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Chapter 3

A Model of Career Management

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Key Points in this Chapter

 An Overview of the Career Management Model

 The Career Management Process

 Career Exploration

 Awareness

 Career Goals

 Career Strategies

 Career Appraisals

 Career Management as an Ongoing Process

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An Overview of the Career Management Model

 The model of career management describes how people should manage their careers

 Not everybody manages their careers by the model, but the activities represented in the model can lead to desirable outcomes for individuals

 The model is based on the assumption that people are more fulfilled & more productive when their work experiences are compatible with their desires & aspirations

 People are more satisfied with their jobs when their work experiences “fit” their values, interests, personality, abilities, & lifestyle preferences

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Strategy

Implementation Progress Toward

Goal

Career

Appraisal

Feedback (Work

& Nonwork)

Goal

Setting

Awareness of

Self &

Environment

Career

Exploration

Strategy

Development

The Career Management Model

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The Career Management Process: Career Exploration

 Career Exploration represents the collection of & analysis of information regarding oneself & the environment

 Career exploration promotes awareness of the self & the environment & includes:

 Self-Exploration

 What do you really want from a job or from life?

 What do your past successes say about your talents?

 Environmental Exploration

 What do people in your chosen occupation do on a day- to-day basis?

 What are some current job opportunities in your chosen occupation?

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The Career Management Process: Awareness

 Research suggests that career exploration has a beneficial effect on career management

 It increases awareness of the self & the environment (i.e., accurate perceptions of one’s own qualities & characteristics of the environment), which enables a person to set appropriate career goals & develop appropriate career strategies

Awareness of

Self &

Environment

Career

Exploration

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Goal

Setting Strategy

Development

The Career Management Process: Career Goals & Career Strategies

 A career goal is a desired career-related outcome that a person intends to attain  Commitment to a specific, difficult goal increases

performance

 When a goal is in place, behaviors & attitudes reinforce the goal

 A career strategy is a sequence of activities designed to help an individual attain a career goal  Examples include: developing new skills, putting in

extended hours, getting a mentor, & networking

Goal

Setting

Awareness of

Self &

Environment

Strategy

Development Strategy

Implementation

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Two Types of Career Goals

 A conceptual goal represents a summary of the nature of the work outcomes an individual intends to attain, without specifying a particular job or position

 An operational goal translates the conceptual goal into a specific job

 Both are driven by an awareness of the self & the environment

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The Career Management Process: Career Appraisal

 Career appraisal is the process of evaluating career

choices & using this feedback to facilitate further

planning

 Feedback helps people determine if their goals & strategies

still make sense (e.g., working on weekends could lead to

praise from your boss, but hostility from your family)

 The information from career appraisal closes the cycle by

becoming information that can enhance one’s awareness

Career

Exploration

Strategy

Implementation

Progress Toward

Goal

Feedback (Work

& Nonwork)

Career

Appraisal

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Career Management as an Ongoing Process

 Career Management should be a regular, ongoing

process

 Work is a central part of people’s lives; a satisfying career

can promote feelings of fulfillment

 Feedback from many sources can help a person realize

when their goals and/or strategies are inappropriate

 Changing environments (e.g., reorganizations, downsizing,

technological changes) demand ongoing, proactive career

management

 People change; goals that were important at one point in

life may require reexamination in later stages of life

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Summary

 Effective career management requires:

 A deep knowledge of oneself & an accurate

picture of the environment

 The development of realistic conceptual &

operational goals that are compatible with one’s

values, interests, abilities, & desired lifestyles

 The development & implementations of appropriate

career strategies

 A continual feedback process that permits for

adaptation

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