HELP with Applied Behavior Analysis Chart

References

APA-formatted reference for Article 1: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gitimoghaddam, M., Chichkine, N., McArthur, L., Sangha, S. S., & Symington, V. (2022). Applied behavior analysis in children and youth with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 45(3), 521-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-022-00338-x

APA-formatted reference for Article 2: ABA in Education

Pennington, R. (2022). Applied behavior analysis in the classroom: A valuable partner in special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 54(4), 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1177/00400599221079130

APA-formatted reference for Article 3: Organizational Behavior Management

Giamos, D., Doucet, O., & Lèger, P.-M. (2024). Continuous performance feedback: Investigating the effects of feedback content and feedback sources on performance, motivation to improve performance, and task engagement. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 44(3), 194-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2023.2238029

Search

List the keywords you used for the searches you conducted in the scholarly databases, and explain your reasoning behind the choices you made. Describe the results you achieved.

Article 1:

Keywords used: applied behavior analysis, autism spectrum disorder, children, scoping review, intervention outcomes. These terms were chosen to synthesize research on ABA for ASD, rather than a single study. The term ‘scoping review’ limited the results to studies that broadly mapped existing evidence. PsycINFO and Google Scholar were used for searches. To be selected, the study had to include multiple intervention types and outcome domains, be published in a peer-reviewed, behavior-analytic journal, and be conducted in varied settings, which is why Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) was chosen.

Article 2:

Keywords used: applied behavior analysis, special education, classroom, evidence-based practice, teachers. The focus of these terms was the intersection of ABA and school-based practice. A combination of "classroom" and "special education" targeted towards students with disabilities. Searches in ERIC and PsycINFO yielded articles focused on practice, and Pennington (2022) was included because it was written by a credentialed BCBA-D in the field of special education and directly addresses how ABA principles operate in educational environments.

Article 3:

Keywords used: organizational behavior management, performance feedback, employee performance, feedback source. A key OBM topic is performance feedback, and using the phrase "organizational behavior management" maintains results within the behavioral science tradition. A search of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management and Google Scholar yielded a focused set of recent empirical studies. Giamos et al. (2024) were chosen for having original experimental data on the impact of feedback parameters on motivation and engagement and published in the flagship OBM journal.

Summary

How do the authors state the research question in each article? Summarize each article. What is the importance these studies bring to their specialization area and the field of behavior analysis?

· Each summary should be one paragraph consisting of 3–5 sentences. In your summary, focus on providing high-level information rather than details. Include information from the conclusion of the article.

Article 1:

Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) questioned what is the impact of ABA-based interventions on communication, social, and behavioral outcomes in children and youth with ASD in different settings. The review included 82 studies, which generally yielded positive outcomes in targeted domains but showed varying degrees of evidence quality, and the use of standardized outcome measures was inconsistent across studies. The authors identified that while ABA is the most widely validated intervention for ASD, they also wanted more rigorous and standardized research to better understand which parts of which interventions are most effective for whom. The review is significant to behavior analysis because it provides an up-to-date synthesis that practitioners and policymakers can use to guide service planning and resource allocation.

Article 2:

Pennington (2022) discussed the role of ABA principles as a tool for implementation in the special education classroom for students with significant learning and behavioral needs. The article proposed that these commonly used evidence-based practices are already in use in the field of behavioral science and that reframing ABA as an educational partner rather than a clinical specialty will make teachers more likely to adopt it. Pennington (2022) found that increased collaboration between BCBAs and educators makes meaningful improvements possible for students with disabilities. The article helps behavior analysts by advocating the application of behavior analysis across disciplines in the school context.

Article 3:

Giamos et al. (2024) investigated the impact of the content of continuous performance feedback (qualitative vs. quantitative) and the source of the feedback (person-mediated, computer-mediated, or absent) on employee performance, motivation to improve, and task engagement. The research used a task-based experiment with 36 participants, and the results indicated that person-mediated feedback had positive effects on all three outcomes, regardless of content type, and that quantitative feedback without a human source had positive effects on task performance. The authors found that qualitative feedback from a person is most effective in supporting motivation and engagement, whereas fully automated feedback systems may have a negative impact. This extends OBM by offering direct, empirical advice on how to design continuous feedback programs in today's organizations.

Implications and Social Significance

Discuss the implications of each article. State the social significance of the research.

