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autism.pptx

Chapter 8

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Historical views of autism

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

Clinical description

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Social interaction and social communication deficits

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Social interaction and social communication deficits

Reciprocity

Relationships

Nonverbal and verbal communication

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Social interaction and social communication deficits

Restricted, repetitive behaviors

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Social interaction and social communication deficits

Restricted, repetitive behaviors

Self-stimulation

Insistence on sameness

Restricted interests

Hyper- or hyporeactivity

Clinical description

Variety of functioning (between and within)

Social interaction and social communication deficits

Restricted, repetitive behaviors

http://autismspeaks.player.abacast.com/asdvideoglossary-0.1/autismspeaks/login

Associated features

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Cognitive deficits

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Cognitive deficits

Importance of people vs. things

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Cognitive deficits

Importance of people vs. things

Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Cognitive deficits

Importance of people vs. things

Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM

Executive functions: inhibition, planning, shift tasks, central coherence

Associated features

Intelligence varies

Cognitive deficits

Importance of people vs. things

Social/emotional processing: pretend, ToM

Executive functions: inhibition, planning, shift tasks, central coherence

Physical characteristics

Prevalence

Prevalence

Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%

Prevalence

Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%

All SES levels

Prevalence

Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%

All SES levels

Boys 3-4:1 ratio to girls

Prevalence

Recent studies: 1 in 68-88, 1-2%

All SES levels

Boys 3-4:1 ratio to girls

Cultural issues

Developmental course

Developmental course

Onset

Developmental course

Onset

Outcome

Etiology

Etiology

NOT environmental

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Variety of risk factors

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!

Genetic influences

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!

Genetic influences

Brain abnormalities

Etiology

NOT environmental

Organic

Variety of risk factors – not linked to vaccines!

Genetic influences

Brain abnormalities

Lack of connectivity

Brain area differences

Dysfunction of mirror neurons

Neuron overgrowth

High serotonin

Extreme Male Brain?

Assessment

Treatment

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Behavioral programs

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH

Medications to alleviate symptoms

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH

Medications to alleviate symptoms

Floortime?

Treatment

Treatment

What doesn’t work?

Behavioral programs: ABA, TEACCH

Medications to alleviate symptoms

Floortime?

Family support

Further information

www.dafeat.com – Dayton Area Families for Effective Autism Treatment

www.autism-society.org – Autism Society

Differential Diagnosis – ID vs. ASD

My child can’t seem to get along with anyone

My child never hugs me 

My child runs awkwardly

My child wants to play with other kids but doesn’t seem to know how

My child avoids other children

My child hugs people too much

My child seems to be in his own world

My child throws a tantrum when she does not get her way

My child does not understand expressions like, “let’s hit the road.”

My child speaks like a much younger child

My child repeats things over and over, such as lines from a movie, that do not make sense in the situation that she’s in at the time

My child is fascinated by the vacuum cleaner but not regular toys

My child is not learning new things

Quiz

Next time…

Trauma disorders