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 Personality is a set of dynamic, organized characteristics that are possessed by a person that uniquely influences their cognitions, environment, emotions, and behaviors in various situations. Sigmund Freud is one of the theorists, who came up with a far-reaching personality psychology schema, the Freudian theory of personality. It has therefore been used to add, modify and interpret from its core points (Freud, 2015). He was influenced by his thinking that regards the human mind. He believed that during conscious mental activities, such as explaining behaviors, people don't always show the truth of the accounts of their motivation. This meant that there were certain activities that existed within the mind within the conscious and unconscious level. Here, the conscious mind consisted of thoughts that need attention now, the preconscious contains anything that can be retrieved from the memory and finally the unconscious where processes that cause most behaviors existed (Ewen, 2014).

His work was hugely dominated by his trials of finding ways of penetrating the structures and processes of personality that were greatly hidden. He used psychoanalysis to describe the exact thing in the human mind. He emphasized that the unconscious mind controlled behaviors to greater margin that people suspect.

From his psychoanalytic theory of personality, he argued that most of the human behaviors are as an impact of the interaction among the id, ego, and superego. The id fight constantly to have a person’s way in everything done. The ego mediates a satisfactory outcome and finally the superego which serves as a screening center of things going on. This structural theory of personality, therefore, places great significance on how conflicts among various parts of the mind shape the personality and behaviors of individuals, where most of these conflicts are unconscious.

According to Sigmund, the most of the personality develops during childhood where it is critically shaped through a series of psychosexual stages, which he referred to as the psychosexual theory of development. He believed that most of suffering in human is determined during childhood development. As a child passes through the stages, there is a rise in unresolved conflicts between the physical drives and the social expectations. This, therefore, means that environmental and parental experiences at early life of a child influence a person’s personality in adulthood (Fromm, 2013).

Oral stage relates to fixation on oral things, and if they not met well, there is a likelihood of developing adverse oral behaviors. The anal stage mainly refers to developing healthy toilet habits. Phallic stage primarily relates to the relationships that both girls and boys create towards their parents and finally genital stage which consists of all the tasks of other stages placed into the mind to allow onset of sexual feelings and behaviors. According to Freud, during each stage, there is a conflict between biological drives and social expectations, and therefore if a child navigates through such conflicts successfully, it will result to mastery of each stage to fully mature personality (Schultz, 2016).

However, Frauds ideas have since been met with a lot of criticism, firstly because of mainly having a narrow focus of sexuality as the main driver of human personality development. Secondly, his ideas are not supported by any experimental data, and this makes the theory to be scientifically invalid. Finally, the theory is male dominated which is a purely social bias.

There are many of ways that show how this theory is still relevant today. Today it is seen that human beings cannot keep secrets. This is because they reveal their innermost selves with their clothes, twitches and unconscious mannerism. This means whatever a person does; he expresses it for people to see and hear. This was one of the fundamental orientations of Freud. Furthermore, Freud theory is still relevant today especially in dreaming context, where our dreams are driven by the conscious and the subconscious desires and fears (Benet-Martínez, 2015). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Benet-Martínez, V. D. (2015). Six visions for the future of personality psychology. APA handbook of personality and social psychology, , 665-689.

Ewen, R. (2014). An introduction to theories of personality. . Park Drive: Psychology Press.

Eysenck, H. J. (2013). The Experimental Study of Freudian Theories (Psychology Revivals). . Abingdon: Routledge.

Freud, S. (2015). The Freudian Theory of Personality. Journal Psyche, 20-50.

Fromm, E. (2013). Sigmund Freud's Mission: An analysis of his personality and influence. New York City,: Open Road Media.

Schultz, D. P. (2016). Theories of personality. . Boston: Cengage Learning.