history hw
abzul13
pass_logic_how-to.pdf
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Natalye Pass
History Professor
Instruction Packet for the Logic paper
Table of Contents
• How to E-‐mail me ………………….. 2 • Logic Paper Instructions…………. 3-‐4 • Example of an “A” Logic Paper…… 5-‐11
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How to E-‐mail me
Instructions: Email: [email protected]
• Subject Box: Write your name along with the day and time your class meets o Example-‐ if you are in my MWF 12-‐12:50pm class, you would type this in the
subject line:
Subject: Jane Doe MWF 12-‐12:50pm
• If your name along with the day and time are not in the subject box, I will delete your email.
• I rarely check emails on the weekend
• I rarely check emails in the morning
• I rarely check emails after 5pm Example of a bad Email:
Ms. Pass, i felt sick today… cant come 2 class… did I miss anything & can you send me what I missed. Thanks, Jane.
Example of a good Email: American History 100 MWF 12-‐12:50pm Ms. Pass, I am not feeling well today and cannot come to class. I will bring documentation so I will not be penalized with an unexcused absence. I will also ask a peer for the notes that I missed. Thank you, Jane Doe
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Instructions on how to complete a Logic paper
Identify the Purpose of the article
• What is the goal/objective of this article? o To persuade the reader about… o To educate (or enlighten) the reader about… o To explain to the reader about…
• Address the who/what/when/where and why of the article • Include the author’s name and a descriptive word about their experise
o Example: Kevin Reilly, a world historian, states that… • Include the date of when the article or chapter was published • Research the author to find their expertise and bias
o Google is a great search engine to do this • This section should include at least 5 sentences
Identify the Main Point of View (MPOV)
• When the term Point of View (POV) is used, we are discussing the characteristics of the individual or group who holds that point of view or bias.
o Frame of reference o Perspective o Orientation
• The author is the main point of view of the article
• Example:
o If Iwas the author of the article you read, you would write: o MPOV – Natalye Pass
§ American Historian § Professor at Southwestern College § Graduated with her BA and MA from UCSD § Woman § American § African ancestry § Wrote her master’s thesis on Black mothers during the San Diego Civil
Rights movement, 1960-‐1972 § (And so on…)
…continued on the next page
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Identify Another Point of View (APOV)
• Who else might tell another story about what you are reading? o Perhaps it is someone contained within the article
• Include at least 7 other people and/or organizations that could have a point of view about the topic
• Research some of the people in your APOV list o Google is a great search engine to do this
• Number this section • Include a list of characteristics with each point of view
o This is exemplified on the bottom of page 3 Identify the Key Questions that the author raises in the article
• Things to think about while you read the article: o What questions are raised by this article? o What questions are answered in this article? o What problem is the author trying to solve? o What questions do you still have after reading this article?
• Identify the key questions/issues that the author raises in the article • Include at least 4 questions
Identify the Key Points the author makes
• Key Points usually have the answers for key questions • You may want to list any of the following:
o Data o Facts o Observations o Experiences o Definitions of relevant terms or concepts
• Pick out 10 key pieces of information (of course you may include more) • Number this section and write complete sentences
Identify the Conclusion of the article
• The conclusion summarizes the information provided in the reading and relates that information to a larger set of issues
• Now that you understand the topic, what do you think about it? • This section should include at least 4 sentences
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Example of an “A” Logic paper (pages 5-‐11) Pete Ray and the Bay of Pigs Invasion (you read this article in the beginning of the semester) Purpose In 1998 journalists Mark Fineman and Dolly Mascarenas wrote an article for the Los Angeles Times to inform the public about the misleading information the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) gave the public about the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. The United States government denied that they recruited civilians from the Alabama Air National Guard to bomb Cuba in a failed secret mission. Pete Ray, one of the Alabamian pilots, was shot down in Cuba and Fidel Castro, the leader of Cuba, froze his body to prove American involvement. After thirty years, the Freedom of Information Act allowed Americans access to the classified documents that proved U.S. involvement in this Cold War mystery. This article also provided some testimonies from Pete Ray’s family along with their reaction to the CIA’s involvement in this Cuban invasion. This article examines how one family in Alabama was directly impacted by the larger political relationship between the United States and Cuba during the Cold War. MPOV
1. Mark Fineman • Secondary source • Author of the article • Male POV • Educated • Caucasian (possibly) • Credible Source • Graduated with degrees in journalism and philosophy from Syracuse University • Knowledgeable about the Bay of Pigs invasion • Veteran reporter for the LA Times (liberal newspaper) • Awards:
o Overseas Press Club award in 2001 o A National Headliners award in 1991 o An American Society of Newspaper Editors award for deadline writing in
1987 o George Polk award in 1985
• Reported on numerous events around the world • Foreign correspondent for the Philadelphia Inquirer • He died on Sept. 23, 2003 of a heart attach while waiting to conduct an interview
in Baghdad. He was 51 years old.
