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Week9-Lecture3-ObamaTrumpYears.pptx
Week8-Lecture2-Sexuality_Gender_80s.pptx
Week6-Lecture3-Feminism_GayLiberation.pptx
Week9-Lecture2-Bush_911_War.pptx
Week9-Lecture3-ObamaTrumpYears.pptx
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Week8-Lecture2-Sexuality_Gender_80s.pptx
Sexuality, Gender, and Power in the 1980s: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Welfare queen
The feminization of poverty
Operation Rescue
AIDS
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)
The Conservative Social Agenda in the 1980s
Opposed abortion, sex ed.
Supported school prayer
Reagan appointed over 350 federal judges, 3 S.C. justices, and Chief Justice Rehnquist
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
S.C. endorsed new limits on abortion
Rep. Party platform more openly conservative, anti-feminist
Reagan and Welfare
1970s-80s: payments through Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) declined by nearly 50%
States implemented more strict welfare rules
Myth of the Chicago “welfare queen”
The Welfare Queen
“There is a woman in Chicago. She has 80 names, 30 addresses, 12 Social Security cards, and is collecting veterans’ benefits on four non-existing deceased husbands.” --Ronald Reagan
Questions (2 mins)
1. How did Reagan’s use of the city of Chicago shape the image of the welfare queen? Why does Chicago appear so often in campaign talking points about welfare, crime, etc.?
2. How do you think this story about the welfare queen shaped popular ideas about the program?
The Feminization of Poverty
Feminization of poverty: a disproportionate share of world’s poor are women
Pay gap between men and women
Declining payments via AFDC
Women pay greater share of costs for child rearing
Battling Roe v. Wade in the Streets
Operation Rescue used tactics from civil rights movement to oppose abortion
Slogan: “If you believe abortion is murder, act like it’s murder.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwrdtTX0Tpc
The AIDS Crisis
AIDS: caused by the HIV virus; transmitted through bodily fluids; attacks the human immune system.
First detected among gay men in early 1980s
Conservatives saw AIDS as punishment for immoral behavior
By 1986, 12,000 people per year were dying of AIDS
AIDS: The Federal Response
Reagan denied special grants to 11 cities seeking to address crisis
Budget cuts at Public Health Service
1985: Reagan first mentioned AIDS publicly
AIDS not a top priority in Reagan White House
ACT UP
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)
ACT UP led a march of 500,000 in NYC in 1987
Led primarily by gay white men
AIDS and Public Awareness
Activists challenged perception that AIDS is a “gay disease”
Spread of AIDS among IV drug users, heterosexuals, recipients of blood transfusions, etc.
1991: Earvin “Magic” Johnson announced he had HIV virus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbdOQUARrEU
“Living with AIDS”
Since 2000, new AIDS diagnoses in US declined by 20%
AIDS remains major problem in Africa, other parts of developing world
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Week6-Lecture3-Feminism_GayLiberation.pptx
Feminism and gay liberation: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Feminism: First and Second Waves
Commission on the Status of Women
The Feminine Mystique
National Organization for Women
Equal Rights Amendment
Consciousness raising
Title IX
Roe v. Wade
Stonewall Riots/Rebellion
Gay Power
Waves of Feminism
First Wave: 19th/early 20th c. focus on women’s suffrage,
Second Wave: 1960s/70s: Focus on equal access, workplace, sexuality, family and reproductive rights, sexual violence, patriarchy
Feminism, a working definition: a set of ideas and social movements devoted to the pursuit of greater social, political, economic, and individual rights and opportunities for women.
Status of Women, 1960: A Snapshot
40% of women in paid workforce
35% of college and university enrollments
Difficulties accessing credit
Limited civil rights (jury service)
Limited access to birth control, abortion
Widespread sexual harassment
Mad Men (image on right): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EI3K8_U40j0
Federal Action
Commission on the Status of Women (1961, image on left)
American Women (1963): reports on major barriers to women’s equity
Equal Pay Act (1963)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
The feminine Mystique
Betty Friedan (on right), The Feminine Mystique (1963)
FM: “the problem that has no name”
Emphasis on women’s domestic roles leaves many unfulfilled, unhappy
The National Organization for Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966 with Betty Friedan as first president
NOW’s purpose: “to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men…”
The National Organization for Women (NOW), Part 2
Focus on rights in the workplace, including maternity leaves; child care centers; reproductive rights; Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Defeat of ERA
NOW: Predominantly white, middle-class membership
Radical Feminism
Persistence of sexism (even within freedom movements) radicalizes many women
“Girls say yes to guys who say no”
Many radical feminists form their own groups (Radical New York women, Redstockings, Radicalesbians,)
Focus on consciousness raising, attacking patriarchy
1968-69 Protest of Miss America Pageant (on left)
Major Victories
Increasing numbers of women in colleges/universities
Title IX (1972): equal rights for girls/women in education
Growth of women’s athletics
Roe v. Wade (1973): abortion rights. Overturned in 2022.
