Project management_459

Project Management Fundamentals 3 Assign 1.docx

API College

SBM1201 PROJECT MANAGEMENT FUNDAMENTALS 3

REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Team Member Names:

BHARGAV KUMAR MUDA 201700149

LAKSHMI NARASIMHA KAMBAM 201700111

SANTHOSH KRISHNA REDDY AKKATI 201700175

PAVAN KUMAR GADDAE 201700503

14-04-2017

Project Management Fundamentals 3 Literature Review -Reverse Vending Machine

Project Management Fundamentals 3 Literature Review -Reverse Vending Machine

Page 1

SBM 1201 Literature Review Page 10

Table of Contents 1 Project title 3 2 Introduction 3 3 Project Information (required Assignment 1) 3 3.1 Project background 3 3.2 Project Analysis (e.g. SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces Model) 3 3.3 Project Scope 4 3.4 SBM1201: High level WBS 5 3.5 Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints 5 3.6 Expected outcomes/benefits 5 4 Literature Review 5 4.1 SBM1201: Literature Summary for Project Scope, Time and Cost Management 6 4.2 Literature Summary Relating to the Project Topic 8 5 Summary 9 6 References 10

The nature of the project is based on the research on Reverse Vending Machine and its construction principles. The supporting organization for this project is “City of Sydney”, a developmental organization run by the government of New South Wales, Australia.

This project plan deals with the development of a Reverse Vending Machine (RVM). Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has been a standout amongst the best refreshment bundling materials around the world. Most utilized PET containers would end up noticeably squander after their use. In numerous nations, for example, Germany and the United States, Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) has been broadly used to gather recyclable squanders including PET containers from buyers as a component of their reusing and switch coordination programs. Such machine builds amount and nature of reused PET containers. In any case, RVM is still moderately new in various countries of the world. With the developing effect of non-recyclable things like plastic containers, sacks and others on the earth, researchers have communicated their stresses in regards to the annihilation of the earth by these things. Moreover, with the increasing usage of these items, the main concern is that the users dispose these products anywhere in mass quantities. As a result, the environment is getting polluted that in turn negatively affects the ecosystem. One of the major areas to be addressed in this context is the extensive use of vending machines around the world. The consumers buy soft drinks and colas from these vending machines and throw the cans anywhere. Hence, in order to address this issue, the idea of a reverse vending machine has been born. Notwithstanding enormous endeavours spent by both private and government parts in empowering all the more reusing in Various countries of the world, the reusing rate is still generally low with just around 22% of its squanders being reused contrasted with the US, where roughly 34% of its squanders are reused. This is shocking in light of the fact that, with legitimate administration on reusing exercises, more squanders could have been utilized as crude materials for assembling and would bring about the decline of requests on virgin materials. Returning usable materials into assembling procedures is additionally some portion of switch coordination.

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By this growing impact of non-recyclable items like plastic bottles, bags and others on the environment, scientists have expressed their worries regarding the destruction of the environment by these items. Moreover, with the increasing usage of these items, the main concern is that the users dispose these products anywhere in mass quantities. As a result, the environment is getting polluted that in turn negatively affects the ecosystem. One of the major areas to be addressed in this context is the extensive use of vending machines around the world. The purchasers purchase soda cans and colas from these machines and toss the cans anyplace. Consequently, with a specific end goal to address this issue, the possibility of a turn around RVM has been conceived. The operating principle of the reverse vending machine is that instead of buying cola cans, the consumers will have to insert the used cola cans in the machine and in return, they will receive some coins. After the machine is full, some staffs will collect all the cans and dispose them in a suitable area.

The project can be analysed using SWOT analysis that is shown in the following table.

Porter’s Five Forces Model can also be used to analyse the project. As per (), "Porter’s five forces investigation is a structure that endeavours to break down the level of rivalry inside an industry and business methodology improvement. It draws upon modern association financial aspects to infer five strengths that decide the focused force and along these lines appeal of an Industry. Engaging quality in this setting alludes to the general business benefit. An unattractive industry is one in which the mix of these five powers acts to drive down general productivity. An extremely unattractive industry would be one moving toward immaculate rivalry, in which accessible benefits for all organizations are headed to ordinary benefit."

