Final Self Reflection
5729sy93p
pocketspeak_ch_11121314.pptx
Today’s Agenda
Ch. 11: Organizing the Body of the Speech
Ch. 12: Setting an Organizational Pattern
Ch. 13: Outlining the Speech
Ch. 14: The Introduction and Conclusion
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 11
Organizing the Body of the Speech
3
Speech Structure
Introduction
Establishes purpose of the speech
Tells listeners where they are going
Gets the attention of the listeners
Body
Presents the main points
Takes listeners where they are going
Speech Structure (cont.)
Conclusion
Restates purpose
Summarizes the main points
Reiterates why the thesis is relevant
Lets listeners know they have arrived
Use Main Points to Make Your Claims
Main points
Express the key ideas of the speech
Represent the speech’s main claims
Use the purpose and thesis statements as guides
Use Main Points to Make Your Claims (cont.)
Restrict the number of main points
Limit to between two and seven
Express as declarative sentences
State in parallel form
Use Supporting Points to Prove Your Claims
Supporting points
Represent supporting material or evidence
Generate them to prove your thesis
Use Transitions to Give Direction
Transitions between main points
Tie speech ideas together
Single words, phrases, or full sentences
9
Transitions (cont.)
Use previews and summaries as transitions.
Preview statement in the introduction
Introduces main points of the speech
Internal previews
Alert listeners to shifts between points
Internal summary
Draws together important ideas before proceeding
Transitional Words and Phrases (cont.)
To summarize. Examples:
In conclusion
In summary
Finally
Let me conclude by saying
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Ch. 12 / Slide 12
12
Please take notes
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 12
Selecting an Organizational Pattern
14
Organizational Patterns
Patterns can include:
Chronological
Spatial
Cause-effect
Problem-solution
Topical
Narrative
Arranging Speech Points Chronologically
Chronological pattern of arrangement
Time-ordered sequence
Used with any type of speech (informative, persuasive, or special occasion)
Arranging Speech Points Using a Spatial Pattern
Spatial pattern of arrangement
When speaking about physical arrangement
Best with informative speeches and special occasion speeches
Arranging Speech Points Using a Cause-Effect Pattern
Causal (cause-effect) arrangement
Usually cause(s) followed by effect(s)
Used with any type of speech
Arranging Speech Points Using a Problem-Solution Pattern
Problem-solution pattern of arrangement
Problem first, then solution
Used best with informative (to explain and to report) and persuasive speeches
Arranging Speech Points Topically
Topical pattern of arrangement
Main points are subtopics of the speech topic
Arranged in any order
Order still given consideration
Used with any type of speech
Arranging Speech Points Using the Narrative Pattern
Narrative pattern of arrangement
Speech consists of a story
Includes character, settings, plot, and imagery
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© photo copyrights here
Ch. 12 / Slide 22
What Type of Organization?
22
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 13
Outlining the Speech
23
Two Outline Types
Working outline
Preparation or rough outline
Organizes and firms up main points
Develops supporting points to substantiate main points
Contains entire speech
24
Two Outline Types (cont.)
Speaking outline
Used when practicing speech
Can be used when delivering speech
Contains ideas in condensed form
Use Sentences, Phrases, or Key Words
Sentence outline
All points in sentence form
Declarative statements
Phrase outline
Partial construction of sentence form
Encourages familiarity with speech
Key-word outline
Smallest possible units of understanding
Sentences, Phrases, or Key Words (cont.)
Key-word or phrase outlines recommended
More eye contact with listeners
Greater freedom of movement
More natural
27
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© photo copyrights here
Ch. 12 / Slide 28
What Type of Outline?
28
Practice the Speech
Practice is key to success.
The more you rehearse, the more comfortable you’ll be when you speak
29
A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 14
Developing the Introduction and Conclusion
30
The Introduction
Introduction affects your entire speech
Listeners decide instantly whether they
Are interested in your topic
Will believe what you say
Will give you their full attention
The Introduction (cont.)
A good introduction
Arouses attention
Introduces topic and purpose
Establishes your credibility
Previews main points
Motivates audience to accept your goals
Introduction
What are some ways to grab listeners’ attention from the start?
How to Start a Speech
Gain Audience Attention
Methods of winning the audience’s attention from what you say, show, or do:
Tell a story
Motivates the audience to listen
Promotes greater understanding of the message
Establish common ground
Can refer to the occasion or to shared experiences
Creates a feeling of goodwill
36
Gain Audience Attention (cont.)
Offer unusual information
Surprises the audience
Pose a provocation question
Can be real or rhetorical
Should make the audience think
Gain Audience Attention (cont.)
Use humor
Can be effective and ethical if used appropriately
Avoid sarcasm and belittling humor
Use a quotation
Succinctly express speech’s theme
Word-for-word quotations or paraphrases
Preview the Topic and Purpose
Declare what your speech is about
Identify what you hope to accomplish
Establish Credibility as a Speaker
Make simple statement about your qualifications
Briefly emphasize your experience or knowledge
Preview the Main Points
Helps listeners mentally organize speech
Introductory preview is brief
Save in-depth discussion for the body
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© photo copyrights here
Ch. 12 / Slide 42
Let’s Critique the Introduction
42
Preparing the Conclusion
Conclusions serve to
Signal the end of the speech
Summarize the key points
Reiterate the central idea
Challenge the audience to respond
End the speech memorably
Signal the End of the Speech and Provide Closure
Use transitional words or phrases
Finally
In conclusion
Let me close by saying
Today, we have . . .
Adjust your manner of delivery.
Vary your tone, pitch, rhythm, rate.
Summarize the Key Points
Summarizing will
Help listeners to remember them
Bring speech full circle
Provide a sense of completion
Reiterate the Topic and Speech Purpose
Reiterate topic and purpose
Imprints them on the audience’s memory
46
Challenge the Audience to Respond
Informative speech challenges listeners to
Use what they’ve learned to benefit themselves
Persuasive speech challenges listeners to
Act in response to the speech
See the problem in a new way
Change their actions and beliefs
Make the Conclusion Memorable
Use attention-getting devices
Quotations and stories
Questions
Startling statements
Humor
References to the audience and occasion
©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© photo copyrights here
Ch. 12 / Slide 49
Let’s Critique the Conclusion
49
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