| Benchmark Results
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| Benchmark# | Description | Idea/Standard | Subject | Grade | Body Of Knowledge/ Strand | Direct Link |
| SC.912.CS-CC.1.1 | Evaluate modes of communication and collaboration. | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.2 | Select appropriate tools within a project environment to communicate with project team members. | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.3 | Collect, analyze, and present information using a variety of computing devices (e.g., probes, sensors, and handheld devices). | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.4 | Develop a collaborative digital product using collaboration tools (e.g., version control systems and integrated development environments). | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.5 | Communicate and publish key ideas and details to a variety of audiences using digital tools and media-rich resources. | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.6 | Identify how collaboration influences the design and development of software artifacts. | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CC.1.7 | Evaluate program designs and implementations written by others for readability and usability. | Communication and collaboration | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication and Collaboration |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.1.1 | Evaluate effective uses of Boolean logic (e.g., using “not”, “or”, “and”) to refine searches for individual and collaborative projects. | Data analysis | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.1.2 | Perform advanced searches to locate information and/or design a data-collection approach to gather original data (e.g., qualitative interviews, surveys, prototypes, and simulations). | Data analysis | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.1.3 | Analyze and manipulate data collected by a variety of data collection techniques to support a hypothesis. | Data analysis | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.1.4 | Collect real-time data from sources such as simulations, scientific and robotic sensors, and device emulators, using this data to formulate strategies or algorithms to solve advanced problems. | Data analysis | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.1 | Explain the program execution process (by an interpreter and in CPU hardware). | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.2 | Design and implement a program using global and local scope. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.3 | Implement a program using an industrial-strength integrated development environment. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.4 | Facilitate programming solutions using application programming interfaces (APIs) and libraries. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.5 | Explain the role of an API in the development of applications and the distinction between a programming language’s syntax and the API. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.6 | Describe a variety of commonly used programming languages. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.2.7 | Classify programming languages by paradigm and application domain (e.g., imperative, functional, and logic languages) and evaluate their application to domains such as web programming, symbolic processing and data/numerical processing. | Computer programming basics | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.3.1 | Create a computational artifact, individually and collaboratively, followed by reflection, analysis, and iteration (e.g., data-set analysis program for science and engineering fair, capstone project that includes a program, term research project based on program data). | Programming applications | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CP.3.2 | Create mobile computing applications and/or dynamic web pages through the use of a variety of design and development tools, programming languages, and mobile devices/emulators. | Programming applications | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Computer Practices and Programming |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.1.1 | Analyze data and identify real-world patterns through modeling and simulation. | Modeling and Simulations | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.1.2 | Formulate, refine, and test scientific hypotheses using models and simulations. | Modeling and Simulations | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.1.3 | Explain how data analysis is used to enhance the understanding of complex natural and human systems. | Modeling and Simulations | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.1.4 | Compare techniques for analyzing massive data collections. | Modeling and Simulations | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.1.5 | Represent and understand natural phenomena using modeling and simulation. | Modeling and Simulations | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.1 | Explain intractable problems and understand that problems exists that are computationally unsolvable (e.g., classic intractable problems include the Towers of Hanoi and the Traveling Salesman Problem -TSP). | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.2 | Describe the concept of parallel processing as a strategy to solve large problems. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.3 | Demonstrate concurrency by separating processes into threads of execution and dividing data into parallel streams. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.4 | Divide a complex problem into simpler parts by using the principle of abstraction to manage complexity (i.e., by using searching and sorting as abstractions) using predefined functions and parameters, classes, and methods. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.5 | Evaluate classical algorithms and implement an original algorithm. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.6 | Evaluate various data types and data structures. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.7 | Explain how sequence, selection, iteration, and recursion are building blocks of algorithms. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.8 | Decompose a problem by defining new functions and classes. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.9 | Evaluate ways to characterize how well algorithms perform and that two algorithms can perform differently for the same task. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.10 | Design and implement a simple simulation algorithm to analyze, represent, and understand natural phenomena. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.11 | Evaluate algorithms by their efficiency, correctness, and clarity (e.g., by analyzing and comparing execution times, testing with multiple inputs or data sets, and by debugging). | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.12 | Compare and contrast simple data structures and their uses. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.13 | Explain how automated software testing can reduce the cost of the testing effort. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.2.14 | Explain what tools are applied to provide automated testing environments. | Problem solving and algorithms | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.3.1 | Describe digital tools or resources to use for a real-world task based on their efficiency and effectiveness. | Digital tools | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.3.2 | Evaluate different file types for different purposes (e.g., word processing, images, music, and three-dimensional drawings). | Digital tools | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.1 | Describe a software development process that is used to solve problems at different software development stages (e.g., design, coding, testing, and verification). