Shining Star 001

Writing Assignment 2

EAPS 10000 Y01 Planet Earth Online Course – Prof. L Braile

Writing Assignment 2 (WA 2): Writing Assignment 2 should include topics in Chapters 6

through 10 in the textbook. Except for the topics, the instructions for completing Writing

Assignment 2 are the same as for Writing Assignment 1. See the Due Dates file (on the

Course Content area of BB Learn) for due dates of all assignments. Be sure to read the

instructions in the WA 1 assignment. Please pay particular attention to the

plagiarism discussion!

Suggested topics for Writing Assignment 2:

Statistics of earthquakes Earth’s magnetic field

Paleomagnetism Elastic rebound theory

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake The Mar. 11, 2011 Japan earthquake

Seismographs Locating an earthquake

Earthquake magnitude scale Largest historical earthquakes

Tsunami Earth’s interior structure

Rock deformation Faults

N. Anatolian fault (Turkey) Volcanoes

Intrusions (batholiths) Hawaii volcanism

The eruption of Mt. St. Helens Calderas

Crater Lake volcano Yellowstone volcano

Super volcanoes Plateau basalts (flood basalts)

Fossils Radiometric dating

The geologic time scale Tides

Ocean currents Ocean pollution

Deep ocean circulation Shoreline processes

Black smokers Deep sea trenches

The Trieste (Mariana trench, 1960) Marine biology

Deep sea drilling August 2016 Italy earthquake

Oil spills

Suggested topics and Example References (links) for WA 2:

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Statistics of earthquakes

Brief intro to EQ statistics:

http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~brill/Papers/quakestat.pdf

EQ facts and stats in brief:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/eqstats.php

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/?categoryID=11

Paleomagnetism

Basics of paleomagnetism:

http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/capabilities/paleom.html

List of links to all things geo- and paleo-magnetism:

http://www.agu.org/sections/geomag/background.html

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake

In depth look at the 1906 SF EQ:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/index.php

Another view of the EQ:

http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/earthquakeandfire/index2.html

Seismographs

Basics of seismographs:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/?categoryID=7

More basic seismographs:

http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/info-gen/smeters-smetres/seismograph-eng.php

Earthquake magnitude scale

Intro to EQ magnitude scales:

http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.ht

ml

Links to EQ magnitude scale topics at USGS:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/search/?q=scale&x=0&y=0&cx=012856435542074762574%3A4

9ga9ubtojk&cof=FORID%3A11&sa=Search

Tsunami

Comprehensive tsunami website: http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/

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Basic overview: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/tsunami.htm

Rock deformation

Basic overview: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/deform.htm

http://web.eps.utk.edu/~faculty/tennmaps/lectures/TennMaps_Structure.pdf

N. Anatolian fault (Turkey)

Very brief intro: http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/tamam/tamam-background/the-north-

anatolian-fault

A paper on fault activity since 1939: http://www.ipgp.fr/~armijo/paraseminario/Stein-97.pdf

Intrusions (batholiths)

Intrusion terms: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/plutons.html

Basics of plutons and batholiths:

http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/3IntrusiveBodies/1Plutons.html

Case study:

http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geo/bathlith/bathdex.htm

http://abacus.bates.edu/acad/depts/geology/jcreasy.WM.html

The eruption of Mt. St. Helens

Intro to Mt. St. Helens eruptions: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs036-00/

Eruption history pre-1980: http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3045/

Brief info and stats: http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1201-05-

Crater Lake volcano

Basic info: http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/CraterLake/description_crater_lake.html

Brief intro and stats:http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1202-16-

Super volcanoes

Basics: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html

Topic intro: http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012-superVolcano.html

Fossils

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Intro to paleontology: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/history/fossils.shtml

Links to a variety of resources: http://www.paleoportal.org/

The geologic time scale

Intro: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/timeform.php

History of the geologic timescale: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibit/histgeoscale.html

Intro with timescale of life development:

http://www.uky.edu/KGS/education/geologictimescale.pdf

Earth’s magnetic field

Brief intro: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/29dec_magneticfield/

Discussion on effects of magnetic field:

