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exploration_and_elaboration.pptxExploration and Elaboration
Skills Toolkit so far …
Opening lines
Attending (psychological and physical)
Listening
Non-verbal communication
Getting the client story
Unconditional Positive Regard
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What is a problem?
“A problem is a chance for you to do your best.” – Duke Ellington
What does this mean as people come to us with their problematic stories?
Exploration & Elaboration – What are they?
In elaboration, clinician encourages client to expand on story
In exploration, clinician explores with client in areas that are unfamiliar or need to be learned about.
Exploration and elaboration important to every aspect of clinical work
Change Process
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Client’s
Story
Getting the story
Assess & Evaluate
Setting Goals
Implement
Change
Keys to Getting the Story
A not-knowing position
It’s okay to not know
Clients know more about their story than we do
Genuine curiosity
Patience
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Questions
The most important tool in your kit
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©2011 Brooks/Cole Publishing | Cengage Learning, Inc.
Points about Questions
Asking appropriate and timely questions is one of hardest skills to master
Beginning interviewers frequently either ask too many or too few questions
Questions and answers can be both verbal and nonverbal
Clinicians need to be aware of what they are not asking and what clients are not saying
Principles for Asking Questions
Be intentional. Know why you are asking this particular question.
Pay attention to timing
Is the client ready for this question?
Am I interrupting their train of thought?
Are they through answering my last question?
t.
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Principles for Asking Questions
Ask one question at a time
Clients may not know how to answer two questions at once
“Are you feeling depressed? Are you having fights?”
Avoid pseudo-questions
Deliberative questions that have answers built into them
Designed to lead client to a particular conclusion
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Principles for Asking Questions
Avoid “why” questions
Rarely work
Sound judgmental
Clients may not know how to answer
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2MTB
Asking questions …
Which rabbit to chase?
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Which rabbit to chase?
“Sunday when my brother came over to watch the Packers it was obvious he’d had a lot to drink already. I know that makes my wife really tense. She hates being around people who drink a lot – I have felt her wrath a few times when I had too much to drink. So I got kind of tense myself when he showed up at the door.”
What is your next question?
EXPLORATION
Questions focused on gaining knowledge of the unfamiliar
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Types of Questions
Clarifying
Intended to gain greater understanding as a listener
“What did you mean when you said you couldn’t trust him?”
Probing
Intended to move the conversation forward into new territory
“I am wondering what would be different in your life if you did trust him?”
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Open and Closed-Ended Questions
Ask open ended questions
Questions that cannot be answered with a yes-no or a limited response set (“Do you …”, “Are you …”, etc.)
“How would you describe how you are feeling?” vs. “Are you feeling depressed?”
Open-ended questions invite more information given in the client’s own words
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Closed to open …
Did that make you feel guilty?
Are those tears telling me you are sad?
Are you relieved to have her gone?
Would you stay put or run if he threatened you?
How did that make you feel?
What are your tears saying?
How do you feel now that she is gone?
What would you do if he threatened you?
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Tried-and-True Questions
Questions that get easily and directly at the things we need to know
See pp. 191-192 for examples of these questions
Role Plays
Clarifying or probing?
Double-barreled questions
Closed questions
Open questions
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Elaboration
Getting a rich description
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Elaboration Skills
Prompts
Brief comments encouraging clients to keep telling the story
Does not try to alter the direction of the story but asks for more information
Examples
Could you expand on that?
Say more about that.
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Elaboration Skills
Dot-dot-dot reflection
Takes the last thing a person said and invites them to extend it
Makes a partial statement or asks a partial question and asks the client to fill in the rest
Examples
So when you got the unexpected bill in the mail you …
When you got home your mom was waiting up and then …
So when you see your ex-boyfriend at work you feel …
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Refocusing
Bringing a client back to the story when they seem to take a tangent
Examples
I am wondering if I can hear more about your relationship with your brother?
Sorry, I must be missing a piece. I am not sure how what you are saying is related to what you were saying about staying sober.
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Role Play
Extended time
2 rounds
Summarizing and reflective listening
Reflecting affect
Exploratory questions
DDD reflection
Refocusing
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Exploration & Elaboration
Techniques that sustain the client and their story
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Sustaining Techniques
Offer clients support as they delve deeper, which can occur through:
Checking-in
Focusing on strengths
Slowing down
Validating difficulty of disclosure
Rolling with resistance
What’s in our Skills Toolkit now?
Attending (psychological and physical)
Acknowledge and invite responses
Summarizing and reflective listening
Reflecting affect
Exploratory questions
Prompts
Dot-dot-dot summarizing
Refocusing
Sustaining techniques
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