Powerpoint and questions
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chapter_12_ppt_with_activities.pptxEthical issues in Group Work
Chapter 12
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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You’ll hear some themes repeated throughout this chapter on ethics in groups that you have heard in the other chapters:
Importance of competency/proper training to run groups and use certain group techniques
Importance of self exploration, your own experience as a group counseling member
Working with diversity in groups
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Ethical Issues in Group Therapy
Professional training standards:
Knowledge competencies
Skill competencies
Training for various types of groups:
Task and work groups
Psychoeducational groups
Group counseling
Group psychotherapy
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Training Program for Group Workers
Recommendations:
Personal psychotherapy
Self-exploration and experiential groups
Participation in a training and supervisory group
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Group Competency Reflection & Discussion
Write notes on the following questions, then we’ll discuss:
What has participating in groups been like for you in the past (counseling groups or groups in general)?
What struggles did you have as a group member?
What concerns do you have about running groups? How can you address these concerns?
What do you think makes an “ethical” group leader?
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Association for Specialists in group Work
ASGW- Another great professional association!
Bi-annual conference (Feb 1-3, 2018 in Savannah)
ASGW Journal: Journal for Specialists in Group Work
Best Practice Guidelines
Review ASGW Best Practice Guidelines
See link in Week 6
Find a partner and review for salient themes
Ethical Issues in Group Membership
Informed consent
Screening and selection
Preparing group participants
Involuntary participation
Freedom to leave group
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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ASGW ethical guidelines cover these elements- all about setting the foundation of the group properly!
Informed consent for groups is critical to help members decide if the group is for them or not. If you did the exercises from Mindtap you know that it is not a good idea to push someone into attending a group when they do not feel comfortable. You don’t want to hide what the experience will be like- you want to be transparent about the experience so they are not blindsided.
Group counseling is NOT for everyone and every situation certainly!
Not all practitioners screen clients for groups, however, as it may go against their theoretical approach. Could you see any arguments or any cons to screening clients?
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Ethical Issues in Group Membership
Psychological risks
Confidentiality in groups
Exceptions to confidentiality
Confidentiality with minors
Confidentiality with online groups
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Here are other items to think about in terms of transparency about the group experience. You should be clear about the risks, either in the first group session, or in the screening with potential group members.
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Unethical Use of Group Techniques
It is unethical for group leaders to use techniques:
That are unfamiliar
To serve a hidden agenda or enhance power
Solely to create an intense atmosphere
To pressure members or deprive them of their dignity
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Recommendations in Using Group Techniques
Techniques should have therapeutic purpose.
Techniques should be grounded in a theoretical framework.
Client’s self-exploration should be fostered.
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Recommendations in Using Group Techniques
Leaders should modify techniques for culturally diverse clients.
Techniques shouldn’t be used haphazardly.
Techniques should be introduced in a timely and sensitive manner.
Group members should be given freedom to participate or pass on experiments.
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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Recommendations in Using Group Techniques
Group leaders should use techniques with which they are familiar
Leaders should be aware of potential impact of techniques.
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Video: Counselor with and without skills
What do you see that is potentially UNETHICAL that is going on in the first clip?
Review the ASGW guidelines as you watch the clip
What did you like that the counselor did in the second clip?
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http://ng.cengage.com/static/nb/ui/index.html?nbId=578605&nbNodeId=210145315&eISBN=9781337107334#!&parentId=210145323
Mindtap:
https://login.cengage.com/cb/
Click on: GROUP COUNSELING under Jacobs book link Chapter 1: How do I practice… Video activity: Introducing the group leader
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Discussion Questions
Does your master’s in counseling degree alone make you qualified to lead groups?
Are there group counseling topics where you’d definitely want to seek additional training?
Why is multicultural knowledge so important for leading groups? What can you do to better prepare yourself to work with diverse groups?
Is it ethically acceptable to individually counsel someone and also counsel them in a group? If no, why not? If yes, what problematic situations could arise and how could you avoid these?
Is it ethically appropriate to mandate group counseling? Why or why not?
Topics: eating disorders, panic attacks, anger management, addictions, grief counseling, etc.
#5- see page 446
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Discussion Questions
How should confidentiality be addressed in a group setting?
Is screening group members essential? Why or why not?
Is it ethically acceptable to ask someone to leave a group? How should this be handled?
What are necessary topics to cover in the first session of a group?
Are ground rules for groups essential? If used, how should group rules be addressed?
Topics: eating disorders, panic attacks, anger management, addictions, grief counseling, etc.
#5- see page 446
#9- group purpose, ground rules, give an overview of how group works, give time for questions, address confidentiality
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors emphasize appreciation, respect, and acceptance in cultural and racial identity for all cultures.
Group counselors strive to increase their awareness of their own multicultural identity.
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Slides 16-23 address diversity training of group workers and how it’s important to be aware of how diversity can impact groups- these are also covered on pages 438-439 of text
- Emphasize appreciation, respect for all cultures
Pay special attention to “group counselors establish norms…” on slide 22
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors consider the impact of adverse social, environmental, and political factors in assessing problems and designing interventions.
Group counselors acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for effectively working with the diverse range of members in their groups.
