2500 words dissertation proposal

Dissertation Proposal

Dissertation Proposal

Topic: Exploring the Health and educational impacts of the rise in teenage prostitution in post war Sierra Leone

Introduction

Prostitution, the act of giving sexual services consequently to instalment or other quick remuneration, is one of the world's most established callings. In Freetown, Sierra Leone it has picked up pace in especially the last 10 years.Offering Providing sex in exchange for money or other resources is not in itself unlawful, but rather solicitation is. As of now, in Sierra Leone, sex work is, in fact, illicit. In any case, in the UK, Netherlands, and Germany, sex for money is legitimate Comment by Author: Possibly a ‘calling’ for some, for others not…. Comment by Author: Where ? so is it unlawful in Sierra Leone? Probably better to just stick to the context you are working in rather than talking about other countries – here you say it is not unlawful – but in the next sentence you say it is …

A time of contention has made neediness in Sierra Leone so terrible that numerous families can't stand to deal with their youngsters. More than 1,500 kids live in the city in Freetown alone, making a living doing odd employments. They are the kids most in peril of savagery and sexual mishandle. At a truck stop in the eastern piece of the capital, numerous youngsters come to rest in the void shells of vehicles. Prostitutes and addicts likewise come there. The obvious huge increment in the quantity of teenage sex workers in the Sierra Leone after the war is turning into a formula for disaster. Comment by Author: Meaning what? They are not able to support them financially? Comment by Author: Bit vague – what age? Is this children and young people…? Comment by Author: What do you mean by this? Comment by Author: Exploitation may be a more recognise/useful term. Comment by Author: Sleep? Comment by Author: A bit sensationalist – better to talk in concrete terms – what is the impact of this e.g direct impacts on health and wellbeing of young people – give some stats – indicate what you mean by the ‘disaster’

Background

Sierra Leone civil war began on March 23, 1991. The war began when the Revolutionary United Front with Special Forces help tried to overthrow the government. This war led to many deaths and instability in the country. Poverty and destruction of property hit the nation and left many children homeless. This led to teenagers engaging in prostitution and drug abuse. Comment by Author: Any data to back this up?

In 2015, Sierra Leone attempted an insignificant headway in endeavoursto wipe out the most exceedingly awful types of child work and prostitution. Regardless of new activities to address it, Sierra Leone is getting this evaluation since it executed a relapse in approach that deferred headway in wiping out the most noticeably awful types of child work. Young ladies who were pregnant were disallowed by a Government approach from taking auxiliary and post-optional school placement tests or going to customary state funded schools amid the revealing time frame, making them more defenceless against the most exceedingly awful types of child labour. Something else, the Government endeavours by propelling its National Ebola Recovery Strategy and concluding its human trafficking records and a National Referral Mechanism to help casualties of human trafficking. Kids in Sierra Leone are occupied with hard labour and prostitution, incorporating into farming, and in the most exceedingly bad types of hard work, incorporating into precious stone mining. Sierra Leone's laws don't shield youngsters from contribution in perilous work and the nation does not have an affirmed national law to prohibit prostitution and child labour. Comment by Author: Meaning what? Was there a policy change? If so what was it - ? Comment by Author: What evaluation? Comment by Author: Again a bit unclear – what exactly are you referring to here… The point seems to be that policies, rather than promoting children and young people’s health actually made the situation worse for them e.g by denying access to education for pregnant girls etc… Comment by Author: The connection is not clear – so is it that resources were diverted to Ebola and NRM and therefore not available to support other children/young people? Comment by Author: Use data/literature to support these points/

The neediness level in the nation has improved the pool of the uneducated children in the general public, making a potential peril for the future offspring of the nation, who might be supported by these to a great extent uneducated present and future moms. Thus, the paper has displayed the requirement for young lady tyke instruction in the Sierra Leone country building process. It has additionally highlighted various post struggle stretch issue and different difficulties which were experienced by the children. At long last, it requires all partners in the nation to advance instruction in one way or the other for enhanced national improvement. Comment by Author: A bit unclear again – not sure I understand what the main point is here…

Sierra Leone is positioned as having the most astounding under-five death rate on the planet, with right around one out of each three kids passing on before the age of 5 years. Young people aged 10–19 years constitute around 20% of the populace and a large portion of them achieve adulthood with little learning about reproduction. Most youngsters matured in the vicinity of 10 and 25 years have no correct learning about sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, and dangerous sexual conduct is basic among them. Since 2008, a noteworthy segment of the re-establishedendeavours to enhance dietary status of youngsters and prevent lack of healthy sustenance has been the appropriation of group based administration of intense hunger. This approach advances the treatment as outpatients in group based wellbeing offices of seriously malnourished kids in a steady therapeutic condition and with craving. Comment by Author: Need to reference/support these claims Comment by Author: So this is all about nutrition. While it is important to note that children/young people are malnourished (one of the causes that may lead to prostitution) – its important not to get detracted from the main topic of your dissertation –

The execution of this bundle has brought about an expanded scope of medical care to malnourished kids from three customary feeding units to nine that are very much incorporated into the group based administration of intense malnutrition. Significant endeavours keep on ensuring that there is no less than one feeding centres in each hospital.

