Psychology draft assignment

nikkieramsey

Please help with assignment 

  • 2 years ago
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Feedback.docx

Feedback Please note when completing presentation

Please include the number of participants when possible in the table. This is a good start. Please see comments in purple tbas and rubric. Where are all of these article coming from if you just selected three? Please clarify that method section. The beginning of the paper is confusing and needs a lot of work. Let me know if you need help.

instructions.docx

Instructions for PowerPoint presentation

please follow your outline and provide rationale for your study. Begin your presentation with your research question, followed by your search terms in the literature, the total number of articles you have found currently that meet your inclusion criteria (also include those). You may still be screening studies, so include only those you are sure you plan to include. Finalize the presentation with your conclusions and any box count data you have of your outcomes reviewed so far.

Be sure to include images and relatively little text. Use voice-over

Final_Recording_SocialIsolation_Sample.pptx

Social isolation in young adults

Department of Psychology

Saint Leo University

Nicole Williams

Abstract

Social isolation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause for concern in the young adult generation. Unfortunately, prior literature is limited in the study of this construct for this particular age cohort, but research can be guided by the extensive literature on social isolation in older adults. The proposed study attempts to examine the effect of the pandemic on social connectedness. I hypothesize that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived social isolation in young adults has significantly increased. I expect to find that the national quarantine resulted in higher levels of perceived social isolation in young adults. One possible explanation for anticipated results revolve around time and curfew restrictions which resulted in less meaningful interpersonal interactions, restricting intimacy and exacerbating feelings of loneliness.

Keywords: Social Isolation, young adults, COVID-19, pandemic

Introduction

Social isolation generally includes the absence of social interactions, social contacts, and social relationships with family, friends, and society as a whole. Social isolation is often used synonymously and interchangeably with loneliness.

Risk Factors: Pandemic Exasperators

Mortality Forced Isolation
Depression No social networking
Cog. Impairment Decreased social trust
Functional Status Facility shut-downs

Hypothesis: As a results of the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived social isolation in young adults significantly increased.

Risk factors are guided by the literature on social isolation in older adults. (Courtin & Knapp, 2017; Hold-Lunstad et al., 2015; Shankar et al., 2017)

-Lack of social trust (Pew Research Center, 2020)

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method

Participants

Convenience sampling

Bulletin Board announcements and online flyers

Sample size: 50 (male and female)

Inclusion Criteria

Aged 18-29

Ability to provide informed consent

English speaking

U.S resident

Materials and Procedure

Complete online demographic assessment

Age, gender, annual household income, and highest level of education

Memory-inducing prompt- Life before COVID

Complete abbreviated Lubben’s Social Network Scale

6 Likert-style questions

Internal reliability = 0.83

Present day redirection

Complete LSN a second time

Debrief

Lubben, J. (1988). Assessing social networks among elderly populations. Family & CommunityHealth: The Journal of Health Promotion & Maintenance, 11, 42-52.Lubben, J., Blozik, E., Gillmann, G., IIiffe, S., von Renteln Kruse, W., Beck, J. C., & Stuck, A.E. (2006). Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scaleamong three European Community–dwelling older adult populations. Gerontologist,46(4), 503–513.

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Lubben social network scales

Results

Hypothesis Restated: The COVID-19 pandemic increased perceptions of social isolation and loneliness in young adults

Descriptive Statistics

Means, standard deviations, frequencies, and variance

Repeated measures t test (dependent t test)

IV: Two categorical related groups

Pre-post

Same subjects in each group (within)

DV: Continuous- Interval level

Social Isolation scored on a scale ranging from 0-30

Expected Results:

Significant difference supporting the notion of more perceptions of increased social isolation and loneliness in the post-pandemic condition

Could also run a repeated-measures ANOVA

Before: Chi-square test- The nominal level categories are interpreted as (1= pre-quarantine, 2= post quarantine) and (1= socially isolated, 2= not socially isolated).The cross tabulation will concurrently display the distributions, indicating whether or not the variables are associate

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Discussion

Possible Outcomes

The quarantine resulted in higher levels of perceived social isolation.

Logic: Interplay between objective and subjective variables.

Time and curfew restrictions resulted in less meaningful interpersonal interactions, restricting intimacy and exacerbating feelings of loneliness.

Logic: The idea that the opposite of social isolation and loneliness is not the absence of it.

Limitations

Participants inability to recall life events before the start of the pandemic

Survey methodology way contribute participant bias

Give responses that are expected

Convenience sampling

Lack of generalizability

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Discussion- Future research

Compare Means

Assuming the anticipated results are found, future studies could run a single sample t-test given the mean from this study’s data and compare it to pre-pandemic, young adult, social isolation population data

Age Cohorts

As mentioned previously, the data for social isolation in older adults in extensive. This study will provide data on young adults, but the literature will still be lacking in data from middle aged adults.

Comorbidity

Social isolation and loneliness are known risk factories for mental and physical health related diseases. The interplay between psychological and physiological morbidities. Future research should test effects of comorbid interactions on SI

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references

Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scopingreview. Health & social care in the community, 25(3), 799–812.https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12311

Health Resources & Services. (2019). The loneliness epidemic. Retrieved from https://www.hrsa.gov/enews/past-issues/2019/january-17/loneliness-epidemic

Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness andsocial isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives onpsychological science: a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 10(2),227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352

Lubben, J. (1988). Assessing social networks among elderly populations. Family & CommunityHealth: The Journal of Health Promotion & Maintenance, 11, 42-52

Lubben, J., Blozik, E., Gillmann, G., IIiffe, S., von Renteln Kruse, W., Beck, J. C., & Stuck, A.E. (2006). Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scaleamong three European Community–dwelling older adult populations. Gerontologist,46(4), 503–513

Pew Research Center. (2020). The state of Americans’ trust in each other amid the COVID-19pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/06/the-state-of-americans-trust-in-each-other-amid-the-covid-19-pandemic/

Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Demakakos, P., Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2017). Social isolationand loneliness: Prospective associations with functional status in older adults. Healthpsychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, AmericanPsychological Association, 36(2), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000437

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Introduction_Capstoneproject_review_MarthaRamsey-31563613.pdf
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Outlineandboxscore_MarthaRamsey-3190169.pdf
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SAMPLE_CAPSTONEREVIEWPROPOSAL.pdf
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