The scope of the project covers the following items.

· Design of a new reverse vending machine

· Structuring of new protocols for disposal of the cola cans

· Implementation of new usage policies of the reverse vending machine

The objectives of the project are as follows.

· To design a new reverse vending machine

· To design new protocols for the disposal of the cola cans and other materials collected in the machine

· To apply new usage policies and allowances for the reverse vending machines

· To convince different retailers to use the reverse vending machine extensively

· To promote the use of the reverse vending machine among the consumers

· To warn the consumers regarding the harmful effects of the disposal of the cans at random places

The expected benefit is that the harmful effects on the environment will be significantly reduced by this new reverse vending machine. Moreover, the excess costs of cleaning the random places where the cans and other plastic materials will be significantly reduced.

Scope statement of a project characterizes the extension and constraints of a project. At the point when the project plan is readied, the project scope articulation is utilized to characterize the correct arrangement of project deliverables that can be accomplished with the execution of the project (Abdelal, Blyth & Parsons, 2015). Once more, keeping in mind the end goal to characterize the deliverables that cannot be accomplished from the project, the out-of-degree rundown is arranged and utilized under the scope statement of the project.

The time of the project is defined by the life cycle within which, the project will be initiated and then completed. The project life cycle is defined and estimated using project management tools and the project must be completed within this specific period.

According to Gronwald (2017), the life cycle of the project is based on the following phases:

· The initiation of a project is the stage where the prerequisites of the project are chosen and investigated. Amid this stage, a rundown of the considerable number of prerequisites is made so that a legitimate project plan can be produced (Eastham et al., 2014). For this part, every one of the partners get together to talk about the conceivable results and the required deliverables of the project.

· The next stage is the project management stage where the project strategic intents are defined. The underlying piece of the arranging incorporates the statement of work (SOW) where the last rundown of deliverables is readied and obligations are separated between every one of the partners. This empowers the partners to comprehend their obligations before the start of the project.

The scheduling for this project is shown in the following table.

The overall costs of the project are estimated during scheduling of the project. The estimation of costs helps in preparing the overall budget of the project that must not be exceeded during the project.

The scope of the project is defined by the stakeholders who control the events executed during the course of the project. According to Burke (2013), any project must have sufficient stakeholders who will manage the progress of the project from the beginning to the end. A project has various high-positioned employees who are in charge of overseeing distinctive parts of a project in view of their own abilities and skill. These employees are known as stakeholders. The roles and duties of the stakeholders must be allocated in view of their skill keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee the achievement of the project. Traceability matrix is a grid sort record that is utilized to approve the deliverables of the project in view of the standard arrangements of rules, directions and conventions (Cavusgil et al., 2014). For example, in this chosen project, there are organization rules and conventions with respect to conveyance of administrations, worldwide wander and others. Once the rundown of deliverables are readied, it is checked whether these deliverables conform to the conventions or not utilizing the traceability network. These rules and guidelines are considered while preparing the project scope.

According to Gronwald (2017), the final scope of the project is only verified when all the stakeholders agree to it and sign the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is the shared agreement between every one of the partners of the project. After the readiness of the project arrange, every one of the partners get together to examine the project in detail. when every one of the partners concur with the project arrange, a MoU contract is signed by every one of them and simply from that point forward, the project can be continued with. These are an arrangement of interior and outside elements of the organization that decide the accomplishment of the project (Rose, 2013). These components incorporate money related condition, inside legislative issues, authoritative culture, administrative condition and others.

According to the works of Tomari et al. (2017), notwithstanding enormous endeavours spent by both private and government parts in empowering all the more reusing in Various countries of the world, the reusing rate of different plastic materials is still generally low with just around 22% of its squanders being reused contrasted with the US, where roughly 34% of its squanders are reused. This is shocking in light of the fact that, with legitimate administration on reusing exercises, more squanders could have been utilized as crude materials for assembling and would bring about the decline of requests on virgin materials. Returning usable materials into assembling procedures is additionally some portion of switch co ordinations.