Article 1:

The review conducted by Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) further emphasizes the importance of practitioners making informed choices and documenting their interventions using evidence-based practices and researchers using more consistent outcome measures. The social impact is great, as about 1 in every 36 children in the United States has ASD. Identifying which aspects of ABA are most effective for particular individuals has direct implications for educational placement, quality of life, and family well-being, and provides guidance for the efficient use of scarce resources to support interventions that have a true evidence base.

Article 2:

Pennington (2022) has implications for teacher preparation programs and for school-based BCBAs. Improved intervention fidelity and student outcomes result from educators' understanding of and appropriate application of behavioral principles. The social significance is that students with disabilities have the right to receive instruction in the least restrictive environment, as outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and effective ABA-informed practice often makes inclusive placement possible. The challenge of closing the "research to practice" divide is a professional and civil rights issue.

Article 3:

The findings of Giamos et al. (2024) are directly applicable to managers and OBM consultants in designing a performance management system. This discovery that person-mediated feedback has a greater effect on motivation than automated feedback contradicts the trend in organizations to provide feedback through technology. Socially, a lack of motivation and engagement can have a detrimental effect on employee well-being, retention, and organizational productivity, meaning feedback system design has both individual and economic impacts. This study underscores the enduring significance of the human touch in feedback delivery, especially in the current era of AI-powered performance monitoring in the workplace.

Compare, Contrast, and Synthesize

Compare the articles by stating what is similar about them. Contrast the articles by stating what differs between them. Synthesize the articles by drawing on information from all three and drawing a new conclusion or making a point about the combined information.

Compare

Each of the three articles is based on applied behavior analysis and emphasizes the use of behavior principles to effect measurable, real-world change. All address the impact of structured interventions on target behaviors for children with ASD, students in classrooms, or staff in organizations. All three make systematic, data-based practice a central component of effectiveness, and each builds on past ABA research to make evidence-based recommendations for practitioners. These articles also assume that interventions need to be individualized and context-sensitive to achieve meaningful outcomes.

Contrast

There are differences in the populations, settings, methods, and scope of the three articles. Gitimoghaddam et al., (2022) conducted a scoping review of 82 studies of children with clinical and therapeutic ASD. Pennington (2022) is a practice commentary for school-based educators that contains no new data and, as such, is a translational contribution. Giamos et al. (2024) did an original experiment with adult participants in a simulated workplace and created new quantitative data. The target behaviors also varied: Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) monitored communication, socialization, and challenging behavior; Pennington (2022) monitored academic skill acquisition and classroom behavior; and Giamos et al. (2024) monitored task performance, motivation, and engagement. These differences provide a glimpse into the application of the same base of the behavioral sciences across areas of specialization in the field of ASD, education, and organizational.

Synthesize

Together, the three articles make the case that applied behavior analysis is a broadly applicable, evidence-based, flexible framework that is not limited to clinical use with individuals with ASD. Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) and Pennington (2022) demonstrate how principles of behavior can create significant changes in development and learning, and Giamos et al. (2024) demonstrate how these same principles of systematic feedback and reinforcement can lead to performance increases in organizational contexts. One conclusion that can be drawn from all three sources is that ABA practices are just as effective in any domain as the extent to which they are applied in ways that support their core principles of individualized assessment, targeted feedback, and continuous measurement. The same behavioral infrastructure is the foundation for effective intervention, whether the behavior is targeted for a child with ASD who is learning to communicate, a student with a disability in the classroom, or an employee who wants to be more motivated.

Credibility

List and explain the criteria you used to evaluate the credibility of each article you selected.

Article 1:

Gitimoghaddam et al. (2022) fulfills all three credibility criteria. It was published within the 5-7-year age window of recency. It is behavior-analytic, covers ABA interventions for children with ASD, and is published in Perspectives on Behavior Science, an Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI)- affiliated journal. The article has been thoroughly peer-reviewed to meet the journal's editorial standards, and the authors are affiliated with recognized research universities, supporting the article's rigor.

Article 2:

All three criteria are met in Pennington (2022). It was published in 2022 therefore it is recent. It is behavior-analytic, based on ABA principles, and written by a BCBA-D with experience in both behavior analysis and special education. It is published in Teaching Exceptional Children, a peer-reviewed journal of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), meaning manuscripts undergo formal expert review prior to publication.

Article 3:

All three criteria are fulfilled in the case of Giamos et al. (2024). It was published in 2024, making it quite recent. It is behavior-analytic, a report of original experimental research within an OBM framework. It appeared in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, the official peer-reviewed publication of the OBM Network, where all manuscripts are triply-blinded by three to four independent referees. It is credible because it is very tightly written, it has original empirical data, and it's very clearly written as a behavioral science process.