The four components of this Population Health Care Delivery Project include:

Running head: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONGST YOUTHS 1

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONGST THE YOUTHS 8

Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst the Youths

Name

Course

Instructor

Date

Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst the Youths

Introduction

In the United States, the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is on the increment rate. STI incidence is more profound in young individuals more so of the age of (15-24 years). With regards to Centre for Disease Control and Prevention report in 2012, adolescents being only a quarter of the entire U.S population contribute to half of the STI cases in the United Kingdom (Liu et al., 2015). Therefore, for improved mitigation as well as control of the disease, this paper reviews strategic approaches for the assessment of the condition amongst the youths, excluding immunodeficiency virus, in adolescents.

Social Determinants and Diverse Communities for STDs

In the United States, several factors lead to increased prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Some of the underlying determinants include; inadequate surveillance and quality care services, sex ratio, racial discrimination, inequality as well as poverty. Firstly, poverty accrues to increased STDs cases because the youths go for sex as cheaper ways of generating income. Sex ratio also contributes to the prevalence. Thirdly is the poor quality healthcare in which there are fewer strategic mechanisms for prevention and control of STDs amongst the youths. Segregation stands for the existing disparities amongst communities resulting in physical proximity. Segregation also portrays apparent STD disparities, thus forming determinants for overlapping social determinants. Additionally, environmental factors also play a critical role in the prevalence of STDs amongst the youths (Newton-Levinson et al., 2016). Such considerations provide for social construction and internalized communities. Similarly, the other factor is inadequate healthcare facilities. Areas with poor healthcare services constitute higher rates of chlamydia and syphilis infections as compared to zones with better treatment mechanisms. Access to mental services also provides a clue to the handling of such diseases, thus leading to reduced cases of mental disorders. Finally, is the SES (Socioeconomic Status). At all levels, unemployment and poverty lead to segregation and residential instability. Institutionalized poverty and exclusion, therefore, contributes to increased STDs cases in the United States. Consequently, it is right to say that social determinants play a profound role in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections amongst youths. Equally, this is also influenced by the evolution of human communities and the people themselves. Therefore, to effectively understand this disorder, it considered wise to interpret increased inequality, globalization, and also urbanization for prevention and control of STI epidemics in the United States.

Community Infrastructure Variables

Generally, effective healthcare stations and affordable delivery systems form aspects for community infrastructure. The epidemiology of STDs has changed drastically in the United States due to baseless and unregulated community healthcare. Lack of screening centres, as well as counselling centres also play a significant role in the prevalence of STDs. Mostly, there is fewer counselling stations in every community, thus leading to an increased incidence of the disease (Cuffe et al., 2016). Therefore, it is right to claim that the youths estimate half of the American STI cases. Therefore, several research data should be provided by scholars to aid in the monitoring efforts for the prevention and control of the disease. With the continually trending rate of gonorrhoea and chlamydia, I stand out to recommend abstinence amongst the youths as the effective way of reducing the risk. Similarly, is the use of protection to prevent the contraction of the STIs. Therefore, the goals and all the interventions should be centred towards the promotion of healthy behaviors, control, and prevention of contraction of STDs as well as strengthening societal capacity for the increased access to quality healthcare services. Additionally, the variability in the economic and socio-cultural status of the communities also leads to increased epidemiology. In the United States, a high prevalence of chlamydia and trichomonas’s is witnessed in lower-income areas. This is because such areas lack substantial caring and quality facilities for the control and prevention of the disorder. Therefore, I conclude that the economic burden of STIs leads to delayed diagnosis of STDs in communities with poor infrastructure in the United States.

Analysis for STDs (World Health Organization, Minnesota Dept. Of Health, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)

For the past years, epidemiology has led to escalation and the re-emergence of congenital syphilis, gonorrhoea and also other sexual transmissions. The prevalence of the disorder has led to challenging problems in controlling and prevention the gonococci disease. Therefore, amongst the youths, a more significant percentage has been rendered susceptible to STIs in the United States.

Statistically, it’s argued that one in two sexually active individuals contact the STIs disease at the age of 25. With the report of Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 20 million of the STI infections are reported every year and a half being the youths (15-24) (Newman et al., 2015). Additionally, the STI statistics revealed that young individuals were tested, and 12% were positive. The direct costs of the youths with STI estimates to $16 billion. In the population, 80% of sexually active individuals had STIs infection.

Findings

A survey conducted on January 31st, 2017, revealed that a total of 1342 young individuals (15-24 years), a more significant percentage (67%) tested positive. A sample of 645 who enrolled was used as a reflection of the entire population (Newman et al., 2015). Techniques for gathering data included; testing for syphilis and gonorrhea, vaginal swabs (ladies), and lastly, urine collection (the males).

Collectively the participants were not embarrassed and most of the agreed that is was a painful exercise. The results had it that STI prevalence was high in females than males 11% and 4.5% respectively. According to World Health Organization, the prevalence of STDs indicates chlamydia in men ((12.6%; 95% CI 6.4%–23.3%)) and women (6.8%–19.3%; 20–24 years: 10.2%; 95% CI 6.0%–16.9%) of age 20-24 years. Sequentially, gonorrhoea was more in women (12%), the youths as compared to men. (3.4%). (Buffardi et al., 2008) Syphilis prevalence was 0.6% for men and 4.6% for women, the youths. From the findings, it was realized that people aged 20-24 years had the highest prevalence of STDs.

Risk Assessment Criteria and Screening Tool

Generally screening tools and risk assessment forms the basic part of the authenticity of the research. Every research or study is based on only reliable sources for the aviation of the discussed sources. This paper provides screening tool and risk assessment strategies for the safety concerns of the U. S population.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I stand out to recommend heath agencies to work together with the government for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections amongst the youths. Every organization should work with the vision of monitoring the aspects of sexually transmitted infections for the alienation of the disease within the U.S population (Cuffe et al., 2016). Consistent trending of STDs amongst the youths is worrying and therefore, high quality healthcare should be a guarantee with effective distribution of resources within the United States for the controlling and prevention of STDs.

References

Buffardi, A. L., Thomas, K. K., Holmes, K. K., & Manhart, L. E. (2008). Moving upstream: ecosocial and psychosocial correlates of sexually transmitted infections among young adults in the United States. American journal of public health, 98(6), 1128-1136.

Cuffe, K. M., Newton-Levinson, A., Gift, T. L., McFarlane, M., & Leichliter, J. S. (2016). Sexually transmitted infection testing among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(5), 512-519.

Da Ros, C. T., & da Silva Schmitt, C. (2008). Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases. Asian journal of andrology, 10(1), 110-114.

Liu, G., Hariri, S., Bradley, H., Gottlieb, S. L., Leichliter, J. S., & Markowitz, L. E. (2015). Trends and patterns of sexual behaviors among adolescents and adults aged 14 to 59 years, United States. Sexually transmitted diseases, 42(1), 20-26.

Newman, L., Rowley, J., Vander Hoorn, S., Wijesooriya, N. S., Unemo, M., Low, N., ... & Temmerman, M. (2015). Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PloS one, 10(12), e0143304.

Newton-Levinson, A., Leichliter, J. S., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2016). Sexually transmitted infection services for adolescents and youth in low-and middle-income countries: perceived and experienced barriers to accessing care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(1), 7-16.