Korucu et al. (2016) said that Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) has been a standout amongst the best refreshment bundling materials around the world. Most utilized PET containers would end up noticeably squander after their use. In numerous nations, for example, Germany and the United States, Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) has been broadly used to gather recyclable squanders including PET containers from buyers as a component of their reusing and switch co ordinations programs. Such machine builds amount and nature of reused PET containers. In any case, RVM is still moderately new in various countries of the world. Subsequently, this review has been directed to learn acknowledgment of the machine by customers alongside its effect on amount and nature of reused PET jugs (Rubio & Lazaro, 2016). The review has found that around 21% a greater amount of PET jugs were gathered when a RVM is introduced in the review zone contrasted with its Business as Usual (BAU) squander accumulation in the zone, which depends entirely on building janitors to gather squander. Regarding waste quality, PET containers gathered by the machine were well homogenous with negligible substance of different sorts of materials (e.g., lingering substance, tops, and straws).

Gruen and Liang (2016) said that utilized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) jugs are presumably ones of the most essential recyclable squanders. PET plastic is the world most positive drink bundling material because of its phenomenal properties. PET is outstanding for its unbreakable and low weight contrasted with glass bottles with a similar limit. As announced by the Pollution Control Department (PCD) of various countries of the world, plastic is additionally one of the primary Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs) in the nations.

It is evident from the works of Alrehily, Fallatah and Thayananthan (2015) that as per the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers (APR), tops and marks are ones of the most imperative contaminants and should be expelled from reused PET jugs. These segments of holders are made of various types of non-PET materials and would make issues plastic reclaimers. Tragically, the National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) detailed that full-wrap shrivel names represent 3% and 6% by weight of reused jugs gathered in the US and Canada in 2011, individually.

In this progression, squander quality, particularly as far as waste homogeneousness, is a standout amongst the most critical worries of the producers. There have been confirmations showing that ineffectively sorted reused plastics can prompt low quality of crude materials.

Subsequently, dependable and proficient pre-prepare sorting strategies assume a critical part in throughput and cost of reusing procedure. Invert Vending Machine (RVM) is most likely one of the answers for be utilized to expand amount and nature of recyclable squanders (Sambrook, 2013). RVM is remaining a solitary machine with unmanned reusing gear introduced. When all is said in done, RVMs are intended to money back cash to clients who store squanders at the machines. The primary RVM was developed in 1972 by The Tomra Company. It has been broadly utilized as a part of the US for reusing drink compartments, particularly for the ones subject to the Bottle Bills (Thayananthan, Alrehily & Fallatah, 2015). For instance, under the bill, more than 16.5 billion drink compartments have been reused every year in California. The RVM, be that as it may, is still generally new in various countries of the world and has not been broadly utilized yet.

The initiation of a project is the stage where the prerequisites of the project are chosen and investigated. Amid this stage, a rundown of the considerable number of prerequisites is made so that a legitimate project plan can be produced. For this part, every one of the partners get together to talk about the conceivable results and the required deliverables of the project. The next stage is the project management stage where the project strategic intents are defined. The underlying piece of the arranging incorporates the statement of work (SOW) where the last rundown of deliverables is readied and obligations are separated between every one of the partners. This empowers the partners to comprehend their obligations before the start of the project. With the growing impact of non-recyclable items like plastic bottles, bags and others on the environment, scientists have expressed their worries regarding the destruction of the environment by these items. Moreover, with the increasing usage of these items, the main concern is that the users dispose these products anywhere in mass quantities. As a result, the environment is getting polluted that in turn negatively affects the ecosystem. One of the major areas to be addressed in this context is the extensive use of vending machines around the world. The consumers buy soft drinks and colas from these vending machines and throw the cans anywhere. Hence, in order to address this issue, the idea of a reverse vending machine has been born. The operating principle of the reverse vending machine is that instead of buying cola cans, the consumers will have to insert the used cola cans in the machine and in return, they will receive some coins. When the machine is full automatically waste management system will take care of the waste to recycle that.

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