Art
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ARTS208OnlineClass1.pptxARTS 208: Baroque Through Modern Art History
Discussing Artwork
Form:
Refers to the visual aspects of art. Can also refer to a 3D figure in a work of art.
Formal elements:
the variety of visual qualities that make up a piece of art
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Formal Elements
Line
Shape
Color
Value
Light
Style
Subject Matter
Texture
Space
Composition
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Line and Shape
Shape: a 2D area defined by an outline or contour
Geometric shape: regular shape (circle, square, triangle, etc.)
Biomorphic/organic shape: suggests living things
Image: Piet Mondrian, ”Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow,” 1937-1942
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Color and Value
Color/hue: different wavelengths of electromagnetic energy that our eyes perceive as different colors
Primary colors: colors that are used to form all known hues (red, yellow, blue)
Secondary colors: hues formed from mixing 2 primary colors (orange, green, violet)
Complementary colors: colors directly opposite one another on color wheel
Value: relative degree of lightness/darkness of a color
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Space and Composition
Space: what contains forms/shapes. Can be 2D within a work or art, or 3D in the real world (with sculpture for example)
Composition: the arrangement and organization of forms/shapes in a piece of art.
Images: Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece, 1428; M.C. Escher
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Style and Subject Matter
Style: what makes a piece of art distinctive; a combo of formal elements. Style is how work of a particular artist can be recognized and how art is placed in a particular time or place.
Subject matter: what is actually depicted in a work of art, and also what the artist might be implying through symbolism.
Image: Pablo Picasso, “Girl Before a Mirror,” 1932.
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Texture
Texture: the tactile quality of a surface. Can refer to the actual surface of the artwork, or the perceived texture.
Image: Vincent Van Gogh, “Starry Night,” 1889.
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Key Terms
Naturalism:
A method of artistic expression that produces images that are true to life.
Representational/figurative art:
Art that depicts natural recognizable natural forms or created objects.
Illusionism:
When a representational picture or sculpture is so convincingly portrayed that it may be mistaken for the real thing.
Key Terms: Style
Idealized:
Depicting an object according to an accepted standard of beauty (which changes depending on culture and time period)
Stylized:
Depicting certain features as nonorganic surface elements rather than naturalistically or realistically
Romanticized:
Depicting a subject in a nostalgic, fanciful, or mysterious way.
Key Terms
Nonrepresentational or nonfigurative art:
The work of art does not depict real figures or objects, or depicts them in a way that does not look real
Abstract:
Describes forms that do not accurately depict real objects. The artist may be attempting to represent an emotion, or the essence of an ojbect rather than an actual object.
BAROQUE ART
Refers to art in Europe from the end of the 16th century through 1750
Key Terms
Baldacchino:
A canopy generally placed over an altar or throne; in Baroque art, baldacchinos are typically a permanent architectural or sculptural feature seen often in cathedrals. Also called a baldachin or ciborium.
Nave:
The central area of a church where the congregation gathers; it extends from the entrance of the church (the narthex) to the sanctuary or altar at the front.
Apse:
A large semicircular recess in a church, generally over the altar.
Colonnade:
A row of columns supporting a roof or other structure.
Politics in the 17th Century
Thirty Years War: 1618-1648
Treaty of Westphalia: 1648. ended the war and established national sovereignty
Age of Absolutism: rulers wanted to exercise total power over their countries
Major trade center in 17th century: Amsterdam
England and France: major colonial/commercial powers in 18th century
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Baroque Style
Emotional, unrestrained, energetic style
Naturalism: Baroque art often depicted nature itself, and depicted realistic subjects
Color and light are dramatically contrasted in Baroque art
Architecture, painting, sculpture, etc. all shifted from Renaissance constraint to new forms in the Baroque era
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St. Peter’s Basilica
Reconstructed St. Peter’s finished in the Baroque era
Gianlorenzo Bernini: the official architect of St. Peter’s
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Old St. Peter’s versus New St. Peter’s
Bernini’s Baldacchino, St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome (1624-1633)
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Borromini’s San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (Rome, 1665-1667)
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Borromini’s ) Collegiate Church of Sant’Ivo della Sapienza (Rome, 1642-1660)
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Baroque France: the Louvre (Paris, 1667-1670)
Baroque French architecture: more restrained and Classical than Baroque Italy
The Louvre: the royal palace of King Louis (now an art museum), designed by Charles Le Brun, Louis Le Vau, and Claude Perrault
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Palace of Versailles (1661-1708)
Château:
A fine country estate or castle.
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Baroque Sculpture: Bernini’s Pluto and Proserpina
Bernini, 1622, marble
Showcases the emotion, drama, and theatrics of Baroque sculpture; it draws the viewer into its dramatic tale
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Bernini: Cornaro Chapel in Santa Maria Della Vittoria (1640s)
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Baroque Painting
Annibale Carracci (known for classical yet dramatic painting)
Caravaggio (known for realism)
Pietro da Cortona (known for elaborate church ceiling frescos)
Baciccio (known for ceiling frescos)
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Annibale Carracci: Grand Gallery, Farnese Palace, Rome (1597-1601)
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Annibale Carracci: Crucifixion (1583)
Caravaggio: Amor Vincit Omnia (left); Supper at Emmaus (right)
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Tenebrism
Tenebrism:
The use of sharply contrasting light and dark in painting; used extensively by Caravaggio.
Artemisia Gentileschi (Self Portrait, left; Judith Slaying Holofernes, right)
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Baroque Painting in Northern Europe
Peter Paul Rubens
Anthony van Dyck
Rembrandt van Rijn
Frans Hals
Judith Leyster
Jan Vermeer
Jacob van Ruisdael
Maria van Oosterwyck
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Peter Paul Rubens: Venus and Adonis, 1635
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Rubens: Triptych, Antwerp Cathedral
Triptych: a painting or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.
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Rembrandt van Rijn: Nightwatch
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Rembrandt: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1632
An example of a completely secular subj
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Spanish Baroque Painting: Diego Velazquez (image: Las Meninas, 1656)
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