history homework help

gary xiao

foner_chapters_4-5.pdf

Home >History homework help > history homework help

Hist. 146: American Civiliza6on

Alicia Gu6errez-Romine, PhD Week 2

Slavery and Empire

•  Atlantic Trade in slaves –  Expansion of

freedom & slavery –  1700s: slave trade

boom –  First major consumer

goods all produced by slaves

Capturing Slaves

•  Indirect European influence •  Cycle

•  Get European technology, be successful at warfare, capture more slaves, get more European technology, etc.

The Middle Passage

Slave Voyages: The Middle Passage

Slavery and Empire

•  Three Distinct Slave Systems in British North America – Tobacco-based in Chesapeake

•  Large Plantations & Small Farms •  Elaborate Hierarchical Society

– Rice-based in S. Carolina and Georgia •  Task system

– Non-plantation based in Middle Colonies/ New England

•  Not centralized, often more legal rights for slaves

Table 4.1 Slave population as percentage of total population of original thirteen colonies, 1770

Slave Culture

•  Becoming African-American – Most slaves in 1700s were born in Africa

•  African-American Cultures – Developed gradually and according to region

Slave Resistance

•  Resistance & Rebellion – New York Uprising, 1712 – Stono Rebellion, 1739 – Rumors of Slave Revolt, New York, 1741

Political Ideas in Anglo-America

•  Liberty central •  Republicanism:

– Public involvement of virtuous citizens •  Liberalism:

– Surrender some rights for protection of individual rights

The Public Sphere

•  The Right to Vote •  Higher Literacy •  Public Press

– Zenger Trial, 1735 •  Enlightenment

Closing Remarks, Zenger Trial “The question before the Court and you, Gentlemen of the jury, is not of small or private concern. It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty. And I make no doubt but your upright conduct this day will not only entitle you to the love and esteem of your fellow citizens, but every man who prefers freedom to a life of slavery will bless and honor you as men who have baffled the attempt of tyranny, and by an impartial and uncorrupt verdict have laid a noble foundation for securing to ourselves, our posterity, and our neighbors, that to which nature and the laws of our country have given us a right to liberty of both exposing and opposing arbitrary power (in these parts of the world at least) by speaking and writing truth.”

The Great Awakening

•  Enlightenment •  Religious Revivals •  The Preaching of Whitefield •  The Awakening’s Impact

– Individualism

Battle for the Continent

•  The Seven Years’ War, 1754-1763 (yes, 9 years)

•  Causes: Land Hunger, Imperial Rivalries •  A World Transformed

– Global War – Colonies divided and transferred upon peace – Ramifications for Native Americans

•  Pontiac’s Rebellion •  Proclamation Line

The Crisis Begins

•  Consolidating the Empire •  Taxing the Colonies

– Debt from 7 Years War = £150 million – 1764: Sugar Act, Revenue Act, Currency Act – 1765: Stamp Act

•  October 1765- Stamp Act Congress united colonists •  Declaratory Act, 1766

– Taxation & Representation

A woodcut depicting a crowd attempting to intimidate a New Hampshire official charged

The Crisis Con6nues

– 1767: Townshend Acts – March 5, 1770: Boston Massacre

The Crisis Continues…

– 1773: Tea Act •  Boston “Tea Party”: December 16, 1773

– 1774: Coercive/”Intolerable” Acts •  Closed port of Boston until tea paid off •  Prevent town meeting in Boston •  House British troops

•  Resistance – Harassment, boycott, ignoring laws, mobs,

violence

Boston “Tea Party”

The Road to Revolution

•  Suffolk Resolves •  1st Continental Congress

– Shift to “natural rights” •  Lexington & Concord (April 1775) •  2nd Continental Congress •  Common Sense

Lexington & Concord, “Shot Heard Round the World”

The Coming of Independence

•  The Declaration of Independence •  The Declaration and American Freedom

– “An Asylum for Mankind”

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, -- That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

Preamble, Declara6on of Independence

Timeline of Events:

• July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence adopted • February 1778: France allies with U.S. • January 30, 1781: Articles of Confederation adopted • October 19, 1781: Yorktown • September 3, 1783: Paris Peace Treaty

Drunk History

Securing Independence

•  Battle of Saratoga, 1777 •  Battle of Yorktown •  American Victory, British

Surrender

Dunmore Proclama6on

Dunmore Proclamation: “…I do hereby further declare all indentured Servants, Negroes, or others…free, that are able and willing to bear Arms, they joining his Majesty's Troops, as soon as may be, for the more speedily reducing this Colony to a proper Sense of their Duty, to his Majesty's Crown and Dignity.”

1783

Chs. 6-7

•  So you’ve made your own independent na6on… Now what?

•  How will the new na6on work? What will this new na6on look like? Who are the ci#zens of this new na6on?

•  How did the Revolu6on impact slaves? Women?

•  Cons6tu6on, Bill of Rights