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2. Dolly Mascarenas • Secondary source • Latina (possibly) • Author of the article • Writes for the LA Times (liberal newspaper) • Female POV • Educated • Journalist • Credible Source • Knowledgeable about the Bay of Pigs invasion • Currently a reporter for Time Magazine • Writes a number of articles on Cuba • One of the journalists targeted by Los Zetas, a group of former Mexican military
officers, who operate as the Gulf cartel’s assassins. They were targeted because they frequently write about drug cartels in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico.
APOV
1. Pete Ray • Primary Source • Male POV • Pilot for the Alabama Air National Guard • Flew for the CIA during a secret mission authorized by John F. Kennedy • Conservative (possibly-‐based on region) • Business owner of a pizza shop • Anti-‐communist • Husband and father
2. Fidel Castro
• Primary Source • Older male POV • Leader of Cuba at the time of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion • Marxist-‐Leninist • Studied law at the University of Havana • Leftist/anti-‐imperialist • Influenced by writers Karl Marx, Friedrich Engles, and Vladimir Putin • Leader of Cuba for over 40 years until the handed power over to his brother in
2008 • Formed alliances with the Soviet Union during the Cold War
3. Janet Weininger
• Primary Source • Pete Ray’s daughter • Female POV
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• Educated • Father died when she was 6 years old • Questioned what happened to her father for 18 years • Received $86,562, in a lawsuit she filed under a federal anti-‐terrorism law • American (Southern) • In 2006 was awarded $23.9 million in frozen Cuban assets in a judgment against
the Cuban government for having executed her father
4. Pete Ray’s Wife • Primary Source • Lived in Alabama • Some sources say the CIA threatened her when she asked what happened to her
husband. • Female POV • Wife and mother
5. President Kennedy
• Primary source • President of the United States during the Bay of Pigs invasion • Bay of Pigs invasion took place in his first year as president, 3 months after taking
office • Democrat • First Catholic to be elected as President • Was 43 when elected as president, the second youngest • Assassinated in 1963 a the age of 46 • Graduated from Harvard College in 1940 • Joined the US Navy after being medically disqualified from the Army because of
his chronic lower back problems • Former Senator of Massachusetts
6. Former President Eisenhower
• Primary Source • President of the U.S. from 1953-‐1961 • Bay of Pigs invasion was planned by his administration but ultimately was
carried out by Kennedy • Republican • Graduated from West Point • 5 star General in the Army • Served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during WWII • President at Colombia University in 1948 • Ran on a platform of being against Communism, corruption, and Korea • Was responsible for the 1953 coup in Iran that overthrew the Iranian Prime
Minster
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7. Juan Menendez • Primary Source • Was responsible for embalming Pete Ray and placing him in the freezer where he
would be held for over 18 years • Cuban • Male
8. Thomas Bailey
• Primary Source • Journalist from Alabama • Male • Pete Ray’s cousin
9. Col. Joe Shannon
• Primary Source • One of the few surviving pilots from the group that bombed Cuba • Male • Conservative (possibly) • Had direct knowledge of the mission
10. Manuel Pineiro
• Primary Source • Former Intelligence Chief • Commander • Considered the CIA’s nemesis • Cuban • Male • Disagreed with the actions of the U.S. government when it came to hiding the
truth from the families of the pilots involved
11. Bill Harlow • Primary Source • Male POV • CIA Spokesman • Conservative (possibly)
12. Cubans
• Communists • Might have hostile feelings towards the U.S.
13. Family members of the pilots who died
• Primary Sources • Lived in Alabama
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14. Russian Government • Had political ties with Cuba at the time • Was involved in the Cold War with the United States
15. Other Sources
• Conservative newspapers • Liberal newspapers • Radio programs • TV shows/documentaries
Key Questions
1. When did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place? 2. Who from the U.S. originally planned the invasion? 3. Why didn’t the CIA admit its involvement in the Bay of Pigs invasion? 4. Why did the CIA wait so long to tell the families what really happened? 5. Why did the Cuban government keep and preserve Pete Ray’s body for so many
years? 6. Would the mission be considered a successor a failure then and now? 7. Why did the CIA use the old planes that were in Alabama? 8. How did the failed Bay of Pigs invasion impact the Cold War? 9. How might the failed Bay of Pigs invasion have impacted civilians at the time? 10. What was the role of the CIA in the Bay of Pigs invasion?
