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deviance__violence_in_sports.pptxDeviance & Violence in Sports
Krause 2017
Deviance in Sports (Chapter 8)
In chapter 8, you read about deviance in sports with an application to spectator deviance in sports. Over the next few slides, I have summarized parts of the chapter that I did not have you read. I do not review material that was covered in the readings.
Deviance on the Field
“Hand ball” in soccer
Illegal touching of the ball
This is a deviation from the norm because touching the ball with your hands is not allowed in soccer.
Point shaving
When players deliberately make a mistake to get a monetary award, mostly through gambling
Gambling involves play-by-play betting
For example, a specific player could inform gamblers that they will purposely miss a free-throw (in basketball) to gain a monetary reward
Coaches
Lying on resumes
Unauthorized filming of another team’s practices
Being extremely aggressive and violent toward athletes (taunting, throwing objects, etc.)
Copy/paste YouTube link to watch 53 seconds of coach aggression: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jc2ESr43PY
Interesting Fact: College athletes who have more abusive coaches are more willing to cheat in order to win than players with more ethical coaches (American Psychological Association 2014). This creates an environment that is conducive to this type of behavior patterns.
Referees
Purposely create a disadvantage by making unwarranted calls against an individual/ team
Purposely give an advantage by putting extra time on the clock
Off the court deviance
Sex scandals, such as affairs
Crime, such as possession of drugs
Blood-doping
Performance-enhancing drugs
Gambling on sports
Think: Many entertainers (e.g., musicians and actors) have their performances enhanced via artificial means (e.g., digital editing software and artificial/electronic music) and consumers and producers have accepted such productions; and yet, there is an outcry against athletes who use artificial means (e.g., performance-enhancing drugs and specific sports wear) to reach peak performance. Why does such a double standard exist? Is it fair? Why?
Violence in Sports (Chapter 9)
In the next few slides, I outline Post-Career Health Problems due to sports (using American football as a case study) which I did not have you read. Next, I review key terms from Chapter 9.
Research on Former NFL Players suggests increased
Dementia; Alzheimer’s
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Severe depression; mood disorder; paranoia
Concussions; CTE
Decreases in regional cerebral blood flow across entire brain
Cognitive impairment
Premature death (generally by middle age)
Tragic death (suicide, police chase, self-inflicted wounds)
Memory loss
Poor cognitive insight or judgement
Outbursts of anger or aggression’ Irritability/agitation
Reduced concentration
(King 2010, Amen et al. 2011; McKee et al. 2009)
Key Terms
Aggression in sport: verbal and physical behavior grounded in the intent to successfully accomplish a task even if it means to dominate, control, or harm, physically or psychologically, an opponent
Violence: entails great physical force used intentionally by one person(s) to cause another person(s) harm or aggressive behavior which destroys the property of another
Sport Violence: intentional aggressive physical behavior that causes harm, occurs outside the rules of the game, is unrelated to ideals of sportsmanship, or which destroys the property of another sportsperson
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in athletes (and nonathletes) with a history of repetitive brain trauma, including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic subconcussive hits to the head
Think: Why might violence in sport be evaluated differently from general violence found in society?
Think: How should sports leagues frame their domestic violence code of conduct? What type of punishments would you designate for the varying degrees of domestic violence?