Gay Liberation
Major legal, political, social barriers faced by LGBTQ community
Boys Beware (1961): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qErM3GavlU0
Mattachine Society (on left): an early gay rights group that challenged workplace discrimination; laws against ”immoral”/homosexual conduct
Stonewall and “Gay Power”
Growing radicalization of gay rights activists in 1960s
Stonewall Riots/Rebellion (1969)
Gay Power
Remembering Stonewall
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Week9-Lecture2-Bush_911_War.pptx
George W. Bush, 9/11, and the War on Terror: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Compassionate Conservatism
Bush v. Gore
No Child Left Behind Act (2002)
Hurricane Katrina
September 11, 2001
USA Patriot Act (2001)
Bush Doctrine
Iraq War
Abu Ghraib Prison
The Great Recession
Subprime lending
Reverse redlining
Ownership society
Racial Wealth Gap
The Presidential Election of 2000
George W. Bush (Rep.) v. Al Gore (Dem.)
Ralph Nader (Green) ran also, winning 2.74 % of popular vote
Gore, the favorite, ran on economic record of Clinton administration
Bush promised tax cuts, social conservatism, but with more compassion (compassionate conservatism)
Very close election. Gore won popular vote, Bush won more electoral college votes and, therefore, the election.
Bush v. Gore (2000): Supreme Court orders end to recounting of votes in Florida (see right), resulting in Bush’s victory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3os_Vw1Eoo
Bush’s Domestic Policies
Major tax cuts (2001, 2003) totaling over $1.65 trillion
Created a major budget deficit of $1 trillion
Cuts favored wealthy over poor
Withdrew from Kyoto Protocol on climate change
Deregulation
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002: new standards for public schools tied to funding
Hurricane Katrina
August 2005: Hurricane Katrina hits US Gulf Coast
Destroyed flood control levees, resulting in massive flooding in 80% of New Orleans, a poor and heavily African American city
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFYRBWII_DU
Resulted in New Orleans becoming whiter and wealthier city
“George Bush doesn’t care about black people.” –Kanye West, 2005
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJUNTcOGeSw
9/11
Nineteen hijackers flew planes into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in NYC, the Pentagon (DC), and a field in Pennsylvania. September 11, 2001.
3,000 Killed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I6i0crmZMU
Hijackers members of Osama bin Laden’s Al Qaeda terrorist organization.
Attackers angry at us foreign policy in Middle East, Persian gulf war, and US troops stationed in Saudi Arabia
9/11: The Aftermath
Brief moment of unity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeVEUNI-Cuo
Arrest and detention of thousands of Muslims in US
Thousands of attacks on Muslims and turban-wearing Sikh immigrants
Overthrow of Taliban govt. in Afghanistan
USA Patriot Act (2001) gave federal govt. new powers to monitor suspected terrorists
Bush Doctrine: New, more aggressive strategy to defeat terrorism all over the world. Relied on concept of pre-emption—attacking terrorists before they attacked US targets.
The Iraq War
Bush admin. claimed (falsely) that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction and was harboring terrorists
Iraq War resulted in capture and execution of Hussein, but destabilized the entire Middle East. Led to international criticism of US
Major scandal at Abu Ghraib prison due to US soldiers using torture (see right)
Instability in Iraq led majority of Americans to conclude that war was a mistake
The Great Recession
Great Recession (2007-10): Worst economic crisis since 1930s
Rooted in rapid spread of subprime mortgages (exploitative mortgages with adjustable mortgage rates), esp. among African Americans and Latinos
Ownership society: idea that rising rates of home ownership would create economic security and personal responsibility among Americans
Reverse redlining: racial exploitation through loans with unfair terms
The Great Recession (cont.)
Rise in home foreclosures in 2006-7 leads to panic on wall street.
Surge in home foreclosures/evictions
Wave of bank failures
10% unemployment
Prof. Highsmith’s home in Flint, Mich. (see right)
Great Recession led to increasing racial wealth gaps between whites and people of color.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3IW3PhBgjs
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Week9-Lecture3-ObamaTrumpYears.pptx
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Week8-Lecture2-Sexuality_Gender_80s.pptx
Sexuality, Gender, and Power in the 1980s: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Welfare queen
The feminization of poverty
Operation Rescue
AIDS
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)
The Conservative Social Agenda in the 1980s
Opposed abortion, sex ed.
Supported school prayer
Reagan appointed over 350 federal judges, 3 S.C. justices, and Chief Justice Rehnquist
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
S.C. endorsed new limits on abortion
Rep. Party platform more openly conservative, anti-feminist
Reagan and Welfare
1970s-80s: payments through Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) declined by nearly 50%
States implemented more strict welfare rules
Myth of the Chicago “welfare queen”
The Welfare Queen
“There is a woman in Chicago. She has 80 names, 30 addresses, 12 Social Security cards, and is collecting veterans’ benefits on four non-existing deceased husbands.” --Ronald Reagan
Questions (2 mins)
1. How did Reagan’s use of the city of Chicago shape the image of the welfare queen? Why does Chicago appear so often in campaign talking points about welfare, crime, etc.?
2. How do you think this story about the welfare queen shaped popular ideas about the program?
The Feminization of Poverty
Feminization of poverty: a disproportionate share of world’s poor are women
Pay gap between men and women
Declining payments via AFDC
Women pay greater share of costs for child rearing
Battling Roe v. Wade in the Streets
Operation Rescue used tactics from civil rights movement to oppose abortion
Slogan: “If you believe abortion is murder, act like it’s murder.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwrdtTX0Tpc
The AIDS Crisis
AIDS: caused by the HIV virus; transmitted through bodily fluids; attacks the human immune system.
First detected among gay men in early 1980s
Conservatives saw AIDS as punishment for immoral behavior
By 1986, 12,000 people per year were dying of AIDS
AIDS: The Federal Response
Reagan denied special grants to 11 cities seeking to address crisis
Budget cuts at Public Health Service
1985: Reagan first mentioned AIDS publicly
AIDS not a top priority in Reagan White House
ACT UP
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)
ACT UP led a march of 500,000 in NYC in 1987
Led primarily by gay white men
AIDS and Public Awareness
Activists challenged perception that AIDS is a “gay disease”
Spread of AIDS among IV drug users, heterosexuals, recipients of blood transfusions, etc.
1991: Earvin “Magic” Johnson announced he had HIV virus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbdOQUARrEU
“Living with AIDS”
Since 2000, new AIDS diagnoses in US declined by 20%
AIDS remains major problem in Africa, other parts of developing world
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Week6-Lecture3-Feminism_GayLiberation.pptx
Feminism and gay liberation: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Feminism: First and Second Waves
Commission on the Status of Women
The Feminine Mystique
National Organization for Women
Equal Rights Amendment
Consciousness raising
Title IX
Roe v. Wade
Stonewall Riots/Rebellion
Gay Power
Waves of Feminism
First Wave: 19th/early 20th c. focus on women’s suffrage,
Second Wave: 1960s/70s: Focus on equal access, workplace, sexuality, family and reproductive rights, sexual violence, patriarchy
Feminism, a working definition: a set of ideas and social movements devoted to the pursuit of greater social, political, economic, and individual rights and opportunities for women.
Status of Women, 1960: A Snapshot
40% of women in paid workforce
35% of college and university enrollments
Difficulties accessing credit
Limited civil rights (jury service)
Limited access to birth control, abortion
Widespread sexual harassment
Mad Men (image on right): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EI3K8_U40j0
Federal Action
Commission on the Status of Women (1961, image on left)
American Women (1963): reports on major barriers to women’s equity
Equal Pay Act (1963)
Civil Rights Act (1964)
The feminine Mystique
Betty Friedan (on right), The Feminine Mystique (1963)
FM: “the problem that has no name”
Emphasis on women’s domestic roles leaves many unfulfilled, unhappy
The National Organization for Women (NOW)
Founded in 1966 with Betty Friedan as first president
NOW’s purpose: “to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men…”
The National Organization for Women (NOW), Part 2
Focus on rights in the workplace, including maternity leaves; child care centers; reproductive rights; Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Defeat of ERA
NOW: Predominantly white, middle-class membership
Radical Feminism
Persistence of sexism (even within freedom movements) radicalizes many women
“Girls say yes to guys who say no”
Many radical feminists form their own groups (Radical New York women, Redstockings, Radicalesbians,)
Focus on consciousness raising, attacking patriarchy
1968-69 Protest of Miss America Pageant (on left)
Major Victories
Increasing numbers of women in colleges/universities
Title IX (1972): equal rights for girls/women in education
Growth of women’s athletics
Roe v. Wade (1973): abortion rights. Overturned in 2022.
