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UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Unit 6 Assignment: Annotated Bibliography

Josiah M. Snipes

Kaplan University

Comment [SC1]: The title page should be correct by now - use the template from doc sharing to avoid losing points.

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Annotated Bibliography

THESIS STATEMENT: The Board of Education needs to increase recruitment and retention of

African American male teachers, because this will make a great difference in how African

American male students respond to education and positive role models.

C. (2001, August 29). Recruiting African American Teachers Requires Collaboration,

Cooperation. Retrieved from: http://diverseeducation.com/article/1618/

According to Dr. Boyce C. Williams is Vice President for Institutional Relations at the National

Council for Accreditation of “ Teacher Education Recruiting African American Teachers

Requires Collaboration, Cooperation Concerns about the quality of instruction in schools are

directly related to the quality of teachers who graduate from teacher-education programs. Hence,

successful reforms dictate a “simultaneous renewal” of schools and teacher-preparation

programs.

Dr. Boyce feels that some of the deepest challenges that are always facing historically Black

colleges and universities today is the feeling of preserving lifelong traditions of educating

teachers in the face of new educational reforms. The effective education of well-trained teachers

must reflect parity, include role models, and bridge the cultural divide with culturally sensitive

pedagogy. (C. 2001)

Institutions that are serious about the recruitment of teachers of color must work to promote the

Comment [SC2]: Excellent thesis

Comment [SC3]: add a hanging indent See the tutorial on creating a hanging indent at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEcpi98 IEns

Comment [SC4]: Revise for clarity – try to shorten the length of the sentence and change the syntax to allow it to flow more smoothly. Ex: Dr. Boyce C. Williams is Vice President for Institutional Relations at the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education. In his article, “ Teacher Education Recruiting African American Teachers Requires Collaboration, Cooperation, Williams raises concerns about how the quality of instruction in schools is directly related to the quality of teachers who graduate from teacher-education programs.

Comment [SC5]: one

Comment [SC6]: is

Comment [SC7]: place the period after the citation: …. pedagogy (2001).

Comment [SC8]: Good summary. This should be a useful article

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3

sort of collegiality that would overcome institutionalized separation. These institutions would

mold African American teachers for the future. I feel that the lack of Black male teachers gives

the impression that this is simply something that isn’t done and there has to be reasons behind

this theory. We read and see more black youth migrating to gangs, crime and selling drugs

instead of furthering their education and becoming a positive role model for the future

generation. When entering into the early tears of school black males see very few male teachers

that look like them. This is where the problem begins and it must change. From kindergarten to

high school I only had 2 black male teacher and one of the was a gym teacher. This made me

wonder why black male teacher were scare and if they did exist why were they only gym

teachers or coaches for the major sports. So, what can we do in the future to change these issues

and recruit more African American male teacher? Once we have them what do we do to retain

them as teachers.

Dr. Boyce suggest Model programs have reached into the middle school and high school student

population to stimulate interest in teaching among African American students. In addition,

community college programs and the recruitment of paraprofessionals have yielded new

teachers. (C,2001)

“However, in order to create this systemic change, collaboration is needed. The essential goal of

such collaboration is to situate institutions of higher education for interdependent work and to

encourage self-sufficiency, while discouraging the perception that colleges and universities are

alone, unique and must do all their recruitment without assisting or being assisted by others.

Overall, collaboration for recruitment activities must be planned, must have a shared vision and

must be built on trust and understanding. I would seem that these efforts can possibly work to

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4

increase the African American male teachers who reflect and represent our nation’s population.”

(C,2001)

The article is credible because it is in a nationally published newspaper, and the author is a well

know researcher on these matters. This will be very helpful in, my final project because it gives

the cause of the lack of African American male teaches and it offer solutions to recruit and retain

the teachers.

Egalite, A. and Kisida, B. (2015). “Representation in the classroom: The effect of own-race teachers on student achievement.” Economics of Education Review. Vol. 45, p. 44-52.

In this article Egalite give so much insight on how minority teachers are underrepresented in

public school across America. I think is more than just public schools that we should take a long

look. The article makes it reference that the reason this is becoming such a great concern is

because of the growing body of minority students and how they can benefit much more if they

are taught by their own race. It also factual that white student could possible share the same

benefit as black student when it comes to black male teachers. The article also elaborates on the

affects that African American male teachers will have on student in a positive way because they

are positioned in schools to improve performance of African American students. These teachers

began to serve as role models, mentors and cultural translators for black students in public

schools. Student are more likely to excel with someone who looks like them because they feel

the teachers understands who they are and how they feel.

