Sounds

Q1. One  reason that we cannot use English orthography to reason about the  sounds of natural languages is that not all the sounds of the world’s  languages appear in English. Give an example of a sound (represented by  way of an IPA symbol) that does not appear in English, together with the  name of the language where your sound appears and a word from that  language where this sound appears.

Q2.  In fact, we cannot even use English orthography to talk about the  sounds of English. The reason is that the mapping between English  orthography and the sounds of English (as represented in the IPA) is a  many-to-many map.

     a. the same letter corresponds to multiple sounds.

Give  an example of this situation -- to do this, you should give a letter  that in different words is mapped to different sounds. Give the words in  English orthography and in IPA to make your point.

     b. the same IPA symbol corresponds to multiple letters.

Give  an example of this situation -- to do this, you should give an IPA  symbol that in different words is mapped to different letters. Give the  words in IPA and in English orthography  to make your point.

Q3.  2a and 2b are enough to show that we have a many-many map. But the  situation is even more dire. Sometimes there are letters in particular  words that go unpronounced. Give an example of a word where this  happens.