood et al., 2022). The implementation and outcomes of community-based diabetic board programs may be impacted by changes in social beliefs, customs, and healthcare frameworks that vary greatly throughout regions (Campbell and Egede, 2019).

Conclusion and Recommendations

The analyzed examination shows how glycemic control can be improved and imbalances in underserved urban settings can be tended to by community-based diabetes care drives. The capacity of people with diabetes to deal with their condition can be worked on by these mediations, which advance cooperation, schooling, organizations of basic encouragement, and fair access to assets. Notwithstanding, more examination is important to sustain the proof base and address the weaknesses featured in the analyzed investigations.

1. Larger sample estimates and randomized controlled preliminaries ought to be utilized in future examinations to work on the generalizability of results and exhibit the causality of interventions and results.

2. When assessing the suitability and impacts of local area-put-together medicines for glycemic control and other well-being results, longitudinal methodologies will be useful.

3. Considering the restricted assets and specific troubles experienced by underestimated populations, analysts should examine the reasonableness and expandability of these sorts of intercessions.

4. Researching the impacts of social, social, and ecological angles on diabetes and the viability of local area-based medicines can help with the development of more explicit strategies.

5. Interdisciplinary associations among analysts, clinical experts, local area associations, and lawmakers can assist with interpreting study discoveries into useful, durable arrangements that consider the intricacy of diabetes treatment.

By tending to these suggestions, experts can assist with advancing the advancement of socially applicable, sober-minded, and experimentally upheld diabetes care frameworks that benefit oppressed networks and further develop well-being results, accordingly lessening the weight of diabetes and its variations.

 References

Campbell, J. A., & Egede, L. E. (2019). Individual-, Community-, and Health System–Level Barriers to Optimal Type 2 Diabetes Care for Inner-City African Americans: An Integrative Review and Model Development. The Diabetes Educator, 46(1), 014572171988933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719889338

Flood, D., Geldsetzer, P., Agoudavi, K., Aryal, K. K., Brant, L. C. C., Brian, G., Dorobantu, M., Farzadfar, F., Gheorghe-Fronea, O., Gurung, M. S., Guwatudde, D., Houehanou, C., Jorgensen, J. M. A., Kondal, D., Labadarios, D., Marcus, M. E., Mayige, M., Moghimi, M., Norov, B., & Perman, G. (2022). Rural-Urban Differences in Diabetes Care and Control in 42 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-sectional Study of Nationally Representative Individual-Level Data. Diabetes Care. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-2342

Gatwood, J., Shuvo, S., Ross, A., Riordan, C., Smith, P., Gutierrez, M. L., Coday, M., & Bailey, J. (2019). The Management of Diabetes in Everyday Life (MODEL) program: development of a tailored text message intervention to improve diabetes self-care activities among underserved African-American adults. Translational Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz024

Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., Thornton, P. L., & Haire-Joshu, D. (2020). Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review. Diabetes Care, 44(1), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0053

Litchfield, I., Barrett, T., Hamilton‐Shield, J., Theresa Hm Moore, Parth Narendran, Redwood, S., Searle, A., Suma Uday, Wheeler, J., & Greenfield, S. (2023). Current evidence for designing self-management support for underserved populations: an integrative review using the example of diabetes. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01976-6

Oh, S.-H., Ku, H., & Park, K. S. (2021). Prevalence and socioeconomic burden of diabetes mellitus in South Korean adults: a population-based study using administrative data. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10450-3

Pinchevsky, Y., Butkow, N., Raal, F. J., Chirwa, T., & Rothberg, A. (2020). Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature. International Journal of General Medicine, 13, 121. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S226010

Safieddine, B., Sperlich, S., Beller, J., Lange, K., Epping, J., Tetzlaff, J., Tetzlaff, F., & Geyer, S. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes in employed individuals, nonworking spouses, and pensioners. SSM - Population Health, 11, 100596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100596