In some cases, state policies have been enacted to recruit minority teachers. For, instance some

states strategy in 1996 to recruit and train more minority teachers by offering an annual

Comment [SC9]: known

Comment [SC10]: Delete this and save it for the essay. The annotations should only summarize the sources and offer a brief statement on the credibility and usefulness of each one.

Comment [SC11]: Good assessment of credibility and usefulness

Comment [SC12]: Looks like an excellent source for your essay – this will help you use pathos to convince your reader.

Comment [SC13]: Add a comma after the introductory phrase to set it apart from the rest of the sentence.

Comment [SC14]: Subject/verb agreement (gives)

Comment [SC15]: This is personal opinion and should not be part of your summary of the source

Comment [SC16]: This makes me wonder if there will be a shift back to segregated schools in order to allow all children to be taught by “own-race” teachers. Very interesting article.

Comment [SC17]: What about other students, such as Hispanics, Asians, and others?

Comment [SC18]: Spelling (effects)

Comment [SC19]: Plural (students)

Comment [SC20]: This is counter to the earlier point from the article, since the assumption would be that all students would need to be taught by teachers that look like them. Given this scenario, the demographics of teachers would match the demographics of the population in any given school. That could be a positive or negative outcome, depending on the perspective of the reader.

Comment [SC21]: Word choice -needs to be a verb (decided?)

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5

scholarship of up to $4000 for African- American students in Florida’s public or private

universities that are admitted into a teacher education program. (Egalite, 2015)

A number of theories exist to explain the mechanisms by which assignment to an own-

race/ethnicity teacher might influence a student’s achievement. Minority teachers may influence

minority students in a passive way, by indirectly serving as role models (Egalite 2015). If this is

the case, students may respond to demographically similar role models by raising their

motivation and personal expectations. I think that this article will be of great use in my final

project because of the vast amount of information given on the programs put in place recruit

black male teachers. This article also illustrates cause and effect of having black male teachers

and how important they are in the school system. I think this his article shows a clear

understanding of the need and what can continue to happen if the department of education

continues to find ways to recruit and retain. HBCU’s play a great part in training black male

students to become successful teachers. Now the next step will be how we can start recruiting at

the early years starting in elementary school through middle school. If we can start with the

youth early and put more incentives in place as the student go to college then the problem will

somewhat be solved. There has to be something offered to intense a black male to enter into a

field that does not pay as well and also places them in a low performing school.

Comment [SC22]: This will be useful information for your argument, but the annotations for the bibliography should be much more concise – see the sample given in the class to get an idea of the length and breadth of each one.

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6

References

Dee, Thomas. 2004. The Race Connection: Are Teacher more Effective with students who share their ethnicity?. Education Next. (Spring 2004), p. 53-59.

Feistritzer, Emily. (2005). Profile of Alternative Route Teachers of Color; National Center For Education Information

IIngersoll, R. & May, H. (2011a). The minority teacher shortage: Fact or fable?” Phi Delta Kappan, 93(1) 62-65.

Johnson, S. M. (2006). The workplace matters: Teacher quality, retention, and effectiveness (Working paper). Washington, DC: National Education Association Research Department.

Egalite, A. and Kisida, B. (2015). “Representation in the classroom: The effect of own-race teachers on student achievement.” Economics of Education Review. Vol. 45, p. 44-52.

C. (2001, August 29). Recruiting African American Teachers Requires Collaboration, Cooperation. Retrieved from: http://diverseeducation.com/article/1618/

Hi Josiah,

You have a good start on your annotated bibliography, though I only see two sources with annotations, so

you would need to add at least 2 more, one of which would represent a counter-argument or challenge to

your thesis. You’ve found some very useful sources for your paper. There are some formatting errors,

such as those on the title page and the hanging indents, so be sure to correct those as you begin to draft.

Comment [SC23]: I do not find these sources referenced in your annotated bibliography

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

This assignment gave you some valuable practice in compiling sources and summarizing them in relation

to your topic. Please note any comments on formatting, mechanics, and content, and let me know if you

have any questions.

Unit 6 Assignment Rubric (100 points) Points Grade Content :

● Assignment includes a potential thesis statement, which is logical and persuasive. ● Assignment includes four annotations for sources related to the selected topic. ● Annotation identifies at least one source which addresses a challenge or

misconception about the topic. ● Annotations are well-developed, coherent, and logically organized. ● Annotations include a thoughtful summary of the source’s argument and purpose,

assess the credibility of the source, and reflect upon the value of that source for supporting student’s argument for change.

● Annotations are original, and material from sources is paraphrased in the student’s own words.

Deductions: ● Assignment may be missing a thesis statement, or the thesis is not persuasive or

logical.

● Does not have four annotations.

● Does not identify a challenge source

● Annotations may not be well-developed, coherent, or logically organized.

● Annotations may be missing a summary, assessment, or reflection about the source.

