Evidence-Based Practice Proposal – Final Paper

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Joshua Garcia

Physical Therapy and Geriatric Population.docx

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Running Head: PHYSICAL THERAPY AND THE GERIATRIC POPULATION 1

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 2

Introduction

The aging population in the society is faced with a wide range of health issues and

complications. As individuals get older, other body parts and organs continues to wear and tear

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Physical Therapy and the Geriatric Population

Joshua Garcia

GCU

HLT 490V

February 14, 2021

and become less functionless. The physical activities becomes a challenge at this age especially

moving from one point to the other. Locomotion is critical to the aging population since the

majority have challenges with their locomotive system to a point where they are not in a position

to support themselves freely. Other physical activities and house chores also become a challenge

since the aged population are considered not to be physically fit to handle some tasks which

would require a higher input of energy.

The condition or the situation facing the aged population needs to be addressed in the

best manner possible, a manner that would encourage more age members in the society to make

their bodies remain fit for any physical activity. The physical activities are important to the aging

population since their skeletal system is exercised to remain fit for easier handling of their daily

activities. Physical therapy is one of the best known methods or strategy that can be effectively

employed by the aged in the society to improve their performance as well as their life

expectancy. The aspect of having some physical therapy helps the body to be productive,

resistant and strong thus being more productive.

The proposed physical therapy would help the aging population in maintaining good

health conditions and enhance their bodies remain fit. Engaging in physical exercises and

therapy is one of the ways that would help improve body performance and productivity. It is one

of the recommended ways and strategies to stay away from any form of health complications and

challenges. The following paper aims at explaining how physical therapy technique and its

importance in handling health complication issues among the aged in the society.

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 3

Problem or Issue: Physical Impairment/Conditions

The process of growth and development is gradual and happens throughout the year. As

the human community continues to experience aging, the capabilities of the senior population

significantly come to question, whether their body health will remain sustainable and or, they

would develop complications later in life, affecting their dependence. The senior population is

prone to several health difficulties that require extreme attention. Medical interventions have to

be considered at different levels, and while some fail to evade surgery, those who do ought to

consider physical therapy as a way to help manage their lives towards pain-free lives. As the

body experiences wearing out due to aging, individuals tend to experience joint and muscle

pains, resulting from worn-out body tissues.

Physical therapy plays a vital role, by exercising the various body parts and muscles, thus

making them solid and steady. Among the conditions that are cured through physical therapy are;

osteoporosis, arthritis, and joint replacement, among others. Physical impairment is a health

situation in which an organ of an individual`s body is damaged or not functioning appropriately.

Physical impairment is a critical health issue because it undermines the ability of an individual to

operate efficient. The following are some of the forms that lie under this health condition. When

an individual is not in good health the rest of his or her life activities tend to stop due to health

factors which can pose problems for health and social care. (Hilmer &; Gnjidic, 2018). A

physical incapacity is a natural situation that affects movement, handling ability, or strength. “If

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the onset of chronic conditions – those imposing large costs on health systems – can be

postponed out of an individual’s lifetime, then healthcare costs may fall as later cohorts enjoy a

longer lifespan, with a reduced level of necessary treatment for chronic conditions.” (Dormont et

al, 2006). The impairment can incorporate any type of condition that cause a decrease in health,

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 4

functionality and mobility. As an individual ages more health-related attention and care should

be given. As on ages conditions and impairments can progress causing an increase in

deterioration of health as well as a huge level of health risks to an individual to his or her health

status. (Howdon &; Rice, 2018). The field of physical therapy is considered preventative and

a conservative approach to care. It is important to provide optimal care in order to promote

functionality and safety to improve one’s overall quality of life.

PICOT Questions

1. What are the advantages that the aged or the old in the society can cite to have benefitted

from using conservative physical therapy in management and healthcare? The research

questions aimed to evaluate the beneficial extent of the conservative therapy.

2. What are the challenges encountered when employing or using the conservative therapy

management plan to handle and ensure better healthcare and management?

3. What improvements can be made in the model or the management care in the health care

system to help manage and improve the life expectancy of the aged individual in society?

It would be essential to research such an issue to ensure much success is achieved for

better performance and management of the healthcare system.