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.2 | Describe the organization of a computer and identify its principal components by name, function, and the flow of instructions and data between components (e.g., storage devices, memory, CPU, graphics processors, IO and network ports). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.3 | Differentiate between multiple levels of hardware and software (such as CPU hardware, operating system, translation, and interpretation) that support program execution. | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.4 | Evaluate various forms of input and output (e.g., IO and storage devices and digital media). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.5 | Develop and evaluate criteria for purchasing or upgrading computer system hardware (e.g., Wi-Fi, mobile devices, home and office machines). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.6 | Develop criteria for selecting appropriate hardware and software when solving a specific real-world problem (such as business, educational, personal). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.7 | Develop a software artifact (independently and collaboratively) in phases (or stages) according to a common software development methodology (e.g., Waterfall or Spiral model). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.8 | Evaluate the basic components of computer networks. | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.4.9 | Analyze historical trends in hardware and software to assess implications on computing devices for the future (e.g., upgrades for power/energy, computation capacity, speed, size, ease of use). | Hardware and software | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.5.1 | Identify and select the most appropriate file format based on trade-offs (e.g., open file formats, text, proprietary and binary formats, compression and encryption formats). | Network systems | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.5.2 | Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., latency, bandwidth, firewalls and server capability). | Network systems | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.5.3 | Describe common network protocols, such as IP, TCP, SMTP, HTTP, and FTP, and how these are applied by client-server and peer-to-peer networks. | Network systems | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.1 | Describe the unique features of computers embedded in mobile devices and vehicles. | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.2 | Describe the common physical and cognitive challenges faced by users when learning to use software and hardware. | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.3 | Describe the process of designing software to support specialized forms of human-computer interaction. | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.4 | Explain the notion of intelligent behavior through computer modeling and robotics. | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.5 | Describe common measurements of machine intelligence (e.g., Turing test). | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.6 | Describe a few of the major branches of artificial intelligence (e.g., expert systems, natural language processing, machine perception, machine learning). | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-CS.6.7 | Describe major applications of artificial intelligence and robotics, including, but not limited to, the medical, space, and automotive fields. | Human – Computer interactions and artificial intelligence | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Communication Systems and Computing |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.1 | Compare and contrast appropriate and inappropriate social networking behaviors. | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.2 | Describe and demonstrate ethical and responsible use of modern communication media and devices. | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.3 | Evaluate the impacts of irresponsible use of information (e.g., plagiarism and falsification of data) on collaborative projects. | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.4 | Explain the principles of cryptography by examining encryption, digital signatures, and authentication methods (e.g., explain why and how certificates are used with “https” for authentication and encryption). | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.5 | Implement an encryption, digital signature, or authentication method. | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.1.6 | Describe computer security vulnerabilities and methods of attack, and evaluate their social and economic impact on computer systems and people. | Responsible use of technology and information | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.1 | Describe how the Internet facilitates global communication. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.2 | Identify ways to use technology to support lifelong learning. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.3 | Discuss and analyze the impact of values and points of view that are presented in media messages (e.g., racial, gender, and political). | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.4 | Analyze the positive and negative impacts of technology on popular culture and personal life. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.5 | Construct strategies to combat cyberbullying or online harassment. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.6 | Describe the impact of computing on business and commerce (e.g., automated inventory processing, financial transactions, e-commerce, virtualization, and cloud computing). | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.7 | Describe how technology has changed the way people build and manage organizations and how technology impacts personal life. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.8 | Evaluate ways in which adaptive technologies may assist users with special needs. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.9 | Explain how societal and economic factors are affected by access to critical information. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.10 | Describe and evaluate the challenges (e.g., political, social, and economic) in providing equal access and distribution of technology in a global society. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.11 | Construct writings and/or communications using developmentally appropriate terminology. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.12 | Explore a variety of careers to which computing is central. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.2.13 | Predict future careers and the technologies that may exist based on current technology trends. | The impact of computing resources on local and global society | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.3.1 | Evaluate the quality of digital resources for reliability (i.e., currency, relevancy, authority, accuracy, and purpose of digital information). | Evaluation of digital information resources | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.3.2 | Evaluate the accuracy, relevance, comprehensiveness, appropriateness, and bias of electronic information resources. | Evaluation of digital information resources | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.3.3 | Conduct research using peer reviewed articles, newspapers, magazine articles, and online books. | Evaluation of digital information resources | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.3.4 | Analyze and evaluate public/government resources and describe how using these resources for communication can affect change. | Evaluation of digital information resources | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.1 | Describe how different types of software licenses (e.g., open source and proprietary licenses) can be used to share and protect intellectual property. