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Special Needs Populations Presentation
Juvenile

Team B

08/28/2017

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Juvenile Offender

  • A person under the age of 18
  • Committed an act that violates state law
  • 27% increase in population
  • Accurate Assessment and Classification

During the period of 1991 to 2003, there was a 27% increase in juveniles placed in residential corrections programs. Research showed that in 2002 that a high percentage of juvenile offenders were diagnosed with a mental health illness. Female offenders showed 73% and male offenders showed 60% were diagnosed with concerns, such as major depression, generalized anxiety disorders, ADHD, conduct disorder, and OCD (Roberts, 2008. p. 25).

Assessment and classification are the first two significant steps in effective treatment of juvenile offenders. There is the need of focus on determining accurately the juveniles biopsychosocial development, classification of risk to reoffend, and utilize empirically-based and productive intervention methods that direct toward the mutisystemic influences of the juvenile’s behavior (Roberts, 2080. p. 26).

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Biopsychosocial model of Assesment

  • Biological (physical health, genetic vulnerabilities, drug effects)
  • Psychological ( coping and social skills, family relationships, self-esteem, mental health)
  • Social (peers, family dynamic and relationships)

The biopsychosocial model of assessment involves examining the biological, psychological, and social processes that influence development and behavior. The case manager needs to acquire information regarding the juvenile’s medical history, personality, cognitive abilities, emotional development, family environment, and the social environment of the offender. There is importance of utilizing a multisystemic assessment to acquire information from all areas of a individuals influences; intrappsychic, family, and community interactions. Research on delinquency and theories of human development both support that these three areas interactions all influence an individual’s behavior (Roberts, 2008. p. 27).

In order to complete the classification step toward treatment of a juvenile it is important to establish a baseline of the individual’s behavior prior to intervention. This will assist in developing a understanding of the frequency, stability, and intensity of the presenting problems. The baseline can be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of chosen intervention by measure of changes to behavior during and after the utilization of the intervention (Robets, 2008. p. 27).

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Classification:

the process of determining at what level of custody and offender should be assigned

Classification is the process of determining at what level of custody and offender should be assigned. The Youth Level of Service Inventory (YLSI) and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS) are two recommended standardized instruments to utilize to assist with the classification of a juvenile (Robets, 2008. p. 28).

The YLSI focuses on the situations or experiences that may increase the possibility of a negative outcome, such as delinquency or violence. The base of the YLSI is a social-psychological approach toward criminal behavior that examines eight areas of risk: prior/current offenses, family, peer, substance abuse, recreation, personality and behavior, and attitudes and orientation Robets, 2008. p. 28).

The CAFAS is a standardized multidimensional assessment tool that considers how the mental health/substance use disorders impair the functioning of juveniles age 7-17. This tool assists with the case manager developing a overall level of functioning. Areas that are focused on are: school/work, home, community, behavior toward others, moods/emotions, self-harmful behavior, substance use, and thinking (Robets, 2008. p. 28).

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Treatment Options

Non-institutional

  • Behavioral therapies
  • Intensive case management
  • Multisystemic therapy
  • Restitution programs and skills training

 

Institutional

  • Behavioral programs
  • Longer-term community residential programs
  • Multiple services within residential communities
  • Skills training

There is still the need of further research on the many different treatment options that exist today. Trying to keep toward previous statistical and research of documented evidence showing successful treatments is important. The treatments listed on the slide are found to be effective strategies for utilization by Lipsey and Wilson’s meta-analysis conducted on 200 programs (Roberts, 2008. p. 25-27).