Target Population (Geriatrics)

Aging individuals are the most affected by this health issue. Aging people with a physical

impairment may lack self-confidence or feel unacceptable in their society. (Hilmer &;

Gnjidic, 2018). The physical disability Physical disabilities can also create a sedentary lifestyle

in which increased complication in overall health that will greatly affect their activity levels. The

aging population provides many challenges in overall in many different specialties within health

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 5

care. (Miller et al., 2019). The aging (geriatric) population heavily affects health care system

across the board in all sectors of health care. The geriatric population are constantly faced with

health complications and challenges that will affect their quality of life and in turn affects their

functionality and mobility.

Complications directly affect the patient and the health care system driving up the cost to

treat the patient. (Howdon &; Rice, 2018). Education is key in an aging population in order

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to avoid these challenges. Health care systems are being developed in all sectors with a

conservative/preventative approach in order to control cost, increase quality of care, and improve

safety and competency/awareness. (Miller et al., 2019). “The provision of patient-centered care

has been shown to positively influence clinical outcomes, including patient satisfaction and self-

management.” (Miller, Gill, Mazza, Pilon &; Hill, 2019).

Literature Review

The population of citizens in the United States who are aged 65 years or older are

referred to as geriatric population. The population as indicated by their age, there is a high need

to investigate on matters affecting the population especially those issues which are related to

their health issues and conditions. The aging population in the society are faced with a vast

variety of challenges that influences and affects their normal and daily lives. The aging

population are faced with the challenges due to the wear and tear of the body tissues and organs.

It is therefore difficult for their bodies and systems to perform the required and necessary

functions at the same pace as a teenager. It is therefore important to device ways and strategies to

employ that would help the aging population become less prone to diseases and other body and

system complications. Conservative physical therapy approach is aimed at reducing the pain and

injury level of the aged population since their rate of recovery and the impact of the management

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physical therapy should be in a position of reducing, controlling and managing the pain or the

injury which the aged individual in the society may be facing. The main aspect of the physical

therapy is the treatment of pain and other pain-related conditions in a non-surgical methods.

Medications are part of the strategies that are also put in place to ensure the patient or the aged

individual does not experience more pain thus leading to the treatment method be termed as

aggressive since the patient is not comfortable. The pain is usually experienced at the back a

condition which is majorly known as the lower back pain. As indicated above, the strategy is a

non-surgical method of pain relieving and thus no surgical operation or activity is involved.

Conservative Physical Therapy

The geriatrician are the health and medical professionals who are majorly involved in

treating conditions and handling issue that affect the older adults in the society. There are special

and unique health challenges that affects the aging population which requires special attention,

management and care to enhance effective performance of the aged population. The attention

given to the aged population is at a cost either to the state or to the rest of the population since

the personnel mandated in delivering the services should be specially trained and equipped with

the required skills to enhance their performance. Their pay should also be considered since it is

one of the factors that influence and affect the delivery of services to the aged population. The

aged have a challenge of having experienced various and different types of health and body

challenges and thus at their old age, it is important to handle them with care since they cannot

bear especially pain as a young teenager would manage to bear and overcome. It is therefore the

role and function of the doctor who is specialized in handling the aged to manage and control

their conditions. There are various advantages and disadvantages that are associated with the

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delivery of services especially to the aged population.

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Advantages of Conservative Therapy

A healthy population is considered to be a productive population. The majority of the

aged population who are 65 years and above are living in conditions and backgrounds in which

they cannot manage to raise the cost of the various medical challenges. The aged are experienced

with a couple of challenges while at the same time offering an opportunity to the individuals and

professions in the Physical Therapy profession to cater and apply their knowledge and skills in

the management and control of the challenges affecting the aged population.

One of the major benefit that comes along with conservative therapy is the care and

attention accorded to the aging population which is special and unique and at an affordable cost.

The cost is the main advantage since the population may not have any of their close family

members to look after them when they become of age of 65 or older. The healthcare require

skilled labor force that would help run the affairs of the sector which would lead to a higher

recruiting rate to cater for the rising needs of the services. The poor and financially unstable

backgrounds would be in a position of affording the services since the larger part have been

covered by the government on medical insurance making the services available to all individuals

even the less fortunate in the society.

The aging population are experienced with diseases some which are chronic and painful

like cancer and some diabetic form of diseases. The majority of the chronic diseases are painful

and thus requires professionals who are trained in such specific area and thus the need of

professional skills to attend to the aged. Rehabilitation of the aged individuals in the nearby

hospitals and healthcare facilities ensures the aged better services which are free from pain and

thus enhancing better treatment and management process. The rehabilitation of the aged is

recommended by the medical practitioners upon evaluation of the patient’s condition and thus

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the pain extent is handled by a professional. The goal setting idea of the health sector is

important in the quest to achieve a better and performing health sector.

The expansive or the extension of life is considered to be possible under good healthcare

services. The extended life expectancy has a positive impact to the economic growth of the

country and the economy at large. The economic growth which is contributed by the activities

performed by a healthy population is a positive impact in the conservative therapy since the

development in medical sector leads to development in the economy as resources revolve around

the sectors to promote better life expectancy. Physical therapy can improve overall quality of life

and functional mobility. A major goal of conservative physical therapy is to improve and ensure

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that the patient is able to live and function safely.

Policy Implementation.

The availability of an evidence-based intervention program on medical challenges has

been one of the best breakthroughs in the medical sector. The evidence would not be useful if the

implementation process would not be streamlined in the right manner to ensure efficiency.

Several steps should be adhered too, to ensure the policy being put in place meets the necessary

and the required steps (Spiel, 2018). The steps are critical since they help ensure that the policy,

model, or theory enhances performance. The PICOT emphasized the need to have conservative

physical therapy to handle and manage the older adults' challenges in society. As indicated

above, the challenges can be solved by engaging individuals in handling healthcare issues,

mostly the aged.

The first part of integrating conservative physical therapy would be identifying the

mission and goals. The course of the project or the disaster management, which manages care

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among the aged, would be guided the mission of the organization or the institution involved. The

physical therapy would be guided by the management measures and mission in solving the

problem. The second step would involve the availability of the required knowledge and skills

while implementing the therapy measure to handle the issue. The third step involves identifying

reasonable starting for a better starting point where necessary measures are put in place to ensure

all the energies are directed towards solving the medical challenge (Spiel, 2018). The fourth step

includes cooperation and establishing a plan to work with other partners in the implementation of

the policy or the model. Different corporations should join forces to ensure the physical therapy

strategies are yielding fruits for better healthcare management (Spiel, 2018). Policies and

policymakers would be necessary for achieving the required medical standards. There should be

coordinated development and collaboration between various institutions to ensure the policy is

effectively implemented and positively posted. In conclusion, some benefits are associated with

integrating physical therapy in handling and managing issues of the aged.

The elderly people in our society are highly vulnerable to musculoskeletal illnesses, and

watching a particular population, and especially the geriatric population, suffer due to issues that

could be managed before getting out of hand is painful. According to the national aging research

institute (NARI), some of these issues arise due to several major reasons which include;

inadequate funding and failure to lawfully enforce and observe policies (Campisi et al., 2019).

Lack of policy implementing policies, such as national aging, has been reported across the globe,

and especially in the developing nations, hence, the problem continues to record an increasing

trajectory on the statistics. In general, after the patient’s muscle tissues wear out, they leave no

cushion for the other body parts on different joints, thus leaving the patient with uncontrollable

pain when engaging in physical activities. In turn, it calls for the dependence of their family

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members, as well as the society as a whole, to cater to their needs. The government then has the

obligation to stand in, and compensate the senior citizens through budgetary allocation. For these

reasons, it calls for the government, professional medical staff, and affected victims to publicly

participate in the implementation of the policy, for it to have better chances of being a success.

Geriatric physical therapy mainly concentrates its attention on issues concerning aging for old

people. A systemic review of non-randomized studies was conducted and significantly assisted

in developing a vigorous policy, which has been designed for the implementation of acceptable

clinical guidelines for patients affected by related illnesses, addressing its application and

benefits. Since physical therapy addresses the physical nature of different peoples; issues, aging

people are regularly advised to subscribe to standard activities, which in turn will help them

mark out the need for intervention if needed. The intervention ought to encompass evaluation

and re-valuation of the individual's capabilities, noting how strenuous it is to complete

simple tasks (Magnuson et al., 2018). A professional physical therapist should pinpoint the

fundamentals disablements and functional mobility affecting them to complete a task or a

activity, therefore, able to recommend and create a plan or care to treat the patient. The treatment

could include: therapeutic exercise, therapeutic activities, manual procedures, gait/balance

training and modalities that is carried out in clinical settings. The physical therapist should

record the patients’ medical history for the present and future treatment.

