English Correction- Chichi2

Running head: RACISM AND ETHNIC

DISCRIMINATION 1

Racism and Ethnic Discrimination effects and Coping

Submitted by: Damon Lewis

Submitted to: Christine Pavesic

Course: EH 1020-15G-19, English Composition II

Date: 05/16/2017

RACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 2

Introduction

Racism and Ethnic Discrimination has been a life issue all over in the streets of United States of

America. However, the minority groups that reside in the United States of America have been

living with being subject to discrimination that widely ranges from physical violence to hate

speeches. But then, of late there has been raising cases of black, white intermarriage in the

United States of America; Youths have developed a progressive view on the matter, where youth

Americans on a survey conducted in 2014 show that they accept getting in a relationship with

people from different ethnicity or race. These depict how racism is at its final lap in the lives of

the residents in the United States. But does it mean that final lap always ends with a mighty

strength; Perhaps from the cases of black men dying from gun bullets in the recent days of

America, it is complicated to come to a conclusion on the matters pertaining racism and

discrimination in the United States of America. Students from the black backgrounds were on the

streets most recently protesting against racism in the learning institutions of the United States of

America. We are therefore made to understand that, racism and discrimination are widespread

throughout the United States of America; despite the prevalence, the effects are not shared

mutually. The intensity of the impacts of racism and ethnicity is most probably felt differently in

regions of the United States. For instance, the United States’ small towns and its main rural areas

are the hot pot of the case’s activities where racism and ethnic discrimination is highly felt.

Victims of the circumstance majorly range from black Americans, Muslims, Hispanics and any

other minority group that exists in the particular areas. Anti-discrimination law was put in place

to counter attack the virtue. The law dictates that the rights of people living in the United States

RACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 3

should be observed and equal treatment regardless of ethnic group or race. Despite the existence

of the law implementation, racism and ethnic discrimination still show up in the lives of

Americans to today.

Literature Review

In the analysis to get a real image of racism and Ethnicity plus how it has impacted lives in the

United States of America, we must check and highlight on most appearing virtues of the

discriminations. Perhaps, this review will follow in details the perspectives and nature at which

ethnicity and racism exist in day to day life of American people. Racism in nature has hazardous

effects even though the people involved at some point may not perceive the attributes. The

review will also put into discussion various effective coping techniques that are employed to deal

with episodes of ethnicity and racism in the societies.

The effects of racism and ethnicity in people’s lives might be a health risk that in a way can lead

to impairments. From studies and research on the effects of racism, it was recorded that racism is

a very complicated stressor that requires various coping ways to be able to handle its effects in

people’s lives. Kaholokula, Joseph, Antonio, Mapuana, Ing, Claire, Hermosura, Andrea, Hall,

Kimberly, Knight, Rebecca, & Wills, Thomas. (2017). Also, the understanding of the features of

racism incidents and determining a relevant coping depends on the various context of exposure.

These can be physical or social; therefore people should cope with the virtue of racism to better

their disadvantaged situations.

However, the emotional magnitude that can include anger, hopelessness and other bad feelings

are the main aspects that go hand in hand with the living of the marginalized groups in the

RACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 4

United States of America; In Bates, K. A., & In Swan, R. S. (2010). These aspects in a way may

directly or indirectly cause poverty plus exposure toxicities to even change of family structure

for the minority groups. Cases of racism or ethnic based maltreatment can occur in various ways

and different places; therefore there are also different effective ways to handle the situation, for

instance coping response that is appropriate regarding the nature of maltreatment; the

effectiveness nature varies and depends on the context in which discrimination occurs.

Consequently, variations in the nature and intensity of the threat are some of the factors that will

determine the effectiveness and choice of appropriate coping technique to be employed

Kaholokula, et, al (2017). Also, the obvious level of intentionality by the perpetrator and

accessibility of resources that will aid the disadvantaged victim to deal with the matter are the

factor that also deters the coping strategies effeteness degree.

However, when we take a look at the models of coping, we realize that there are different

reviewed approaches in dealing with racism and ethnicity caused stress to the minority groups.

But then, not all models achieve to explicitly deliver strategies meant to counter interpersonal

conflicts related to ethnicity and racism discrimination in the United States of America as far as

related emotions are concerned, Clive Barnett, (1999). These models always do not handle acute

cases for instance in response to perpetrator at the time of ethnically related discrimination and

coping with awareness of a racism-related and will likely be a challenge thus can be termed as an

ongoing stressor that is in real life situation. Also, the model do not identify directly on the

episode it addresses at a go, for instance handling racism or ethnicity and handling consequences

for example poverty, discrimination in employment and others are two different areas that limit

the attention of the models Clive Barnett, (1999).

RACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 5

Consequently, studies have it that pride on ethnicity and racial identity is of benefits to some

point In Bates, K. A, et, al (2010); these are derived from the attention subjected to victims. But

also they are not adequate to offset the racism and ethnicity effects on the development

symptoms of depression that will increase the depth of harm and perceptions of race and ethnic

discrimination. Concerning the empowerment of the disadvantaged group in developing and

making a choice on techniques to deal with racism and ethnicity discrimination, it is of

significance to put measures that empowers the disadvantaged groups.

Regarding the various approaches on racism and ethnicity, additional ways of coping are needed

at a go Kaholokula, et, al (2017). It is observed that effective ways for quickly handling and

overruling an episode of racism and ethnicity are not necessarily the same to those required to

handle the possibility of a bit longer case and thus explain the need for varieties of coping

strategies. Therefore, a significant need is owed to researching on further strategies for handling

ethnicity and racism in the United States of America; offsetting its impacts on the lives of the

marginalized groups has never been successful, no strategy has emerged to handle the situation

without considerable limitations.

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References

In Bates, K. A., & In Swan, R. S. (2010). Through the eye of Katrina: Social justice in the

United States.

Kaholokula, Joseph, Antonio, Mapuana, Ing, Claire, Hermosura, Andrea, Hall, Kimberly,

Knight, Rebecca, & Wills, Thomas. (2017). The effects of perceived racism on psychological

distress mediated by venting and disengagement coping in Native Hawaiians. (BioMed Central

Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.

Clive Barnett, (1999). Culture, government and spatiality: Reassessing the ‘Foucault effect’ in

cultural-policy studies. International Journal of Cultural Studies. 2 (3): 369-397.