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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Consider impact of social factors when designing group plans (e.g., remember client who had issue with the protest when he was driving in traffic)- think about how that could be addressed in a group setting, or the election in a group setting
The trick is while effectively RESPECTING different opinions and helping group members share thoughts without being disrespectful
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors seek consultation, supervision, and further education to fill any gaps and remain current.
Group counselors are aware of problems involved in stereotyping and avoid making the erroneous assumption that there are no differences between group members from the same ethnic, racial, or other group.
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(SKIP as These are no different from individual counseling)
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors respect the roles of family and community hierarchies within a client’s culture.
Group counselors assist members in determining those instances when their difficulties stem from others’ racism or bias, so they do not inappropriately personalize problems.
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Pay attention to family differences and social injustices
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors inform members about basic values that are implicit in the group process (e.g., self-disclosure, reflecting on one’s life, and taking risks)
Group counselors increase their awareness of how myths, stereotypes, and assumptions they learned by living in society influence their work in facilitating groups.
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Self awareness, attention to values
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors are committed to expanding their services to create new ways of developing groups and identifying members to promote equity, access, harmony, and participation.
Group counselors promote egalitarianism by educating group members about their rights.
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Importance of PD and teaching clients about their rights
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors establish norms that accept, value, and respect cultural differences.
Group counselors model relationship skills that are basic to establishing and maintaining connections between multicultural group members.
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Highlight first bullet point- we will watch videos that demonstrate how to establish these group norms
Modeling is critical
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Ethical Issues in the Diversity Training of Group Workers
Group counselors with a social justice orientation are aware that individual change occurs through social change, and they advocate with clients and on behalf of clients.
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Advocacy is critical as well
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Video: Example of an ethically conducted group counseling experience about diversity
http://search.alexanderstreet.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/view/work/1778741 (0:00-17:15)
Reflect on guidelines outlined on pages 438-439 for diversity competence in group practice.
Take notes while watching: what did you notice the leader did well, or what might you do differently?
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
All rights reserved.
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Other Types of Groups that may address diversity…
This was an example of a group that directly addresses diversity
Diversity is likely to come up as a topic, either directly or indirectly, in other groups as well
Has anyone already had an experience where diversity came up in a group setting?
Or… how can you imagine diversity might come up in a group setting?
Bullying groups- kids often get bullied based on how they look or act, and oftentimes that has a connection to their culture
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Ethical Issues in Co-leadership
Co-leaders who complement and balance each other can provide useful modeling for members, share responsibilities, and provide mutual support.
Drawbacks to the co-leadership model include ineffective communication, competition between leaders, and overdependence on the co-leader.
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How many of you work with a co-leader? The balance of leadership is important! If the roles are different for the two leaders this should be explained right away. You want to work collaboratively and not have a competitive environment in the group.
Article in Moodle on Co-leadership (Luke & Hackney)- not a lot of empirical evidence that it is effective, but many counselors enjoy and thrive in co-leadership experiences. The next two slides highlight things to remember about ethics when co-leading a group
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Ethical Issues in Co-leadership
Unresolved conflicts between the leaders can result in splitting within the group.
Co-leaders need to be committed to identify and resolve issues that interfere with them working effectively in the group.
Supervision should include opportunities for co-leaders to explore personal beliefs and perspectives about co-facilitation.
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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Any interesting co-leadership examples?
I have seen quite a few instances where one leader takes over and the other leader takes a secondary role. Can be uncomfortable! I have also seen where two leaders seem to compete to have their voice heard.
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Social Media in Group Work
Confidentiality and issues of privacy take on added dimensions when group members and leaders communicate via the Internet.
Research focused on the intersection of digital technology and therapy is in its infancy.
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Social Media in Group Work
Group workers need to prepare themselves to receive a “Friend Request” from either current or former members of the groups they lead.
This seemingly straightforward request is quite complex and requires a great deal of reflection.
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Termination in Closed Groups
In a closed group, the task of leaders is to help members review their individual work and the evolving patterns from the first to the final session.
Informed consent involves talking with group members from the beginning of a group experience about the ending and how to terminate productively.
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Termination in Open Groups
Teach members to give adequate notice when they decide it is time to terminate.
If the member’s intention to leave is not adequately discussed in the group, this can undermine potentially valuable group experiences.
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Termination in Open Groups
An ideal termination is one that has been mutually agreed upon by the member and the leader and for which there is sufficient time to work through the process of loss and separation.
Assist members who are leaving with reviewing what they have learned in the group and what they intend to do with this learning.
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Termination in Open Groups
Remaining group members often have reactions about the loss of a member.
Give them an opportunity to express their thoughts and feelings.
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Small Group DiscussioN
Get into groups of 3-4
Imagine you are leading a general personal growth group that will meet for 8 weeks. The group is voluntary and closed.
Discuss the following:
What would you do to screen and select group members (see pages 442-443)?
What would you discuss with the group during the 1st group session to prepare them for what the group will be like (see pages 444-446)?
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
All rights reserved.
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Role play
Take turns playing the leader of the group
You already conducted the screening and selected group members who you think will be a good fit.
Practice leading the 1st group session- what information do you want to be sure to cover?
© 2015. Cengage Learning.
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