● Does not include a source that addresses a challenge or misconception about the

topic.

● Content may not be original (relies on quotation or does not properly paraphrase

sources’ ideas).

70 40

Sources: ● Annotated bibliography includes at least four sources, which can include the following

types: [book or e-book (full text version), periodical article, Internet source, audio or video source, primary source (interview, poll)].

● Annotated bibliography includes at least one periodical or book (preferably from the KU Library)

● Sources are appropriate for an academic/formal audience. Deductions: ● Does not have at least four sources. ● Does not include at least one periodical or ebook ● Sources may not be appropriate for an academic audience.

10 7

APA (A): ● Project includes a title page and follows APA 6

th edition formatting requirements for

title page and document layout. ● Includes complete and correctly formatted APA 6

th edition citations for each of the four

sources. Deductions:

● Title page or document layout does not follow APA 6th edition guidelines. ● Citations do not follow APA 6th edition guidelines.

10 7

Style and mechanics: ● The style is appropriate to the assignment, and sentences are engaging to read as

well as clear, concise, and precise.

10 7

UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 8

● Project is free of serious errors; grammar, punctuation, and spelling help to clarify the meaning by following accepted conventions of Standard American English.

Deductions: ● Style may not be appropriate for academic writing (slang, overly conversational

language and may not follow conventions of Standard American English). ● Sentences may be wordy or confusing. ● Project has errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, or sentence structure.

Plagiarism is a violation of Kaplan’s Academic Integrity Policy. Assignments that are plagiarized will receive a “0.”

Grade:

100 61

UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT WORKSHEET

In the Units 3 and 4 Discussions, you created a thesis statement that offered a solution to a

problem in your community or workplace. In this unit’s Assignment, you will revise and

evaluate the effectiveness of that thesis using the Toulmin Model.

Part I: First of all, you will revise the provisional thesis statement that you generated in the

previous unit Discussion. Make sure the thesis is concise (1–2 sentences) and includes two parts:

a proposal for solving a problem and a reason that solution is needed. For more on creating

effective persuasive thesis statements, review the following Writing Center resources:

● “Give Your Paper Direction: Developing a Strong Thesis Statement”

● “Writing a Thesis for a Persuasive Essay”

Write your revised two-part thesis statement here, and be sure to include a claim + reason

(the “because” or “since” clause):

The Board of Education should take time to do research and find out what needs to be done to

recruit and retain African American male teachers, because there is a great need for African

American male teachers in today’s time. This will change will make a great difference in how

African American male students respond to education and positive role models.

What type of claim does this represent?

This is a claim that would be viewed as cause and effect

Part II: Next, describe how you will use the appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos to make your

argument more compelling to your audience. You can review the Writing Center resource on

the appeals here: "The Three Appeals of Argumentative Writing"

Ethos: The lack of African American male teachers creates a lack of trust among black youth

because there are no actual male role models they can look-up too in the school system. There is

no one to give them direction or give them the truth about who they are or what they can

become.

Logos:

Comment [SC1]: Good thesis, though it is a bit wordy. Consider how you might write it more directly. Ex: The Board of Education needs to increase recruitment and retention of African American male teachers, because this will make a great difference in how African American male students respond to education and positive role models

Comment [SC2]: Note that it is also a proposal

Comment [SC3]: For ethos, you want to show your reader that you are reasonable and trustworthy. It should display your understanding of the opposing side of the issue and a lack of bias. Review the reading on ethos, and let me know if you need any help.

Comment [SC4]: Also discuss how you will use logos and pathos. For example, you could use pathos (the emotional appeal) by giving an example of how a specific child was impacted by having a black male teacher as a role model and how it changed his life. You would use a personal example, but be sure to avoid first person (I, me, my).

Claim: African American male teachers are needed in school across America.

Evidence: Studies show that the lack of African American male teacher’s is only 2% of the

educator’s population which causes a low morale among black student.

Warrant: More African American male teachers would give blacks students more role models

and mentors that they can look-up to at school.

Part III: Identify the parts of your argument based on the Toulmin Model. For more on the

Toulmin Model, review the following Writing Center resources:

• Toulmin Model of Argument “Podcast” and “Transcript”

• “How to Support an Argument and Avoid Logical Fallacies”

Claim: For many years, African America men have been portrayed as savages, salves, field

hands and hardcore criminal gangsters just looking for the opportunity to take advantage of the

White woman.

Warrant (assumption):

The very large shortage of African American male teaching students somehow appears to send

the message to students of all ethnicities that “we don’t do school.” We, “dunk basketballs.” We,

“score touchdowns.” We, “rap the illest lyrics to scratch a pad.” We do, “drive the most fast and

furious cars. Black men are tied to prison, dead beat fathers, drug lords and the list can go on, but

they are much more than what America had portrayed them to be for may years.