Gay Liberation
Major legal, political, social barriers faced by LGBTQ community
Boys Beware (1961): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qErM3GavlU0
Mattachine Society (on left): an early gay rights group that challenged workplace discrimination; laws against ”immoral”/homosexual conduct
Stonewall and “Gay Power”
Growing radicalization of gay rights activists in 1960s
Stonewall Riots/Rebellion (1969)
Gay Power
Remembering Stonewall
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Week9-Lecture2-Bush_911_War.pptx
George W. Bush, 9/11, and the War on Terror: Key Terms https://pollev.com/andrewhighsmith992
Compassionate Conservatism
Bush v. Gore
No Child Left Behind Act (2002)
Hurricane Katrina
September 11, 2001
USA Patriot Act (2001)
Bush Doctrine
Iraq War
Abu Ghraib Prison
The Great Recession
Subprime lending
Reverse redlining
Ownership society
Racial Wealth Gap
The Presidential Election of 2000
George W. Bush (Rep.) v. Al Gore (Dem.)
Ralph Nader (Green) ran also, winning 2.74 % of popular vote
Gore, the favorite, ran on economic record of Clinton administration
Bush promised tax cuts, social conservatism, but with more compassion (compassionate conservatism)
Very close election. Gore won popular vote, Bush won more electoral college votes and, therefore, the election.
Bush v. Gore (2000): Supreme Court orders end to recounting of votes in Florida (see right), resulting in Bush’s victory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3os_Vw1Eoo
Bush’s Domestic Policies
Major tax cuts (2001, 2003) totaling over $1.65 trillion
Created a major budget deficit of $1 trillion
Cuts favored wealthy over poor
Withdrew from Kyoto Protocol on climate change
Deregulation
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002: new standards for public schools tied to funding
Hurricane Katrina
August 2005: Hurricane Katrina hits US Gulf Coast
Destroyed flood control levees, resulting in massive flooding in 80% of New Orleans, a poor and heavily African American city
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFYRBWII_DU
Resulted in New Orleans becoming whiter and wealthier city
“George Bush doesn’t care about black people.” –Kanye West, 2005
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJUNTcOGeSw
9/11
Nineteen hijackers flew planes into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in NYC, the Pentagon (DC), and a field in Pennsylvania. September 11, 2001.
3,000 Killed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I6i0crmZMU
Hijackers members of Osama bin Laden’s Al Qaeda terrorist organization.
Attackers angry at us foreign policy in Middle East, Persian gulf war, and US troops stationed in Saudi Arabia
9/11: The Aftermath
Brief moment of unity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeVEUNI-Cuo
Arrest and detention of thousands of Muslims in US
Thousands of attacks on Muslims and turban-wearing Sikh immigrants
Overthrow of Taliban govt. in Afghanistan
USA Patriot Act (2001) gave federal govt. new powers to monitor suspected terrorists
Bush Doctrine: New, more aggressive strategy to defeat terrorism all over the world. Relied on concept of pre-emption—attacking terrorists before they attacked US targets.
The Iraq War
Bush admin. claimed (falsely) that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction and was harboring terrorists
Iraq War resulted in capture and execution of Hussein, but destabilized the entire Middle East. Led to international criticism of US
Major scandal at Abu Ghraib prison due to US soldiers using torture (see right)
Instability in Iraq led majority of Americans to conclude that war was a mistake
The Great Recession
Great Recession (2007-10): Worst economic crisis since 1930s
Rooted in rapid spread of subprime mortgages (exploitative mortgages with adjustable mortgage rates), esp. among African Americans and Latinos
Ownership society: idea that rising rates of home ownership would create economic security and personal responsibility among Americans
Reverse redlining: racial exploitation through loans with unfair terms
The Great Recession (cont.)
Rise in home foreclosures in 2006-7 leads to panic on wall street.
Surge in home foreclosures/evictions
Wave of bank failures
10% unemployment
Prof. Highsmith’s home in Flint, Mich. (see right)
Great Recession led to increasing racial wealth gaps between whites and people of color.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3IW3PhBgjs