Gender is the state of being female or male. The World Health Organization characterizes gender as the aftereffect of socially developed thoughts regarding the conduct, activities, and parts a specific sex performs. The convictions, qualities and demeanour taken up and displayed by them is according to the pleasing standards of the general public and the individual assessments of the individual is not taken into the essential thought of task of sex and inconvenience of sex parts according to the relegated gender. Intersections of the endorsed limits have no place in the field of the social build of the expression "sexual orientation".

The expanding field of sexual orientation and political conduct demonstrates that the path in which customary subjects interface with the fair procedure is gendered. Sex contrasts in voting conduct and interest rates hold on crosswise over popular governments. In the meantime, nations fluctuate significantly in the extent of these sex crevices. In contemporary races, ladies women tend to bolster radical gatherings more than men in numerous nations. Despite the fact that men and ladies vote at comparative rates today, ladies still trail men in vital participatory mentalities and exercises, for example, political intrigue and dialog. Imbalances in political contribution undermine the nature of consideration, portrayal, and authenticity in the fair procedure.The administration is attempting to bring kids once again into schools, so they are not presented to the perils of the streets. In any case, aid specialists say until the main problems of destitution and manhandle in homes change, the number of road children in Sierra Leone will increase thus will the danger of them being trafficked, mishandled, and sexually misused. Comment by Author: I am not sure the full relevance of this section – could be stated in one or two sentences about gender inequality and how that contributes to the problem you are looking at – keep focused on the issue you are investigating – a few too many tangents here. Comment by Author: Meaning? Comment by Author: Meaning what exactly? Comment by Author: GOOD this is a really key point

Conceptual framework (My tutor had advise that I use the Ottawa Charter and it three key elements and the Capacity approach as my Conceptual Framework

OTTOWA CHARTER

CAPABILITY APPROACH (?) =

This review uses the descriptive strategy for research. The motivation behind utilizing the distinct strategy is to portray the way of a condition, as it happens amid the time of the review and to investigate the cause or reasons for a specific condition. The scientist picked to utilize this sort of research considering the longing to gain direct information from the respondents to plan objective and sound conclusions and suggestions for the review. As indicated by Creswell (1994), the elucidating strategy for research is to accumulate data about the present existing condition. Since this review is concentrated on the discernment or assessment contrast of the two settings, the expressive technique is the most proper strategy to utilize. In this research I’ll be choosing gender relations and human capital theory. Comment by Author: Meaning what exactly? Comment by Author: Which two settings? Comment by Author: But you need to engage with health promotion and particularly the Ottawa Charter as one of your frameworks

1. Gender relations(Delete)

Gender relations are the social and monetary connections which exist in any family, group, working environment or society amongst betweenmales and females. Brutality against women in Sierra Leone is a tireless issue that can confine the capacity of ladies to add to society and advancement. As per the UN, about all Sierra Leonean women endure some type of savagery in their lifetime. Guaranteeing both men and women comprehend brutality as an encroachment of their basic rights and have sufficient plan of action to change for savagery is in this manner imperative in activating the whole populace in endeavours to modify the nation and move towards advancement. Comment by Author: Reference Comment by Author: I doubt the UN uses this term do they? Comment by Author: A word that has no clear definition – can you find something more concrete to explain the circumstances

Most of these teenage prostitute go through brutality mostly by men. They are raped, beaten and end up not being paid after the sexual offer. These female prostitutes end up contracting sexual transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. Young ladies are tortured by men who even fail to pay after the sexual favours. They are forced to have unprotected sex and other un natural sexual activities like sodomy. Comment by Author: You haven’t yet said anything about the scale of this problem/issue – this is what needs to be set up in the introduction; are you focusing on girls/young women - ? how many are there? Where are they? What exactly is the problem of their involvement in prostitution and its impact on their health and wellbeing – you have a few insights in your introductory section but the statement of the problem and rationale for your project are not quite clear enough yet.

