princple of speech
A fallacy claim asserts that an argument must be rejected because it violates a significant rule of argumentation relevant to the appropriate decision makers. It has specific characteristics:
Requires that you fulfill burden of proof to the satisfaction of the decision makers.
Charges significant deviation from appropriate argumentation practices.
Fallacy claims rest on accepted rules, but the decision makers must ultimately reaffirm the rules for the claim to succeed.
Fallacies of Faulty Reasoning
Incorrect Logic
Hasty Generalization
False Analogy
False Cause “post hoc ergo propter hoc”
False Alternatives “false dilemma” or “false dichotomy”
Slippery Slope
Fallacies of Relevance – “Ad” Arguments Ad Hominem – “toward the man” Ad Populum – “toward the people” or “bandwagon” Ad Verecundiam – “toward authority” Ad Antiquitatum – “toward tradition” Ad Misericordiam – “toward sympathy or pity” Straw Man Red Herring Non Sequiter
Fallacies of Language Loaded Language Loaded Question Begging the Question
Intent to Deceive
Refusal to Reason
Breach of Conversational Cooperation
Obfuscation
Violations of the Quantity Maxim
Arguing a Fallacy Claim follows the same‐(ish) four S’s of standard Refutation.
State the Fallacious Point (the opposition's). State the rule by which the point is made Fallacious. Support your claim of fallacy, and urge the Decision Makers to reaffirm the rule.
State how your fallacy claim undermines the point you are refuting.