History Spotlight
week6/(example)Spotlight_ Mauritania - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
2017620 Spotlight: Mauritania 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779795/View 1/2
Population (July 2015) 3,596,702
Poverty Rate (2015) 40%
Literacy Rate (2015) 52.1%
System of Government Presidentiaal Republic
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What other name(s) has this nation/region been known as:
French West Africa
Basic Demographics
Top 5 Things to Know About this Nation
1. If you look at Mauritania from space, you can see a clear bull’seyelike image called “The Eye of Africa” with a diameter of about 30 miles. The cause of the ring is still argued among scientist.
2. Seventy percent of the country is desert which is growing due to droughts. 3. Three times the size of Arizona. 4. One of the last nations in the world to aboolish slavery, though it is estimated that there are nearly 100,000 slaves today.
5. Mauritania’s Bay of Nouadhibou, hides one of the biggest ship cemeteries in the world. There are more than 300 wrecks from all nations beached permanently on its shores.
Nation's Connection to Theme
This land represents the heart of the kingdoms of Mali, Ghana, and Songhai. Its extensive natural resources include an abundance of gold, which helps explain Mali's wealth and Sundiata's pilgimage to Mecca and his spending spree along the way.
Nation's Historical Significance to the World
The main commercial routes that connected the empires in Morocco with the south passed through Mauritania, carrying Saharan salt and Mediterranean luxury products such as fine cloth, brocades, and paper in exchange for gold.
The small political elite that guided the independence movement of the 1960s from France was divided over whether the country should be oriented toward Senegal and black, Frenchspeaking Africa or toward nearby Arab Morocco and the rest of the Arab world. This was complicated by the fact that Morocco was undergoing its own challenges with its ethnic identity. The political direction under its first king was one of cautious balance
2017620 Spotlight: Mauritania 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779795/View 2/2
between the country’s African and Arab roots; independence came with close ties to France and full participation in the Organization of African Unity (later the African Union) and also membership in the Arab League. The political conflict of those early years continues to manifest itself decades later.
Nation's Modern Day Significance to the World
Modernday slavery is still common in Mauritania now called human trafficking. Some estimates put the number enslaved at nearly 20% of the population, largely black Moors. Antitrafficking law enforcement efforts are virtually nonexistent. Prosecution of those who are holding individuals in bondage requires slaves, most of whom are illiterate, to file the complaint. NGOs (nongovermental organizations) provide most of the support to victims of slavery without support of the government. Now that alone should tell you a lot about the government of Mauritania.
week6/Activities Checklist - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
2017620 Activities Checklist
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779817/View 1/1
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To meet the learning objectives for this topic, you will complete these activities. Print this page and use it as a checklist.
Review the Introduction and Objectives page. Complete all activities on the Learning Activities page. Submit to the Spotlight Dropbox. Post any questions about the course or assignments in the Help! Discussion.
week6/Introduction and Objectives - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
2017620 Introduction and Objectives 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779816/View 1/1
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Introduction
Our spotlights throughout the term have focused on various nations in the continent we are exploring. This week continues that exploration as they span across the millennia. Play close attention to the diversity across the continent as well as those things that seemingly and distinctively make the particular nation an African nation.
Objectives
After completing the activities for this topic, you will be able to:
Trace specific a specific African country throughout history. Understand the diversity among African nations.
week6/Learning Activities - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
2017620 Learning Activities 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779818/View 1/1
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Hear This
Listen to this video of Bob Marley
Africa Unite
Click here to view the lyrics.
week6/Spotlight (Sudan).rtf
Spotlight on: Republic of the Sudan_
What other name(s) has this nation/region been known as :
Basic Demographics
Population
Poverty Rate
Literacy Rate
System of Government
Top 5 Things to Know about this Nation :
What is this nation’s historical significance to the world? Why? Be specific.