However, maximum attention should be focused on some treatment procedures, for they

require instructions and technical skills application. The key role of the government is to

facilitate the proper acquisition of reliable medical facilities for the public and allocate a

reasonable amount of funds to national aging, as well as, do a follow up on the disbursement of

the funds, to ensure the desired expectations. The government and stakeholders should also

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coordinate to ensure that the medical personnel is well trained on how to go on about the new

practices via different methods which include; care application simulations, interactive case

study presentations, and observation by doing bedside rounds. The implementation of the

strategy should be overseen by professional physical therapists, with maximum assistance and

cooperation from their respective staff. The government should also ensure public awareness of

the policy, by organizing campaigns and seminars to educate the population and participate in

teaming up with non-governmental organizations with aligned goals, through the required

support.

Policy Evaluation and Recommendations

This research paper looks forward to addressing the importance of physical therapy, as a

strategy designed to help in care management, and prevention of health issues. According to

studies conducted, the level of body functional loss for the aging people in activities of daily

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living indicates over 45 percent, 33 percent complained of mild conditions, while 15 percent

complained of severe conditions. Failure of intervention, statistics predict a rapid increase in

these conditions, especially due to the wide range of lifestyles across the globe (Magnuson et al.,

2018). As the body experiences aging, the probability of being vulnerable to functional loss

shoots dramatically from 1.85 percent at the age of 60, to 35 percent for people above the age of

80 years. Following these statistics, it is solid enough that the issue demands an urgent

intervention, to help curb and prevent a related future incidence (Boissonnault &; Vanwye,

2020. The strategy targets senior citizens, of age above 60 years old. The main purpose of this

policy is to educate and inform the public on necessary interventions they may consider when

they experience conditions of this kind. The program will be evidence-based, therefore, relying

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 12

on the existing studies. The objective of the policy is to help manage the existing conditions and

outline the necessary guidelines to approaching a similar case scenario in case it arises. For the

program to remain solid and sustainable, it will require funding, which should be met through

program fee allocations from the government, as well as grants from communal contributions.

Since the clinicians will be deployed in the field, they will be designated to keep track of the data

and account for the record to the stakeholders.

In conclusion, the physical therapy policy is aiming at improving the health of the

population and medical interventions have to be considered at different levels, and while some

fail to evade surgery, those who do ought to consider physical therapy as a way to help manage

their lives towards pain-free lives. Globally, the evaluation of medical practices has been

prioritized, as health care entities are bound by the obligation to offer quality treatment to a

patient, which will be measured through prove of effectiveness. The major projected outcomes of

this strategy are to ensure a total turn-around of the functionality for the elderly people, to

enhance their dependence, and keep up observing the policy in order to help maintain their

body’s functionality at the contemporary level. The physical therapists should also gain the

technical how of recognizing the different physical therapy related cases, in accordance with

which is manageable, and which is reversible. They should also possess the capabilities to

address and guide accordingly about the threats, to try to lessen them while attainable, instead of

bringing the functionality to a stop completely. The study put to consideration of assessment two

variables that had restricted estimates, and those there were reported frequently with similar

styles. These variables included; the overall span and plan of the design, as well as, the clinical

span and plan of the strategy. The physical conservative therapy have helped manage and

improve the lives of the aged population in the society.

PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 13

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PHYSICAL THERAPY ON GERIATRIC POPULATION 14

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Howdon, D., & Rice, N. (2018). Health care expenditures, age, proximity to death and

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Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies (2010) 14, 289e293

Lynch, E. A., Mudge, A., Knowles, S., Kitson, A. L., Hunter, S. C., & Harvey, G. (2018).

“There is nothing so practical as a good theory”: a pragmatic guide for selecting

theoretical approaches for implementation projects. BMC health services research, 18(1),

1-11.

Magnuson, A., Lemelman, T., Pandya, C., Goodman, M., Noel, M., Tejani, M., & Mohile,

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