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.2 | Explain how access to information may not include the right to distribute the information. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.3 | Describe differences between open source, freeware, and proprietary software licenses, and how they apply to different types of software. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.4 | Describe security and privacy issues that relate to computer networks. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.5 | Identify computer-related laws and analyze their impact on digital privacy, security, intellectual property, network access, contracts, and harassment. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.6 | Describe security and privacy issues that relate to computer networks including the permanency of data on the Internet, online identity, and privacy. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.7 | Evaluate and use digital citation tools to cite sources. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.CS-PC.4.8 | Describe the impact of government regulation on privacy and security. | Security, privacy, information sharing, ownership, licensure and copyright | Science | 912 | Computer Science - Personal, Community, Global, and Ethical Impact |
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| SC.912.E.5.1 | Cite evidence used to develop and verify the scientific theory of the Big Bang (also known as the Big Bang Theory) of the origin of the universe. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.2 | Identify patterns in the organization and distribution of matter in the universe and the forces that determine them. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.3 | Describe and predict how the initial mass of a star determines its evolution. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.4 | Explain the physical properties of the Sun and its dynamic nature and connect them to conditions and events on Earth. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.5 | Explain the formation of planetary systems based on our knowledge of our Solar System and apply this knowledge to newly discovered planetary systems. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.6 | Develop logical connections through physical principles, including Kepler's and Newton's Laws about the relationships and the effects of Earth, Moon, and Sun on each other. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.7 | Relate the history of and explain the justification for future space exploration and continuing technology development. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.8 | Connect the concepts of radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum to the use of historical and newly-developed observational tools. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.9 | Analyze the broad effects of space exploration on the economy and culture of Florida. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.10 | Describe and apply the coordinate system used to locate objects in the sky. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.5.11 | Distinguish the various methods of measuring astronomical distances and apply each in appropriate situations. | Earth in Space and Time | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.1 | Describe and differentiate the layers of Earth and the interactions among them. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.2 | Connect surface features to surface processes that are responsible for their formation. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.3 | Analyze the scientific theory of plate tectonics and identify related major processes and features as a result of moving plates. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.4 | Analyze how specific geologic processes and features are expressed in Florida and elsewhere. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.5 | Describe the geologic development of the present day oceans and identify commonly found features. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.6.6 | Analyze past, present, and potential future consequences to the environment resulting from various energy production technologies. | Earth Structures | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.1 | Analyze the movement of matter and energy through the different biogeochemical cycles, including water and carbon. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.2 | Analyze the causes of the various kinds of surface and deep water motion within the oceans and their impacts on the transfer of energy between the poles and the equator. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.3 | Differentiate and describe the various interactions among Earth systems, including: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.4 | Summarize the conditions that contribute to the climate of a geographic area, including the relationships to lakes and oceans. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.5 | Predict future weather conditions based on present observations and conceptual models and recognize limitations and uncertainties of such predictions. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.6 | Relate the formation of severe weather to the various physical factors. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.7 | Identify, analyze, and relate the internal (Earth system) and external (astronomical) conditions that contribute to global climate change. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.8 | Explain how various atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic conditions in Florida have influenced and can influence human behavior, both individually and collectively. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.E.7.9 | Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, and water. | Earth Systems and Patterns | Science | 912 | Earth and Space Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.1 | Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.2 | Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (passive and active transport). | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.3 | Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells. Compare and contrast the general structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.4 | Compare and contrast structure and function of various types of microscopes. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.5 | Explain the evidence supporting the scientific theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells (endosymbiosis). | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.6 | Explain the significance of genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of both individual and public health. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.7 | Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.8 | Explain alternation of generations in plants. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.9 | Relate the major structure of fungi to their functions. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.10 | Discuss the relationship between the evolution of land plants and their anatomy. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.11 | Classify and state the defining characteristics of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.12 | Describe the anatomy and histology of bone tissue. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.13 | Distinguish between bones of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.14 | Identify the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.15 | Identify major markings (such as foramina, fossae, tubercles, etc.) on a skeleton. Explain why these markings are important. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.16 | Describe the anatomy and histology, including ultrastructure, of muscle tissue. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.17 | List the steps involved in the sliding filament of muscle contraction. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.18 | Describe signal transmission across a myoneural junction. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.19 | Explain the physiology of skeletal muscle. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.20 | Identify the major muscles of the human on a model or diagram. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.21 | Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems and name the major divisions of the nervous system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.22 | Describe the physiology of nerve conduction, including the generator potential, action potential, and the synapse. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.23 | Identify the parts of a reflex arc. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.24 | Identify the general parts of a synapse and describe the physiology of signal transmission across a synapse. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.25 | Identify the major parts of a cross section through the spinal cord. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.26 | Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.27 | Identify the functions of the major parts of the brain, including the meninges, medulla, pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and cerebrum. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.28 | Identify the major functions of the spinal cord. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.29 | Define the terms endocrine and exocrine. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.30 | Compare endocrine and neural controls of physiology. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.31 | Describe the physiology of hormones including the different types and the mechanisms of their action. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.32 | Describe the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.33 | Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.34 | Describe the composition and physiology of blood, including that of the plasma and the formed elements. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.35 | Describe the steps in hemostasis, including the mechanism of coagulation. Include the basis for blood typing and transfusion reactions. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.36 | Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.37 | Explain the components of an electrocardiogram. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.38 | Describe normal heart sounds and what they mean. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.39 | Describe hypertension and some of the factors that produce it. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.40 | Describe the histology of the major arteries and veins of systemic, pulmonary, hepatic portal, and coronary circulation. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.41 | Describe fetal circulation and changes that occur to the circulatory system at birth. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.42 | Describe the anatomy and the physiology of the lymph system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.43 | Describe the histology of the respiratory system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.44 | Describe the physiology of the respiratory system including the mechanisms of ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport and the mechanisms that control the rate of ventilation. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.45 | Describe the histology of the alimentary canal and its associated accessory organs. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.46 | Describe the physiology of the digestive system, including mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and the neural and hormonal mechanisms of control. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.47 | Describe the physiology of urine formation by the kidney. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.48 | Describe the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.49 | Identify the major functions associated with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.50 | Describe the structure of vertebrate sensory organs. Relate structure to function in vertebrate sensory systems. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.51 | Describe the function of the vertebrate integumentary system. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.52 | Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune response, vaccines, and antibiotics. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.14.53 | Discuss basic classification and characteristics of plants. Identify bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. | Organization and Development of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.1 | Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.2 | Discuss the use of molecular clocks to estimate how long ago various groups of organisms diverged evolutionarily from one another. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.3 | Describe how biological diversity is increased by the origin of new species and how it is decreased by the natural process of extinction. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.4 | Describe how and why organisms are hierarchically classified and based on evolutionary relationships. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.5 | Explain the reasons for changes in how organisms are classified. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.6 | Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.7 | Discuss distinguishing characteristics of vertebrate and representative invertebrate phyla, and chordate classes using typical examples. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.8 | Describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.9 | Explain the role of reproductive isolation in the process of speciation. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.10 | Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacture of tools. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.11 | Discuss specific fossil hominids and what they show about human evolution. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.12 | List the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population and why these conditions are not likely to appear in nature. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to predict genotypes in a population from observed phenotypes. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.13 | Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive success. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.14 | Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection such as genetic drift and gene flow. