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Children’s Cognitive Behavior

Hao Nguyen

Educational Pyschology

Professor Tichy

June 30,2017

Neurological Based Behavior

Introduction

In this project the neurolo1gical based behavior that we shall be discussing will be Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is also known as ADHD. This is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of hyperactivity-impulsivity or/and inattention that interferes with development and functioning of a person. It is more common in children however, it can also affect adults if the condition has not cope with as an adolescent.

Causes of ADHD

Although scientist are not very sure what causes ADHD, however like many other illnesses there are many other factors that can contribute to ADHD. Some of this factors include; Genetics where is genetically predisposed to the disorder, cigarette smoking, alcohol use or drug use during pregnancy, exposure to environmental toxins such as high level of lead at a tender age and during pregnancy, brain injuries of the child and low birth weight (Parekh 45). It is also important to note that ADHD is more common in males that in females.

The genes that have been correlated with ADHD include dopamine receptor genes DRPD4 as well as dopamine transporter gene DAT1. There is also a theory of brain connectivity difference where scientist believe that the disfunctioning of the default mode network gets in the way of performance and effortful engagement in activities.

Classroom Behavior of ADHD

There are basically three behaviors that are normally exhibited by children who have ADHD in the class room. This behaviors include Inattention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity.

Inattention.

Intension means a person lacks persistence, wanders off task, has difficulty sustaining focus, and is disorganized; and these problems are not due to lack of comprehension or defiance. Among all the other symptoms, this is the one that is most prevalent among children who have the disorder. It is manifested by the fact that children are having trouble paying attention on the subject matter at hand and most of the time are very easily distracted. They tend to get bored easily with a particular cognitive task especially if they have no interest or do not enjoy. It has been regarded as the main cause of ADHD behavior.

Impulsivity

Impulsivity means that the child in the classroom makes hasty actions that occur in the moment without thinking about them first and that may have high potential for harm or inability to delay gratification or a desire for immediate rewards. The child blurts out random words without too much thought during the preceding of the class. In most cases the child is very impatient when caring out cognitive task such as waiting in lines and him or her normally need immediate results or rewards. An impulsive person may be socially intrusive and excessively interrupt others or make important decisions without considering the long-term consequences.

Hyperactivity

The other symptom is hyperactivity. It means that the child seems to move about constantly, including in situations in which it is not appropriate; or excessively, taps, fidgets or talks. In adults, it may be extreme restlessness or wearing others out with constant activity. Hyperactive behavior children tend to always be in motion, playing with or anything in sight outside of recess and within the classroom. In most of the cases the child tends to be restless and wants to engage different activities at different all the time.

Classroom Challenges

There are very many challenges that ADHD children face in the classroom which in most cases puts them behind other classmates. In most cases these children normally have a difficulty learning a new activity or transitioning from one activity to another. They also forget about their homework or certain cognitive task that they are required to perform. The other challenge is that they consistently make careless mistake during class activity and do not learn from previous errors.

These challenges are not limited to their children alone but the parents and guardians as well. These include; getting ready for school time, being organized, social occasions, getting ready for school on time and mostly listening to and caring out instructions

How can ADHD be treated?

Although there is not current cure for ADHD, there ways in which it can be effectively managed with the appropriate educational support, parental support and advice for the affected children alongside medication if necessary.

It is always challenging to look after a child with ADHD but what is important to remember is that in most cases they cannot help their behavior.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are many NRB disorder among children’s which makes them inefficient in performing cognitive tasks. The most common is the ADHD which is most prevalent in young children. The most common behavior exhibited among this children include hyperactivity, Impulsivity and Inattention.

Reference

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). (2014). Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Parekh, R., M.D., M.P.H. (2015, October). What is ADHD? Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd