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Chapter Three: Communication Ethics

Communication Ethics
for Managers

J.S. O’Rourke

University of Notre Dame / USA

Business Ethics

“It is the application of what is good and right to that assortment of institutions, technologies, activities, and pursuits which we call business.”

Manuel Velasquez

Santa Clara University

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Business Ethics

“Ethics” refers most often to a domain of inquiry, or discipline, in which matters of right and wrong, good and evil, virtue and vice, are systematically examined.

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Business Ethics

“Morality,” by contrast is most often used to refer not to a discipline but to patterns of thought and action that are actually operative in everyday life. In this sense, morality is what the discipline of ethics is about. And so, business morality is what business ethics is about.

K.E. Goodpaster

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Integrity in Business

The Hudson Institute and Walker Information surveyed 3,000 workers across the U.S. about their experiences and attitudes. Less than half said they believe their senior leaders are people of high integrity.

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Integrity in Business

In a recent poll, 53% of about 1,800 communications professionals said top management is an organization’s conscience. Their other responses, however, reveal that employers may be sending mixed messages.

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Source: BusinessWeek

In My Organization . . .

“Discussion of ethical / unethical conduct is encouraged”

Agree: 46%
Undecided: 28%
Disagree: 26%

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In My Organization . . .

“Unethical behavior that results in personal gain is reprimanded”

Agree: 68%
Undecided: 23%
Disagree: 09%

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In My Organization . . .

“Unethical behavior that results in corporate gain is reprimanded”

Agree: 51%
Undecided: 36%
Disagree: 13%

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Three Levels of Inquiry

The Individual

The Organization

The Economy

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Three Levels of Decision-Making

A moral point-of-view

An economic point-of-view

A legal point-of-view

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Three Kinds of Moral Principles

Utilitarianism

Rights

Justice

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The Nature of Moral Judgments

Normative judgments

Conclusions involving values

Non-normative judgments

Conclusions that are value-neutral

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The Characteristics of Moral Principles

They have serious consequences for human well-being
Their validity rests on the adequacy of the reasons used to support and justify them
They override self-interests
They are based on impartial considerations

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Four Resources for Decision-Making

Proposals: specific and action-oriented
Observations: specific and descriptive
Value Judgments: general and action-oriented
Assumptions: general and descriptive

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Making Moral Judgments

Moral Awareness
Moral Imagination
Moral Identification and Ordering
Moral Evaluation

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Making Moral Judgments

Tolerating moral disagreement and ambiguity
Integrating managerial and moral competence
A sense of moral obligation

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Applying Ethical Standards
to Communication

Oral communication
Organizational policies
Correspondence
Rituals, ceremonies, and celebration
Slogans, symbols, corporate credos

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Applying Ethical Standards
to Communication

Evaluations, promotions, and rewards
Interaction with other organizations
Interaction with the government, the press, and the public

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