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.15.15 | Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. | Diversity and Evolution of Living Organisms | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.1 | Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.2 | Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.3 | Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic information. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.4 | Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in phenotypic change. Explain how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.5 | Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.6 | Discuss the mechanisms for regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes at transcription and translation level. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.7 | Describe how viruses and bacteria transfer genetic material between cells and the role of this process in biotechnology. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.8 | Explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth potentially resulting in cancer. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.9 | Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost all organisms. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.10 | Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.11 | Discuss the technologies associated with forensic medicine and DNA identification, including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.12 | Describe how basic DNA technology (restriction digestion by endonucleases, gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, ligation, and transformation) is used to construct recombinant DNA molecules (DNA cloning). | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.13 | Describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system. Describe the process of human development from fertilization to birth and major changes that occur in each trimester of pregnancy. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.14 | Describe the cell cycle, including the process of mitosis. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells and its importance in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.15 | Compare and contrast binary fission and mitotic cell division. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.16 | Describe the process of meiosis, including independent assortment and crossing over. Explain how reduction division results in the formation of haploid gametes or spores. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.16.17 | Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. | Heredity and Reproduction | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.1 | Discuss the characteristics of populations, such as number of individuals, age structure, density, and pattern of distribution. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.2 | Explain the general distribution of life in aquatic systems as a function of chemistry, geography, light, depth, salinity, and temperature. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.3 | Discuss how various oceanic and freshwater processes, such as currents, tides, and waves, affect the abundance of aquatic organisms. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.4 | Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.5 | Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.6 | Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms, including predation, parasitism, competition, commensalism, and mutualism. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.7 | Characterize the biotic and abiotic components that define freshwater systems, marine systems and terrestrial systems. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.8 | Recognize the consequences of the losses of biodiversity due to catastrophic events, climate changes, human activity, and the introduction of invasive, non-native species. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.9 | Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain the pathway of energy transfer through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at successive trophic levels. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.10 | Diagram and explain the biogeochemical cycles of an ecosystem, including water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.11 | Evaluate the costs and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy, fossil fuels, wildlife, and forests. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.12 | Discuss the political, social, and environmental consequences of sustainable use of land. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.13 | Discuss the need for adequate monitoring of environmental parameters when making policy decisions. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.14 | Assess the need for adequate waste management strategies. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.15 | Discuss the effects of technology on environmental quality. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.16 | Discuss the large-scale environmental impacts resulting from human activity, including waste spills, oil spills, runoff, greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, and surface and groundwater pollution. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.17 | Assess the effectiveness of innovative methods of protecting the environment. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.18 | Describe how human population size and resource use relate to environmental quality. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.19 | Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.17.20 | Predict the impact of individuals on environmental systems and examine how human lifestyles affect sustainability. | Interdependence | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.1 | Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.2 | Describe the important structural characteristics of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and explain the functions of carbohydrates in living things. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.3 | Describe the structures of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Explain the functions of lipids in living organisms. Identify some reactions that fatty acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of cell membranes. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.4 | Describe the structures of proteins and amino acids. Explain the functions of proteins in living organisms. Identify some reactions that amino acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of enzymes. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.5 | Discuss the use of chemiosmotic gradients for ATP production in chloroplasts and mitochondria. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.6 | Discuss the role of anaerobic respiration in living things and in human society. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.7 | Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.8 | Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.9 | Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.10 | Connect the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to energy transfers within a cell. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.11 | Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.L.18.12 | Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent. | Matter and Energy Transformations | Science | 912 | Life Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.1 | Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge, for example: biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space science, and do the following:
- Pose questions about the natural world, (Articulate the purpose of the investigation and identify the relevant scientific concepts).
