Week 6 Milestone : ODD

Final Project Milestone One: Final Presentation Topic: The Development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Childhood

Shalonte Cross

Southern New Hampshire University

PSY 314: Disorders if Childhhood/Adolescence

Cheryl Hyland Ed.D., M.Ed.

July 21, 2024

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is the subject I have selected for my final project (ODD). Choosing a strategy for this childhood condition might be difficult because there are several different approaches that can be used. I have chosen to concentrate on how interactions between parents and children impact the emergence of ODD. The main focus of my talk will be on how, what, and when the relationship between parents and child factors into affecting a child's development of ODD on an individual basis. 

Understanding how the relationship and interaction between a parent and a child affects the development of ODD is something that truly piques my interest. My goal is to look into the roles that both parents and children play in the development of the diagnosis. I want to figure out what makes these parent-child factors affect development. I would also like to discuss when these aspects or factors have the biggest effects on growth in a child. Furthermore, I want to determine which factor or influence has a bigger impact: the child's reaction or the parent's influence.

I am extremely intrigued regarding the development of ODD. I am curious to learn about how parent-child interactions primarily impact the emergence of ODD. I am also excited to become more knowledgeable regarding the ins and outs of the development of ODD in a child. 

PSY 314 Milestone Four Critical Analysis Paper Guidelines and Rubric

Overview

The final project for this course is a presentation of 10 to 15 slides on a specific topic selected and proposed in Module Two, and approved by the instructor in Module Three. You have thus far created a bibliography and an outline. Academics often use the writing process to refine and clarify their ideas. Approaching the same material in many different ways (e.g., outline, writing, presentation) allows you to fully understand your issue and draw insightful conclusions. Remember, you are not just reporting research in the final presentation; you are integrating your own ideas, assertions, and beliefs drawn from the research. This short paper is designed to help you refine your thesis and argument assertions, double-check your research, and expand and clarify your ideas before crystallizing those ideas into a succinct and visually appealing PowerPoint presentation.

Assignment Instructions In a short paper, write an overview and an analysis of your selected topic. Include the following elements:

· Include a title page and references page.

· Divide the paper into three separately labeled parts:

· Part 1: Provide an overview of the disorder—how it is diagnosed and what its symptoms are. Provide a thesis statement reflecting your position on the most effective intervention(s) for this particular disorder.

· Part 2: Write a critical analysis of the causes and interventions for this particular disorder. Critique the arguments and facts about specific causes and specific interventions. Acknowledge which arguments are convincing and why. Refute arguments that you believe are inconsistent or illogical.

· Part 3: Reconsider your position in light of new facts and insights discussed in your paper.

· Each point, both those gleaned from research and your own opinions, should be supported by critical thinking and research.

What to Submit

This short paper assignment should follow these formatting guidelines: double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and APA-style citations. Page length requirements: 3-4 pages.

2

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Shalonte Cross

Southern New Hampshire University

PSY 324: Disorders of Childhood/Asolescence

Cheryl Hyland Ed.D., M.Ed.

August 12, 2024

Outline for Presentation on Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

Thesis Statement: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behavior disorder that requires early diagnosis and a multifaceted treatment approach combining behavioral therapy, family interventions, and medication to mitigate its impact on children and their caregivers.

I. Introduction

· Definition of ODD

· Disruptive behavior disorder characterized by an ongoing pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness​ (Hawes et al., 2023).

· Prevalence and demographic factors: affect 3-5% of the population, more common in males than females before adolescence​ (Hawes et al., 2023).

II. Challenges of ODD

· Impact on the Child

· Social and academic difficulties

· Increased risk of developing other mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression​ (Burke et al., 2022; Nobakht et al., 2024).

· Impact on Caregivers

· Increased stress and frustration (Lin et al., 2022).

· Potential for strained family relationships and parental mental health issues

III. Risk Factors and Etiology

· Genetic and Environmental Factors

· Interaction of genetic predispositions and environmental stressors​ (Hawes et al., 2023).

· Role of family dynamics and socioeconomic status (Lin et al., 2022).

· Bullying Victimization and Emotion Regulation

· Correlation between poor emotion regulation, bullying victimization, and increased ODD symptoms​ (Nobakht et al., 2024).

IV. Treatment Opportunities

· Behavioral Interventions

· Parent Management Training (PMT)

· Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for children (Fooladvand et al., 2021).

· Family Interventions

· Family therapy focusing on improving communication and reducing conflict​ (Lin et al., 2022).

· Pharmacological Treatments

· Use of medications in severe cases to manage co-occurring symptoms​ (Arias et al., 2021).

V. Current Research and Future Directions

· Recent Findings

· Importance of early intervention and tailored treatment plans (Burke et al., 2022; Lin et al., 2022)​.

· Studies on emotion regulation as a protective factor (Nobakht et al., 2024).

· Future Research

· Need for more longitudinal studies to understand long-term outcomes and efficacy of different treatment modalities (Dachew et al., 2021).

· Exploration of genetic markers and neurobiological underpinnings of ODD (Bonham et al., 2021).

VI. Conclusion

· Summary of Key Points

· Importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment approach

· Emphasis on multifaceted interventions involving behavioral, familial, and pharmacological strategies

· Call to Action

· Increased awareness and resources for early intervention programs

· Continued research to enhance understanding and treatment of ODD

Bibliography

Arias, V. B., Aguayo, V., & Navas, P. (2021). Validity of DSM-5 oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in children with intellectual disability. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(4), 1977.

Bonham, M. D., Shanley, D. C., Waters, A. M., & Elvin, O. M. (2021). Inhibitory control deficits in children with oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder compared to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49, 39-62.

Burke, J. D., Evans, S. C., & Carlson, G. A. (2022). Debate: Oppositional defiant disorder is a real disorder. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(3), 297-299.

Dachew, B. A., Scott, J. G., Heron, J. E., Ayano, G., & Alati, R. (2021). Association of maternal depressive symptoms during the perinatal period with oppositional defiant disorder in children and adolescents. JAMA Network Open, 4(9), e2125854-e2125854.

Fooladvand, M., Nadi, M. A., Abedi, A., & Sajjadian, I. (2021). Parenting styles for children with oppositional defiant disorder: Scope review. Journal of education and health promotion, 10(1), 21.

Hawes, D. J., Gardner, F., Dadds, M. R., Frick, P. J., Kimonis, E. R., Burke, J. D., & Fairchild, G. (2023). Oppositional defiant disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 9(1), 31.

Lin, X., He, T., Heath, M., Chi, P., & Hinshaw, S. (2022). A systematic review of multiple family factors associated with oppositional defiant disorder. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 10866.

Nobakht, H. N., Steinsbekk, S., & Wichstrøm, L. (2024). Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: the role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 65(3), 343-353.