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What Contributes to this Growing Population

  • Early social adversity

  • Mental health disorders involving impulse control and aggression

  • Attachment problems with parents

  • Deviant peers

The common problems with young offenders are: they do not have enough attention from their parents, teachers, friends, and other family members. They often feel neglected from society therefore they go seek for attention elsewhere. They join gangs for support/protection/friendship and even love. The group of juveniles has been increasing since the 80s. On top of all the lack of parents attention, depression, anxiety, peer pressure can drive youths to stress disorder and eventually mental disorder. Statistic data show that one in every five youth meet the mental disorder state. About 11.2% with mood disorder, 8.3% anxiety disorder, 9.6% behavior disorder (youth.gov)

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Issues Common to The Group

  • Lack of Family Engagement

  • History of juvenile justice court

  • Focus on youth as ‘’ court client’’

  • Balance of multiple things at once

Changes in the juvenile population caused by economic, education, healthcare, all these have caused impact on delinquency and juvenile justice system. Juvenile justice court is different from adult court since treating youths is more sensitive matter than adults. Punishments for youths must be careful considered and “parens patriae” was developed. This philosophy stated that criminal behavior on the part of juveniles was seen as lack of parental care/control. The state will have the right to step in and take supervision. The focus on youth offenders is to rehabilitate but as time goes by, it is become more complex as society becomes more complex with: teen pregnancy, suicide, drugs, smoking, runaways, social media, and dysfunctional families. The juvenile justice system became a dumping grounds for these problems. The alternatives to fix these issues are: Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiatives(JDAI) developed appropriate programs for youths, minimize the use of secure detention while preserving community safety, ensure appropriate conditions of confinement in secure facilities, redirect public finances to sustain successful reforms, reduce racial and ethnic disparities.

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Case Management SErvices

  • Case Manager
  • Juvenile Justice Case Management Services
  • Programs for youths focus on: restitution, monitor, facilitate, meaningful community service, and help find jobs.
  • Case management decisions affect allocation of: resources, levels of service, and juvenile court.

Juvenile case managers supervise youths under the age of 18 who have been charged with a crime. Their duties are to guide juvenile offenders through the system by helping them obtain needed services and prevent them from exploitation.

The management services coordinate the services and supervision that can help youth offenders address their problems and develop attitudes and skills needed to make responsible choices, avoid negative behaviors, and become more productive to society.

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Resolve the Problems

  • Case Management Plan: crisis interventions, family counseling, parenting skills, and youth mentoring
  • Case Managers Requirements: degree in psychology, social work, or criminal justice, good organizational, communication, critical-thinking, decision-making skills.
  • Case Managers serve as: liaisons between young offenders, families, courts, and other agencies in the juvenile justice programs.
  • Case Management Guidelines established by state’s highest court and local court rules.
  • The guidelines specify particular services available to juvenile offenders and establish timelines for completion of case management events.

The purpose of case management plan is to prevent juvenile offenders from committing crime again after being release, make sure they become responsible citizens, and monitor offenders while incarcerated to make sure they follow the plan, even after they are released.

Case managers must be emotionally stable individuals who can handle the stress of being involved in dealing with troubled youth and their families. Case manager suggest methods for handling offenders right after arrest, place them in secure facilities, releasing them when their detention periods are over. Case manage have the ability to put paroled youths back inside prison if they violate the case management’s guidelines. The guidelines identify goals and basic procedures of each state’s juvenile justice program. Also describe the type and frequency of the case manager’s contact with offenders, their families, school administrators, and counselors.

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Unattended Population and poor management

  • Changes with unattended population and poor management would cause an increase in

  • Violent Tendencies
  • Assaults and Battery
  • Homicides

  • Suicides
  • No counseling or help for negative thoughts

  • Recidivism for all types of crimes
  • Kidnapping
  • Hostage Taking

Unattended population would cause an increase in violent crimes and make it almost uncontrollable. Individuals with mental disorders need continuous monitoring to help them control their outbursts. Poor management of their mental needs will cause an increase in assaults, battery charges, and homicides. Some specific mental disorders that can cause an increase in the following can be schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (health.harvard.edu.). An increase in suicides can come from untreated depression disorder and pretty much any other mental illness that causes an urge to for self harm. Mental illness is known to be a high cause for kidnapping and other hostage situations. If left untreated an uncontrollable amount of these crimes would occur. It is essential to increase the amount of management that is given to individuals with mental disabilities and continue to help these individuals get the help they need.

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