reflection
lulu Al-Nassar
presentation1_mis_3_compatncy_3_1.pptxHardware and software
Nada Al-Jaroudi – 201202119
Nada Al-Muqbel – 201101244
Hessa Alabdulwahab -201100506
Outline:
Why we learn about Hardware and Software ?
Hardware Components
Processing and Memory devices
Memory characteristic and functions
Input & output Devices
Multiprocessing
Primary & Secondary storage
Why we learn about Hardware and Software ?
Improve worker productivity
Increase revenue, reduce costs
Provide better customer service
Hardware Components
(CPU)
(ALU)
Control unit
Processor
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
What is the central processing unit (CPU)?
p. 187 - 188 Fig. 4-4
Input Devices
Storage Devices
Output Devices
Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer
Memory
Data
Information
Instructions Data Information
Instructions Data Information
Control Unit
Control unit directs and coordinates operations in computer
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical operations
Also called the processor
Processing and Memory devices
System Unit
Computer system advices
Memory characteristic and functions
Memory
Storage capacity
Memory Characteristics and Functions (continued)
Types of Memory :
(RAM)
(ROM)
What is random access memory (RAM)?
The more RAM a computer has, the faster it responds
Also called main memory or primary storage
Most RAM is volatile, it is lost when computer’s power is turned off
Memory chips that can be read from and written to by processor
Nonvolatile memory, it is not lost when computer’s power is turned off
Memory chips that store permanent data and instructions
What is read-only memory (ROM)?
Multiprocessing
Multiprocessing:
The use of two or more central processing units (CPU) within a single computer system.
The execution of multiple processes in a system rather than one process.
Multiprocessing (cont.)
Parallel Computing: Execution of the same task on multiple processor to obtain results faster.
Grid computing: the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal. Used for 3 reasons:
its ability to make more cost-effective use of a given amount of computer resources
It solves problems that need to be solved with big computer power.
It suggests that computers can collaborate and cooperate towards the same objective
Primary & Secondary storage
| Secondary | Primary |
| Permanent storage | Temporary storage |
| Large Capacity | Not so large capacity |
| Slower than memory | Considerably faster |
| No direct access to CPU | Allows direct access to CPU |
| Known as permanent memory | |
| Doesn’t lose data when device shuts down | |
| Hard disk or USB | Example: Computer RAM |
Multi-core Micro-processors
Combines two or more independent processors into a single computer.
Common types are quad-core, six core and eight core
Allows faster work
Heat build up is a problem with fast processors.
Access Methods
Accessing or retrieving Data.
Two methods: Sequential & Direct.
Sequential must be in sequence or order.
Direct can be in any order, random or sequential.
Input Devices
Devices used to input general types of data:
Personal computer input devices
Speech recording technology
Digital cameras
Scanning devices
Optical data readers
Pen input devices
Radio frequency identification
Output Devices
Display monitors:
Plasma display:
LCD display:
Output devices
Printers and plotters:
Digital audio player:
E-books:
THANK YOU