What is this nation’s modern day significance to the world? Why? Be specific.
week6/(example)Spotlight_ Egypt - 17.SU.HIS.2215.pdf
2017620 Spotlight: Egypt 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779787/View 1/2
Population (2015) 88,487,396
Poverty Rate (2015) 25.2
Literacy Rate (2015) 73.8
System of Government Republic
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What other name(s) has this nation/region been known as:
Kemet, Hikuptah
Basic Demographics
Top 5 8 Things to Know About this Nation (Egypt is way too important to history to limit to 5)
1. Egypt is a nation on the continent of Africa 2. The first pyramid The Step Pyramid of Djoser was built around 2600 BC 3. Its population is extremely diverse, their skin tone ranging in color from very dark to very light 4. The EgyptianHittite treaty is recognized as one of the earliest surviving peace accords in history. 5. Evidence suggests the pyramids were likely built by paid labor, not slaves, though Egypt did have slaves.
6. Scribes rarely wrote in hieroglyphic. Hieroglyphic was very intricate and timeconsuming it was therefore reserved for the most important texts such as decorating tomb and temple walls, and texts recording royal achievements.
7. Cleopatra was not Egyptian. Though she was born in Egypt she was actually Greek.
A fun, or gory, 8th thing to know:
8. When a body was mummified, its brain was removed through one of its nostrils and its intestines were also removed and placed in jars called canopic jars. Each organ was placed in its own jar. The only internal organ that was not removed was the heart, because Egyptians considered it to be the seat of the soul.
Nation's Connection to Theme
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with a multitude of deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces and elements of nature. The myths about these gods were meant to explain the origins and behavior of the forces they represented. The practices of Egyptian religion were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor.
Formal religious practice centered on the pharaoh, the king of Egypt. Although he was a human, the pharaoh was believed to be descended from the gods. He acted as the intermediary between his people and the gods, and was obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain order in the universe. Therefore, the state dedicated enormous resources to the performance of these rituals and to the construction of the temples where they were carried out. Individuals could also interact with the gods for their
2017620 Spotlight: Egypt 17.SU.HIS.2215.500 SURVEY OF AFRICAN HISTORY
https://elearn.sinclair.edu/d2l/le/content/82220/viewContent/2779787/View 2/2
own purposes, appealing for their help through prayer or compelling them to act through magic. These popular religious practices were distinct from, but closely linked with, the formal rituals and institutions. The popular religious tradition grew more prominent in the course of Egyptian history as the status of the pharaoh declined. Another important aspect of the religion was the belief in the afterlife and funerary practices. The Egyptians made great efforts to ensure the survival of their souls after death, providing tombs, grave goods, and offerings to preserve the bodies and spirits of the deceased.
The religion had its roots in Egypt's prehistory and lasted for more than 3,000 years. The details of religious belief changed over time as the importance of particular gods rose and declined, and their intricate relationships shifted. At various times certain gods became preeminent over the others, including the sun god Ra, the creator god Amun, and the mother goddess Isis. For a brief period, in the aberrant theology promulgated by the pharaoh Akhenaten, a single god, the Aten, replaced the traditional pantheon. Yet the overall system endured, even through several periods of foreign rule, until the coming of Christianity in the early centuries AD. It left behind numerous religious writings and monuments, along with significant influences on cultures both ancient and modern.
Nation's Historical Significance to the World
Wow! What didn't Egypt contribute to the world? Thinking back to Jared Diamond's video, Egypt was fortunate. The regular flooding of the Nile, leaving behind a rich soil, and it geographic isolation gave the ancient civilization the time and resources it needed to develop into one of the greatest civilizations known to history. Unlike many other ancient civilizations Egyptian history is preserved in their writings and artwork. We know the people asked, and answered, the same questions of all societies. What happens after death? How was the world created? What about the sun and moon, what happens to them when they are not shining?
The Egyptians gave us an understanding of medicine, mathematics, geometry and astrology. Again, the question must be asked what didn't we learn from Egypt. The answer would be very little cannot be connected in some way to these ingenious people.
Nation's Modern Day Significance to the World
Human trafficking is a major issue. Egypt is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Egyptian children, including the large population of street children are vulnerable to forced labor in domestic service, begging and agriculture or may be victims of sex trafficking or child sex tourism. Some women are sold into “temporary” or “summer” marriages with Gulf men, through the complicity of their parents or marriage brokers, and are exploited for prostitution or forced labor. Egyptian men are subject to forced labor in neighboring countries, while adults from South and Southeast Asia and East Africa – and increasingly Syrian refugees – are forced to work in domestic service, construction, cleaning, and begging in Egypt.