2. Human capital theory(delete)

Human capital is a term promoted by Gary Becker, a financial expert from the Chicago University, and Jacob Mincer that refers to a load of knowledge, habit, social and identity properties, including inventiveness, embodied in the capacity to perform work so as to deliver monetary value.

Researchers of financial advancement have contended that war can affect later monetary performance of a nation: war devastates physical capital and foundation and upsets human capital collection, and it might likewise harm establishments by making political instability, annihilating the social texture and jeopardizing common liberties.

As per the case of Sierra Leone, human economic productivity was greatly reduced by the civil war. Many people were left dead and incapacitated hence labourers reduced greatly. Most children turned to the streets for up keep after the civil war in Sierra Leone. This meant that they no longer went to school due to poverty, instability and lack of shelter brought about after the war. The kids engaged in prostitution to earn their daily bread. This meant that most kids failed to attend school due to lack of funds and directions from parents. Comment by Author: This is good and would be better in your introductory section since it more clearly explains what the issue/problem is.

Low school turn out ensured that little or no children graduated from school institutions. These kids would not get formal employment due to lack of qualifications. This meant that these kids would not contribute to the economy and development due to lack of employment. Comment by Author: Again important background

Aims and objectives of the study

The essential goal i Comment by Author: Link to SDGs

The overall aim iss to look at and determine the components identified with the rise in teenage prostitution in Sierra Leone. The major objective of the research is to determine the cause of the rise of teenage prostitutes in Sierra Leone. The attempts may answer the following questions:

1. What is already known about are some of the reasons situation of that causes children prostitution phenomenon in Sierra Leone? Comment by Author: This will be answered by your literature review

a) What are its causes?

b) What have been the responses from government/non-governmental organisations (in Sierra Leone and elsewhere)?.

2. Why are young women become involved in prostitution and what at are the challenges affecting these street children as they practice prostitution them? .

3. What could policies/interventions do to better promote the health and wellbeing of children and young people in prostitution?

Methodology(I am using focus group/peer group discussion/ through an NGO like FAWE/Street Kids as highlighted by my tutor.

Introduction

CASE STUDY – ONE AREA;’YOUNG WOMEN ATTACHED TO/SUPPORTED BY 1 NG0 =

· Discuss with NGO about what would be useful to know/understand to support their work with young women involved in prostitution

· 10-15 young women

· Possible small groups/ focus groups or individual or paired interviews

Focus is on – what led them into prostitution; challenges they face and what they would value in terms of intervention/support -=

This study will focus on teenage prostitution phenomena in Sierra Leone. It deals with how the teenagersyoung women end up in the streets and the problems they go through there in relation to . These children suffer and engage in prostitution and child labour.

Overall approach

This study will use comparative approach. The decision of comparative approach is because of the need to decide as obviously as could reasonably be expected, exactly how seriously burdened streetkids are and how they suffer in the streets due to poor health and lack of education.Three hundred street children will be questioned on matters relating to their health and education. Overview and interview strategies were the two inquire about instruments utilized for the information gathering. Comment by Author: Comparing what Comment by Author: Far too many Comment by Author: So has the research already been done?

Study design

This review will utilize the descriptive technique for research. The reason for utilizing the descriptive strategy is to portray the way of a condition, as it happens amid the time of the review and to investigate the cause or reasons for a specific condition. I selected to utilize this sort of research considering the longing to secure direct information from the respondents to detailed and sound conclusions and proposals for the review. Comment by Author: Rather unclear – let’s discuss in tutorial

Methods

1. Literature search

I will utilize two sorts of information: the essential and the auxiliary information. The essential information will gotten from the appropriate responses respondents will give in the organized interview. What's more, the data got from the meeting likewise will give essential research information that will bolster the review. The auxiliary information then again, will be gotten from the discoveries expressed in distributed records and literary works identified with the examination issue. These will be based on the current written works identified with street kids and the ideas referred to by the respondents. Comment by Author: You won’t use interview data in your literature review – need to separate out these elements of your research – let’s discuss

Which databases will be used?

Which research terms?

Over what time period will your search cover?

What inclusion/exclusion criteria will you use for your literature review ?

2. Field work

The study will utilize a questionnaire to gather data on factors leading to prostitution, lack of education and health impact to these prostitute teenagers. The main aim of the questionnaire is to find out the major causes of teenagersprostitution, health and educational impact of it in Sierra Leone. Comment by Author: Is this the best approach for such a sensitive topic

Through these questions, I will manage to limit answers to the main topic of the study.