Key Points
1. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed attempt by the U.S. government to bomb Cuba in 1961. The U.S. government wanted to overthrow the leadership under Fidel Castro; prior to this date, Castro had assumed power after successfully launching a guerilla war against the U.S.-‐backed dictator of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista. Batista was unpopular among the Cuban revolutionaries because of his ties with the U.S., which they felt oppressed a large majority of Cuban citizens.
2. Pete Ray, one of the pilots on the mission, was shot down by Cuban antiaircraft batteries and later killed. Ray was from Alabama, and had been trained in Nicaragua, but could not divulge that information to his family members at home. He was probably expecting to come back to them, and was fighting for the U.S. in the name of the government and its stance on socialism.
3. Fidel Castro, the leader of Cuba, froze his body to prove US involvement in the Bay of Pigs invasion. Castro was a revolutionary leader who fought alongside men like Che Guevara. They used a lot of what they had been taught by Mexican revolutionaries, who launched a successful expulsion of American foreign interests into their natural resources. Castro’s brother, Raul, is now in power in Cuba present-‐day.
4. The US government publicly denied that a top secret squadron of civilians were recruited from the Alabama Air National Guard. The reasons for this are many; they did not want the U.S. civilians to know that they attacked on Cuban soil, and did not
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have a formal declaration of war. This event is widely known in history as something that may have triggered World War 3.
5. Janet Ray Weininger, the daughter of Pete Ray, questioned her father’s whereabouts. When she found out the truth, she blamed the United States government for what happened and did not fault the Cuban government. Weininger grew up without her father, nor any explanation to what happened to him, because the U.S. government did not want the story or attack publicized.
6. The cover story that the families of the dead pilots were told: that the men were going to pilot training school. The cover up did not stop the questions, however, which is where the threats from the U.S. government began to the elder family members at the time. The wife was threatened if she remained openly asking questions, and trust funds were established as fronts to help the children of Ray and the other pilot’s to attend college.
7. The CIA chose the planes in Alabama because they looked like the one’s Castro had. The CIA wanted to make it look like dissidents in Cuba turned on Castro, which the U.S. had been doing in Latin America for a while-‐ staging fights and then “having” to go squash them. The American public may have thought it was a better idea to intervene in Latin America if they felt there was a threat, but potentially not as much if they knew that the U.S. instigated and trained a lot of these leaders.
8. By the time Ray’s plane took off, the invasion had already failed in Cuba, but because of technology, there was no way to warn Ray or the other pilots. To them, the mission was in full force, and when they got there they were already expected by Cuban nationalists, and were gunned down and killed immediately following their arrival in Cuba.
9. Family members of the pilots were threatened and they were told that they would be sent to a mental institution if they continued to ask about their missing loved one’s whereabouts. This is unfortunate but very relevant because it is a testament to how our government deals with people and ideas that they do not want to spread. It is not unnatural to think that anyone would want to know what happened to his or her lost family member.
10. Front companies were set up by the CIA to give each of the dead pilots’ families a regular stipend along with money for their children’s college education. This money probably proved to be beneficial to the families, but did not make up for the missing husband/father. Front companies are generally funded through tax dollars, and this again goes to how people pay taxes for things that they are not always aware of.
11. Ray was posthumously awarded the CIA’s highest honor for bravery-‐ the Distinguished Intelligence Cross. Even though this award was received posthumously decades after his death, it may have given his family peace because it would allow them to share with their future generations the valiant efforts of men who were fighting for their country, to stop what they perceived to be a threat.
Conclusion Contrary to what people have been told in the past, the CIA was involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion. They concealed the information from the public for over thirty years. This article
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not only informed the reader about the Bay of Pigs invasion but it also discussed some of the effects it had on the pilots’ families. Some sources said that Pete Ray’s wife was threatened by the CIA when she continued to ask questions about her husband’s death. Americans also learned that the CIA set up from companies to compensate the family members of the pilots who died during this invasion. This article raises some serious questions that need to be addressed: how does a democratic open society deal with the kind of lies and misrepresentations of a government agency like the CIA? What are the existing oversight procedures that govern agencies such as the CIA? Who was responsible for misinforming the American public? When looking at current political, social, and economic issues concerning American citizens today, the article leaves the reader wondering how much more information will be revealed to the public after thirty years.
