MGMT
Angelia_zx
chapter_3.pptPerception and Learning
Chapter 3
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
Learning Objectives
- Distinguish between social perception and social identity.
- Explain how attribution works and describe various social perception bias sources.
- Understand how social perception operates in performance appraisals and employment interviews
- Define and describe operant conditioning.
- Understand how punishment can be used most effectively in an organizational setting.
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- Social Perception and Social Identity
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Reward and Punishment
Social Identity Theory
- How would you respond if I asked: “Who are you?”
3-*
Social Identity Theory – Two components
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
Social Perception and Social Identity
- Social Perception
- Social Identity
Others
Selves
Social Perception
- The process of combining, integrating, and interpreting information about others to gain an accurate understanding of them.
Attribution Process
- Causal attribution
- Internal
- External
3-*
Attribution Process
3-*
Correspondent Inferences
*
Attribution Process
Imagine that you attend a class and the professor appears very disorganized and distracted.
To what would you attribute this behavior?
What did you take into account in determining how to attribute the behavior?
3-*
Attribution Process
- Causal attribution
- Internal
- External
- Causal attribution theory (Kelly)
- Consensus
- Consistency
- Distinctiveness
3-*
Attribution Process
3-*
Causal Attribution
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
3-*
Perceptual Biases
- Fundamental attribution error
- Similar-to-me effect
- Selective perception
- Halo Effect
- Effective Discipline
3-*
Perceptual Biases
3-*
Halo Effect
Perceptual Biases
3-*
First Impression Error
Perceptual Biases
Self-fulfilling Prophecies
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
Stereotypes
- How would you define a “stereotype”?
- Stereotype: A belief that all members of specific groups share similar traits and are prone to behave identically.
- Why do human beings stereotype?
3-*
Stereotypes
The “Stereotype Threat”
Today’s Agenda
- Social Perception and Social Identity
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Impression Management
- Learning
- Training
- Reward and Punishment
Applicant Impression Management
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
Learning
Two types that we will discuss:
- Operant Conditioning
- Observational Learning
3-*
Learning
Operant Conditioning
- Example: our cat
3-*
Learning:
Reinforcement Contingencies
3-*
Learning
Observational Learning
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- Social Perception and Social Identity
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Training
- Reward and Punishment
Training
Definition: Systematically teaching employees to acquire and improve job-related skills and knowledge.
- Varieties
- Classroom training
- Apprenticeship programs
- Cross-cultural training
- Corporate universities
- Executive training programs
- E-training
3-*
Effective Training Keys
- Participation
- Repetition
- Transfer of training
- Feedback
3-*
Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Training
- Effective Discipline
Organizational Behavior Management
- Organizational Behavior Management: Positive reinforcement by systematically administering rewards
- Discipline: Systematically administering punishments
- Progressive discipline
3-*
Disciplinary Measures Continuum
- What types of disciplinary measures are commonly used in business?
3-*
Disciplinary Measures Continuum
3-*
Keys to Effective Discipline
- Deliver punishment immediately after undesirable response
- Give moderate levels of punishment
- Punish undesirable behavior, not person
- Use punishment consistently across occasions
3-*
Keys to Effective Discipline
- Punish everyone equally for same infraction
- Clearly communicate reasons for punishment
- Do not follow punishment with noncontingent rewards
3-*
Recap - Today’s Agenda
- The Attribution Process
- Perceptual Biases
- Stereotyping
- Learning
- Effective Discipline
Questions?
