psychology homework
Chapter 8
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Historical views of autism
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
Clinical description
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Social interaction and social communication deficits
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Social interaction and social communication deficits
Reciprocity
Relationships
Nonverbal and verbal communication
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Social interaction and social communication deficits
Restricted, repetitive behaviors
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Social interaction and social communication deficits
Restricted, repetitive behaviors
Self-stimulation
Insistence on sameness
Restricted interests
Hyper- or hyporeactivity
Clinical description
Variety of functioning (between and within)
Social interaction and social communication deficits
Restricted, repetitive behaviors
http://autismspeaks.player.abacast.com/asdvideoglossary-0.1/autismspeaks/login
Associated features
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Cognitive deficits
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Cognitive deficits
Importance of people vs. things
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Cognitive deficits
Importance of people vs. things
Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Cognitive deficits
Importance of people vs. things
Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM
Executive functions: inhibition, planning, shift tasks, central coherence
Associated features
Intelligence varies
Cognitive deficits
Importance of people vs. things
Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM
Executive functions: inhibition, planning, shift tasks, central coherence
Physical characteristics
Prevalence
Prevalence
Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%
Prevalence
Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%
All SES levels
Prevalence
Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%
All SES levels
Boys 3-4:1 ratio to girls
Prevalence
Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%
All SES levels
Boys 3-4:1 ratio to girls
Cultural issues
Developmental course
Developmental course
Onset
Developmental course
Onset
Outcome
Etiology
Etiology
NOT environmental
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Variety of risk factors
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!
Genetic influences
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!
Genetic influences
Brain abnormalities
Etiology
NOT environmental
Organic
Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!
Genetic influences
Brain abnormalities
Lack of connectivity
Brain area differences
Dysfunction of mirror neurons
Neuron overgrowth
High serotonin
Extreme Male Brain?
Assessment
Treatment
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Behavioral programs
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH
Medications to alleviate symptoms
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH
Medications to alleviate symptoms
Floortime?
Treatment
Treatment
What doesn’t work?
Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH
Medications to alleviate symptoms
Floortime?
Family support
Further information
www.dafeat.com – Dayton Area Families for Effective Autism Treatment
www.autism-society.org – Autism Society
Differential Diagnosis – ID vs. ASD
My child can’t seem to get along with anyone
My child never hugs me
My child runs awkwardly
My child wants to play with other kids but doesn’t seem to know how
My child avoids other children
My child hugs people too much
My child seems to be in his own world
My child throws a tantrum when she does not get her way
My child does not understand expressions like, “let’s hit the road.”
My child speaks like a much younger child
My child repeats things over and over, such as lines from a movie, that do not make sense in the situation that she’s in at the time
My child is fascinated by the vacuum cleaner but not regular toys
My child is not learning new things
Quiz
Next time…
Trauma disorders