Qualifiers: How strongly do you believe in the argument? Would any qualifiers be

beneficial? Why or why not?

I strongly believe in this argument and having African American male teacher would allow all

kids to have more positive role models.

Comment [SC5]: Plural (schools)

Comment [SC6]: delete

Comment [SC7]: only account for

Comment [SC8]: plural

Comment [SC9]: well said

Comment [SC10]: This seems out of place for your argument. Your “claim” is your thesis – the main point that you will argue in your paper. You had it correct in the prior section, where you stated your claim as: African American male teachers are needed in school across America.

Comment [SC11]: Awkward phrase “large shortage” Delete this phrase for clarity

Comment [SC12]: males

Comment [SC13]: spelling

Comment [SC14]: These are well stated point, but your “warrant” is what you have stated in the “qualifier” section: Having African American male teacher would allow

all kids to have more positive role models.

Comment [SC15]: Qualifiers would be words that help to avoid all-inclusive statements. Ex: Having African American male teachers could allow more students to have positive role models.

Grounds:

We should insist on having Black male teachers to teach all students, especially White

students. We provide many statics about how the absentee father plays a part in the upbringing of

a male child, whether the parent have become absent due to divorce, incarceration or outright

abandonment, appears to reduce the ability of Black students, especially males, to see themselves

as “doers of school.” But White students don’t see Black males that way, either, and that’s a

problem.”

Backing (for the warrant):

White men are immensely represented in most Fortune 500 boardrooms and owners of

professional sports teams’ front offices. White me have a lot more access to most capital to

launch business start-ups. While white men continue to make up the better part of law

enforcement, judges, public policymakers, doctors, and business owners.

Rebuttals:

If we continue to allow Black males to be limited in the demand for Black males to teach only

Black children, if we continue to allow America to think that Black men are only good for being

criminals and thugs. We will always promote educational separatism as long as there is no

solution to the problem.

Identify at least one logical fallacy to which your argument may be susceptible and how

you will avoid that fallacy. For more on logical fallacies, review the Kaplan University Writing

Center resource “How to Support an Argument and Avoid Logical Fallacies.”

I am not quit sure that I have any logical fallacies. These points would be very argumentative to

someone other than a person of color. One could argue that my backing many not be completely

true because there are black CEO’s of fortune 500 companies, but not enough to make a valid

argument. I will continue to research to make my argument that black male teacher are more

needed than, white male teachers and female teacher white and black.

Comment [SC16]: Be sure to avoid statements that assume that all individuals in any group think or act in the same way. For example, rather than saying that “white students don’t see black males that way” say “Some white students don’t see black males that way.” When making any argument, keep in mind that you cannot speak for everyone, and there are always exceptions to any rule.

Comment [SC17]: spellig

Comment [SC18]: While this may be true and supportable, it is off topic. Stay focused on the role of black male teachers.

Comment [SC19]: Sentence fragment - not a complete thought

Comment [SC20]: This is not supportable. There would be many individuals from other races that would agree with your thesis, and there would be black individuals who would disagree. Again, avoid making blanket assumptions, as this can give your readers the sense that you are biased about the topic.

Comment [SC21]: Plural - teachers

Comment [SC22]: Note that all students, regardless of their gender or race, need role models that are like them as well as role models that are not like them.

UNIT 4 ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC (50 points) Unit 4 Assignment Rubric (50 points) Points Possible Points Earned

Content 45 37

Part I (10 points) ● Includes a persuasive thesis

statement with a claim + reason ● Identifies the type of claim

Part II (15 points)

• Describes how the appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos will be used

Part III (20 points)

• Identifies the parts of the argument based on the Toulmin Model (claim, warrant, assumption, qualifiers, grounds, rebuttals)

• Describes how to overcome at least one logical fallacy

Comments: Hi Josiah, You made several good points in considering your thesis and supporting points in light of the Toulmin model and the logical appeals and claims, though several areas need further development to show a careful consideration and understanding of the learning activities and to avoid coming across as biased on the topic. See my embedded comments for revisions needed, and let me know if you need any help or clarification in specific areas.

Style and mechanics 5 3

● The style is appropriate to the

assignment, and sentences are engaging to read as well as clear, concise, and precise.

● Project is free of serious errors; grammar, punctuation, and spelling help to clarify the meaning by following accepted conventions of Standard American English.

Comments: Note the grammar and spelling errors marked, and let me know if you need any additional resources or help in these areas.

Grade Total: 40 / 50

Less late penalty -5 35 / 50

Plagiarism is a violation of Kaplan’s Academic Integrity Policy. Assignments that are plagiarized will receive a “0.”