- Conduct systematic observations, (Write procedures that are clear and replicable. Identify observables and examine relationships between test (independent) variable and outcome (dependent) variable. Employ appropriate methods for accurate and consistent observations; conduct and record measurements at appropriate levels of precision. Follow safety guidelines).
- Examine books and other sources of information to see what is already known,
- Review what is known in light of empirical evidence, (Examine whether available empirical evidence can be interpreted in terms of existing knowledge and models, and if not, modify or develop new models).
- Plan investigations, (Design and evaluate a scientific investigation).
- Use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data (this includes the use of measurement in metric and other systems, and also the generation and interpretation of graphical representations of data, including data tables and graphs), (Collect data or evidence in an organized way. Properly use instruments, equipment, and materials (e.g., scales, probeware, meter sticks, microscopes, computers) including set-up, calibration, technique, maintenance, and storage).
- Pose answers, explanations, or descriptions of events,
- Generate explanations that explicate or describe natural phenomena (inferences),
- Use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify these explanations to others,
- Communicate results of scientific investigations, and
- Evaluate the merits of the explanations produced by others.
| The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.2 | Describe and explain what characterizes science and its methods. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.3 | Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, and the active consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.4 | Identify sources of information and assess their reliability according to the strict standards of scientific investigation. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.5 | Describe and provide examples of how similar investigations conducted in many parts of the world result in the same outcome. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.6 | Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations and provide examples from the content being studied. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.1.7 | Recognize the role of creativity in constructing scientific questions, methods and explanations. | The Practice of Science | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.2.1 | Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science). | The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.2.2 | Identify which questions can be answered through science and which questions are outside the boundaries of scientific investigation, such as questions addressed by other ways of knowing, such as art, philosophy, and religion. | The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.2.3 | Identify examples of pseudoscience (such as astrology, phrenology) in society. | The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.2.4 | Explain that scientific knowledge is both durable and robust and open to change. Scientific knowledge can change because it is often examined and re-examined by new investigations and scientific argumentation. Because of these frequent examinations, scientific knowledge becomes stronger, leading to its durability. | The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.2.5 | Describe instances in which scientists' varied backgrounds, talents, interests, and goals influence the inferences and thus the explanations that they make about observations of natural phenomena and describe that competing interpretations (explanations) of scientists are a strength of science as they are a source of new, testable ideas that have the potential to add new evidence to support one or another of the explanations. | The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.3.1 | Explain that a scientific theory is the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a substantial range of phenomena; thus, a scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer. | The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.3.2 | Describe the role consensus plays in the historical development of a theory in any one of the disciplines of science. | The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.3.3 | Explain that scientific laws are descriptions of specific relationships under given conditions in nature, but do not offer explanations for those relationships. | The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.3.4 | Recognize that theories do not become laws, nor do laws become theories; theories are well supported explanations and laws are well supported descriptions. | The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.3.5 | Describe the function of models in science, and identify the wide range of models used in science. | The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.4.1 | Explain how scientific knowledge and reasoning provide an empirically-based perspective to inform society's decision making. | Science and Society | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.N.4.2 | Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and environmental. | Science and Society | Science | 912 | Nature of Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.1 | Differentiate among the four states of matter. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.2 | Differentiate between physical and chemical properties and physical and chemical changes of matter. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.3 | Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing changes in the atomic model over time and why those changes were necessitated by experimental evidence. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.4 | Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by describing the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, and differentiate among these particles in terms of their mass, electrical charges and locations within the atom. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.5 | Relate properties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their electrons. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.6 | Distinguish between bonding forces holding compounds together and other attractive forces, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.7 | Interpret formula representations of molecules and compounds in terms of composition and structure. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.8 | Characterize types of chemical reactions, for example: redox, acid-base, synthesis, and single and double replacement reactions. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.9 | Apply the mole concept and the law of conservation of mass to calculate quantities of chemicals participating in reactions. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.10 | Describe oxidation-reduction reactions in living and non-living systems. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.11 | Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxyl ion concentration and pH. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.12 | Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the diversity of carbon compounds possible. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.8.13 | Identify selected functional groups and relate how they contribute to properties of carbon compounds. | Matter | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.1 | Differentiate among the various forms of energy and recognize that they can be transformed from one form to others. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.2 | Explore the Law of Conservation of Energy by differentiating among open, closed, and isolated systems and explain that the total energy in an isolated system is a conserved quantity. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.3 | Compare and contrast work and power qualitatively and quantitatively. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.4 | Describe heat as the energy transferred by convection, conduction, and radiation, and explain the connection of heat to change in temperature or states of matter. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.5 | Relate temperature to the average molecular kinetic energy. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.6 | Create and interpret potential energy diagrams, for example: chemical reactions, orbits around a central body, motion of a pendulum. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.7 | Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic chemical processes. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.8 | Explain entropy's role in determining the efficiency of processes that convert energy to work. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.9 | Describe the quantization of energy at the atomic level. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.10 | Compare the magnitude and range of the four fundamental forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear). | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.11 | Explain and compare nuclear reactions (radioactive decay, fission and fusion), the energy changes associated with them and their associated safety issues. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.12 | Differentiate between chemical and nuclear reactions. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.13 | Relate the configuration of static charges to the electric field, electric force, electric potential, and electric potential energy. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.14 | Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.15 | Investigate and explain the relationships among current, voltage, resistance, and power. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.16 | Explain the relationship between moving charges and magnetic fields, as well as changing magnetic fields and electric fields, and their application to modern technologies. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.17 | Explore the theory of electromagnetism by explaining electromagnetic waves in terms of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.18 | Explore the theory of electromagnetism by comparing and contrasting the different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy, and relate them to phenomena and applications. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.19 | Explain that all objects emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation and distinguish between objects that are blackbody radiators and those that are not. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.20 | Describe the measurable properties of waves and explain the relationships among them and how these properties change when the wave moves from one medium to another. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.21 | Qualitatively describe the shift in frequency in sound or electromagnetic waves due to the relative motion of a source or a receiver. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.10.22 | Construct ray diagrams and use thin lens and mirror equations to locate the images formed by lenses and mirrors. | Energy | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.1 | Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities and assess which should be used to describe an event. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.2 | Analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration (with respect to a frame of reference) as functions of time. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.3 | Interpret and apply Newton's three laws of motion. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.4 | Describe how the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.5 | Apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to interactions, such as collisions between objects. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.6 | Qualitatively apply the concept of angular momentum. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.7 | Recognize that nothing travels faster than the speed of light in vacuum which is the same for all observers no matter how they or the light source are moving. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.8 | Recognize that Newton's Laws are a limiting case of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity at speeds that are much smaller than the speed of light. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.9 | Recognize that time, length, and energy depend on the frame of reference. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.10 | Interpret the behavior of ideal gases in terms of kinetic molecular theory. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.11 | Describe phase transitions in terms of kinetic molecular theory. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.12 | Explain how various factors, such as concentration, temperature, and presence of a catalyst affect the rate of a chemical reaction. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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| SC.912.P.12.13 | Explain the concept of dynamic equilibrium in terms of reversible processes occurring at the same rates. | Motion | Science | 912 | Physical Science |
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