ust200
boodkvokhari
ch_8_the_city_manages_.pptxThe City Manages
Public Administration
American cities cannot exist without an administrative/ bureaucratic structure.
Public administrators work to help solve demanding public problems and serve the public primarily through government agencies and non-profit organizations.
Public administrators, at the local level, have the most influence over your everyday quality of life.
Public Management
City and public managers oversee the day-to-day operations of a municipality.
City managers report to City Council or the Mayor, and the public at-large.
City policies are duties or standards of performance for the City. A policy addresses recurring issues that provide guidelines setting out the level and manner the City will perform duties imposed on itself or those imposed on the City by legislation.
Policy Development
Priorities of the Public Managers
Formulate policy and budget for the city and its departments.
Prepare, present, and administer the budget. The budget is the primary statement of its policies and priorities. It is the most important tool in setting the future course of a government unit.
Appoint or remove department personnel.
Form extensive external relationships to help resolve local or departmental issues and problems.
Competencies of Public Managers
Recognizing obligations to others.
Visioning and creativity (in problem-solving).
Preventing problems.
Demonstrating leadership.
Shape the municipal agenda and propose policy solutions.
Positive interaction with people outside of government.
Facilitate positive government-citizen interaction.
Laissez-Faire Leadership
Lacks direct supervision of employees and fails to provide regular feedback to those under his supervision.
Highly experienced and trained employees requiring little supervision fall under the laissez-faire leadership style.
This leadership style hinders the production of employees needing supervision.
The laissez-faire style produces no leadership or supervision efforts from managers, which can lead to poor production, lack of control and increasing costs.
Autocratic Leadership
Allows managers to make decisions alone without the input of others.
Managers possess total authority and impose their will on employees.
No one challenges the decisions of autocratic leaders.
This leadership style benefits employees who require close supervision.
Creative employees who thrive in group functions detest this leadership style.
Bureaucratic Leadership
Bureaucratic leaders rely on rules, regulations, and clearly defined positions within organizations. They tend to be well organized.
People in bureaucratic leadership are likely to report only to their immediate supervisor or, in the case of a president or CEO of a company, to the board of directors. Stepping out of the organizational role they play is difficult for them.
Employees in bureaucracies are promoted based on their ability to conform to the rules. Bureaucratic leadership relies on strict hierarchies and often depends on written job descriptions and organization charts to explain the hierarchy and their relationships.
Cleveland Organizational Chart
Participative (Democratic) Leadership
Values the input of team members and peers, but the responsibility of making the final decision rests with the participative leader.
Boosts employee morale because employees make contributions to the decision-making process.
When changes within the organization need to be made, the participative leadership style helps employees accept changes easily because they play a role in the process.
This style meets challenges when decisions need to be made in a short period.
Transformational Leadership
Depends on high levels of communication from management to meet goals.
Leaders motivate employees and enhance productivity and efficiency through communication and high visibility.
This style of leadership requires the involvement of management to meet goals.
Leaders focus on the big picture within an organization and delegate tasks relevant to the big picture to the team to accomplish goals.
Transactional Leadership
Managers using the transactional leadership style receive certain tasks to perform and provide rewards or punishments to team members based on performance results.
Managers and team members set predetermined goals together, and employees agree to follow the direction and leadership of the manager to accomplish those goals.
The manager possesses power to review results and train or correct employees when team members fail to meet goals.
Employees receive rewards, such as bonuses, when they accomplish goals.
Ethics of Public Service
Corruption and mismanagement color public perceptions of the legitimacy and quality of government action. To that end, improving the ethical behavior of government employees is fundamental to the legitimacy of democratic governance.
Promote the public interest by putting service to the public above service to oneself.
Strengthen social equity by treating all persons with fairness, justice, equality and respect" and reducing "unfairness, injustice and inequality.
Demonstrate personal integrity by adhering to the highest standards of conduct to inspire public confidence and trust in public service.
American Planning Association Ethical Principles
Assignments for Friday, February 10
Read Chapter 12: The City Regulates Itself
Complete Chapter Summary Question 12-1: What are the six purposes for government which the people set forth in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution?
This should not be just a list of six statements. It should include a (referenced) interpretation of them as well.
400-500 words (about one page).