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMXWW7YBZG_index_0.html

Elastic rebound theory

Brief intro to Reid’s ERT: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/reid.php

http://peer.berkeley.edu/course_modules/eqrd/EQDef/eqdef2.htm

ER on a strike-slip fault:

http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/aotm/4/StrikeSlipRebound_B

ACKGROUND.pdf

The Mar. 11, 2011 Japan earthquake

Basics: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc0001xgp.php

Brief details of EQ: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsunami/pdf/2011_0311.pdf

Locating an earthquake

How EQs are located: http://www.mgs.md.gov/seismics/edu/no6.pdf

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/faq/index.php?categoryID=2&faqID=118/index.html

Largest historical earthquakes

USGS lists (select location for more detail):

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/10_largest_world.php

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http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/byyear.php

Earth’s interior structure

Basic look at Crust, Mantle, and Core: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/interior/

Brief look at tomography techniques used to gather information on earth’s interior:

http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/aotm/7/SeismicTomography_

Background.pdf

Faults

Brief overview: http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/faults/

Basics of faults and related topics: http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate6.htm

More basics: http://pages.uoregon.edu/millerm/faults.html

Volcanoes

Detailed look at volcanoes and related topics:

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/

Stats and general info: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/volcano_table

Types: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html

Hawaii volcanism

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, a database of volcanism info: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/

Kilauea status reports, updates, and info releases:

http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/activity/kilaueastatus.php

General info about Hawaiian shield volcanoes:

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/haw_volc.html

Calderas

Intro to calderas: http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Calderas.html

Basics on caldera formation and caldera examples:

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Caldera/description_caldera.html

Yellowstone volcano

National Parks Service FAQ: http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/volcanoqa.htm

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Brief geology and history:

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_geo_hist_52.html

Plateau basalts (flood basalts)

Basics of flood basalts: http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/education/flood_basalts_1

More basics with info on specific examples: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/flood-basalts

Siberian Flood Basalts: http://siberia.mit.edu/

Radiometric dating

Intro to radiometric time scale: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html

Principles of radiometric dating:

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/radiometric_dating.htm

Ocean currents

Ocean currents and climate—types, forces, and paleocurrents:

http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html

Basics of currents—types, measurement, and affects on humans (menu options at right):

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/

Ocean pollution

Intro to ocean pollution types:

http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/peril_pollution1.html

Basics of ocean pollution (see menu left for more):

http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollution/

Deep ocean circulation

Intro to thermohaline circulation: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/thc.html

Thermohaline circ, global conveyor belt, and affects of climate change:

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/05conveyor1.html

A paper describing deep ocean circ in more detail:

http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/glodap/glodap_pdfs/Thermohaline.web.pdf

Shoreline processes

Intro to coastal geology (see link to coast processes):

http://www.nature.nps.gov/views/kcs/coastalg/html/ET_Intro.htm

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Shoreline processes and evolution of coastal landscape:

http://www.tulane.edu/~geol113/COASTAL-PROCESSES-1a.htm

Black smokers

Intro to black smokers: http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/kiosk/blacksmoker.html

Mid-ocean ridge setting of hydrothermal vents:

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05galapagos/background/mid_ocean_ridge/mid_o

cean_ridge.html

More detail on black smokers: http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Ridge/R-Hydrothermal.htm

Deep sea trenches

Basic info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench

Mariana Trench:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench

The Trieste (Mariana trench, 1960)

Brief history/account of the Trieste:

http://www.expeditions.udel.edu/extreme08/tools/trieste.html

Don Walsh describes the trip to the Mariana Trench: http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-

life/profiles/don-walsh-describes-the-trip-to-the-bottom-of-the-mariana-trench

Marine biology

List of marine biology resources by type: http://www.mbari.org/topics/biology/bio-main.htm

List of facts about marine biology:

http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/education_marine_life_factsheet.htm

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Student resources for marine bio info (click links): http://biology.jbpub.com/marine10e/

Deep sea drilling

Website of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (see menu links):http://www.iodp-

usio.org/About/default.html

Basic intro to the drilling program: http://www.oceanleadership.org/programs-and-

partnerships/scientific-ocean-drilling/integrated-ocean-drilling-program/

Oil spills

EPA response to oil spills: http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/

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Basic intro to issues: http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/oilspills.htm

Tides

Brief intro to ocean tides: http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/motion/tides1.htm

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides02_cause.html