(a)Sampling

Data will be collected from the town of Freetown by means of a questionnaire. The participants will be street children aged 13-19 years. The location was chosen due to a high number of teenage prostitutes.

(b) Data collection

The data will be collected by interviewing the participants and filling in the questionnaire. This method is chosen because it has a personal approach to the participants.

(c) Data analysis

The questionnaire questions will be easy and direct to answer. The responses will be analyse and a chart formed showing and comparing the percentage of each section. The questionnaire will look like this: Comment by Author: Comparing what with what? ?

QUESTIONNAIRE Comment by Author: What will these questions tell you?

Please tick on the appropriate answer.

What is your age	10-14	15-19
Do you go to school?
Did you go to school before you came to the streets?	Yes	No
How would you describe your health now?	good	Poor
How was your health before the street life?	good	Poor
Do you know how to read?	Yes	No

Ethical issues

As this review will use human members, certain issues will be tended to. The thought of these issues is vital for guaranteeing the protection and also the security of the members. These issues will be distinguished ahead of time so as counteract future issues that could ascend amid the examination procedure. Among the noteworthy issues that will be viewed is included assent, secrecy and information security. Securing authorization and picking up the assent consent of the members for this review is a vital moral thought. Every member will be asked to finish an assent shape, ?expressing in detail every one of the exercises required and in addition the motivation behind the review. The reasons why they will be chosen as members is likewise expressed in order to empower the chosen members to interface the points of the examination with that of the members Capabilities. In the assent frame, I will examine in detail all the strategies that will be done before the examination procedure. Building compatibility and picking up the trust of the members will be viewed as basic all through the examination procedure. These will aid in guaranteeing the participation and eagerness of the members to give tried and true and adequate information that will be important to the review. In spite of the fact that the members may at first give their assent for the examination handle, I will additionally give the confirmation that they are permitted to pull back from the review even without giving any reason. Comment by Author: ? Comment by Author: What ex Comment by Author: What ‘examination procedure’ – sounds very clinical

Conclusion

This paper will examine the phenomenon of teenagers in Sierra Leone who are engaging in prostitution due to poverty and other factors brought by the civil war. Most of these teenagers are located in Freetown. These street children do not get education or proper health attention. They go through a lot of misery in the streets. The government of Sierra Leone has not taken enough measures to ensure that this trend of teenage prostitution has ceased. The issue of teenage prostitution is global. Girls are mostly at risk because of exposure to violence. Comment by Author: This is good background – should be at the start

There are many street kids in Makeni, Freetown and Kenema towns than the other towns. Young ladies are the majority in these towns. The survey uncovered that an expansive number of youngsters in the city get by in the city by prostitution, betting furthermore, captivating in child work. Their survival depends for the most part on asking and conveying merchandise and working for market ladies and men. The war brought about loads of interruption prompting to numerous youngsters taking to the road. Street children we talked with seem, by all accounts, to be happy with living in the city particularly the individuals who have been in the city for over six months. Then again, it is clear from this that the youngsters are yearning for legitimate care and insurance. They understand the requirement for them to be out from the street and get to be distinctly similar to different children living in family homes. The issue is when is this going to happen and what help they can get to enhance their lives and return to their family homes. One of the elements this review was set to focus on is whether youngsters in the city are more liable to end up disappointments in the public arena. This could be dictated by the various answers and reaction got during the reviews. Kids in the city are faced with troublesome living conditions, the absence of essential facilities and failure to learn. Going to class is the connection to turning into an informed individual who can lead out in the public arena or your communities. Comment by Author: What survey??? Comment by Author: These sound like conclusions to research that you haven’t yet conducted…. This is a proposal for what you are going to do – you don’t know yet what your conclusions are.

References

Cohn, Ilene (2001), "The Protection of kids and the Quest for Truth and Justice in Sierra Leone" Retrieved from: https://www.questia.com/library/history/african-history/african-countries/sierra-leone-history .

Archibald, Steven (2002) "Converts to Human Rights? Popular Debate about War in Rural Central Sierra Leone” Retrieved from: https://www.questia.com/library/history/african-history/african-countries/sierra-leone-history

MORE REVISION ON THIS PROPOSAL Please find additional feedback from my tutor:

= The main issues I think to address are: 

 -  clarity of the issue/problem (including data/information to demonstrate the scale of the problem) 

- clarity about your rationale for the study (ie why it is important); 

-  Clarity of language; I suggest simplifying it to make the points much clearer - sometimes you tend to go off on tangents which though important to mention, detract from your overall argument. 

- Strengthening the conceptual framework - you need to engage with the Ottawa Charter

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