Modern Solid State Devices - Semiconductors and Diodes

answer /discuss the following 5 questions. Your answers should be 2-3 sentences long with detailed explanations. Also solve the following 4 problems and include detailed formulations, calculations and explanations.  Questions: 1) When testing a defective diode (Open) with a DMM which has a diode test function, what "OL" means?   2) Explain the temp-coefficient of a zener diode. Is it positive or negative?  3) Explain the operation of the zener regulator when load varies.  4) Explain the operation of a Schottky diode.   5) Explain the operation of a photodiode and its dark current.   Problems: 1) Determine the output voltage for each zener limiting circuit  if the input voltage is increased to a peak value of 20 V rather than 10V.

Floyd, T. (2011). Electronic Devices (Conventional version). 9th Edition. Prentice Hall. 2) When the switch is closed, will the micro ammeter reading increase or decrease? Assume D1 and D2 are optically coupled.

Floyd, T. (2011). Electronic Devices (Conventional version). 9th Edition. Prentice Hall. 3) Determine the minimum input voltage required for regulation to be established. Assume an ideal zener diode with IZK = 1.8 mA and VZ = 16.5 V.

Floyd, T. (2011). Electronic Devices (Conventional version). 9th Edition. Prentice Hall. 4) To what value must R be adjusted in order to make IZ = 40 mA? Assume VZ = 12 Vat 30 mA and ZZ = 30 O.

Floyd, T. (2011). Electronic Devices (Conventional version). 9th Edition. Prentice Hall.