caniqs/civil/highway/materials

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

(5) Compare your results to similar investigations - In some cases, it is legitimate

to compare outcomes with classmates, not to change your answer, but to look for

any anomalies between the groups and discuss those.

(6) Analyze the strengths and limitations of your experimental design - This is

Particularly useful to demonstrate your understanding of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONS Note:

(1) State what is known

(2) Justify statement

(3) State significance (4) Suggest further research

REFERENCES

As noted above.

APPENDIX-I Typically include such elements as raw data, calculations, graphs pictures or tables that have not been included in the report itself. Each kind of item should be contained

in a separate appendix. Make sure you refer to each appendix at least once in your report.

Taken from: http://www.ecf.utoronto.cal-writinglhandbook-lab.html (Date of accessing the website)

APPENDIX- II

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE For example:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1. Ensure that you have no loose clothing, jewellery , hair, etc.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1. Before the laboratory equipment is switched on ensure that there are no foreign bodies within the area.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF THE LABORATORY SESSION

1. Ensure that the laboratory equipment and the surrounding area are left in a safe condition, e.g. no trip hazards are left on the floor.

2. etc 3. etc

4. etc

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Any accidents, injuries or unsafe conditions observed will be notified

immediately to Killian Ngong or Anthony Smith at Leeds Beckett University.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

APPENDIX - Ill RISK ASSESSMENT FORM For example:

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION :COMMENTS . (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

MACHINERY HAZARDS:

1. TRAPS: The body or limb(s) become trapped between closing or passing motions of the machine. In some cases the trap occurs when the limb(s) are drawn into a closing motion.

MIN

LOW

LOW

Guards - difficult to bypass or disable, emergency shutdown, training in correct use, location allows the equipment to be used safely.

Training: for students to attend all

lectures (Jan - May 2015)

etc etc etc etc etc etc

etc etc etc etc etc etc

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HAZARD SEVERITY (WCO) THE RISK LEVEL (LVL)

MAJOR

HIGH

HIGH

MED

SERIOUS

HIGH

MED

LOW

MINOR

MED

LOW

LOW

HIGH

MODERATE

LOW

HAZARD LIKELIHOOD

RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

RISK= WORST CASE OUTCOME X LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE

HIGHWAYS ENGINEERING A

HAZARD LIKELIHOOD (LIK): THREE POINT SCALE

HAZARD SEVERITY WORST CASE OUTCOME (WCO): THREE POINT SCALE

MAJOR (MAJ): Condition I Practice Likely to Cause: -

 permanent disability

 loss of life

HIGH ( HIG): Likely to happen. Common/regular or frequent occurrence i.e.

Daily, several times per day/weekly, every few weeks

MODERATE (MOD): Probable to happen. Occasional occurrence - loss/harm may

occur, once a month or several times a year.

 loss of body part (to one or more persons)

 major injury notifiable under Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1985.

 extensive loss of plant or equipment or building

 dangerous occurences as specified under RIDDOR.

SERIOUS (SER): ConditionIPractice which may Result in:-

 serious injury or illness resulting in temporary disability to one or more persons, in

excess of 3 days

 damage to plant,equipment or buildings,which result in disruption to normal activities .

LOW (LOW): Possible to happen. Not a frequent/regular occurrence -

loss/harm may occur once a year , unlikely but cannot be ruled

out.

MINOR (MI N): Conditions I Practi ce which may resul t in: -

 minor/disabling injury or illness which may involve some lost time (of at least one hour

but not more than 3 days)

 no injury or illness (near miss) but results in some minor disruptive damage to plant,

equipment or building property.

THE RISK LEVEL - ACTION BY

HIGH IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED, refer to the Head of School and cancel task if risk too great

MEDIUM ACTION PRIOR TO TASK to remove or reduce risk.

LOW Ensure appropriate safety briefing

• NOTE: If Medium or Low risks could affect 50 or more people, use the next

higher risk zone for action.

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO

As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the follow ing:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF THE LABORATORY SESSION

1.

2.

3.

4.

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1.

2.

3.

4.

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

RISK ASSESSMENT (RA) FORM

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION: COMMENTS. (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

BITUMEN TESTS As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF. THE LABORATORY SESSION

1.

2.

3.

4.

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1.

2.

3.

4.

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

RISK ASSESSMENT (RA) FORM

BITUMEN TESTS As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION; COMMENTS. (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

Please continue on a separate sheet if

necessary

COURSEWORK PART 1- APPENDICES

DESCRIPTION OF TESTS

COURSEWORK PART 1

A. APPENDIX 1: BITUMENT TESTS

COURSEWORK PART 1

B. APPENDIX 2: CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST (CBR)

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING COURSEWORK PART 1-LABORATORY REPORT

Introduction

The coursework for this module consist of two parts- Part one is based on two sets of laboratory tests namely: Bitumen tests and the California Bearing Ratio test (CBR). The second part of the coursework is a highway design exercise and the brief will be issued separately.

For Part 1 of the coursework, each student must submit an individual technical

laboratory report on the TWO tests carried out. Please see 'Laboratory Report'

handout b e l o w for guidance on writing a laboratory report. You will be expected

to consult the appropriate British Standards and comment on the accuracy of the

work undertaken. In addition, your comments should include the potential

applications of the test results in building and civil engineering practice. The use of

spreadsheets and word processing in the calculation of the laboratory test results

and the write up of the experiment will be actively encouraged. Each student will

also include a Risk Assessment and Safe Working Procedure as part of their

laboratory report. Details of how to carry out the tests are included in the Appendix.

Assessment

The marking scheme for coursework Part 1 will be as follows:

1) A Laboratory Report -for both the CBR and bitumen tests:

 See next page 'Laboratory Report' 80 marks 2) Key skills

 Safe Working Procedure and Risk Assessment* 10 marks

 Presentation of report* 5 marks

 Library use (reference to published results/BS) 5 marks

Submission details

This module requires you to submit paper copies of your work. You MUST complete an Assignment Submission Form and submit the work with the form securely attached. Please note: Tutors will follow up any suspected cheating, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion and other forms of unfair practice found after the submission date as per University policy. Late penalties will apply as per University regulations.

The submission will consist of a bound copy of your report including the safe working procedure and risk assessment sheets for both sets of tests.

Deadline and where to submit your report

The deadline for submission of this work is Thursday 23 March 2017by 3.00PM, at Broadcasting Place reception.

Feedback

General feedback will be provided at one of the lecture sessions after the submission of the work (27th April 2017). More detailed individual feedback will be given on the report that will be handed back around this time. Take time to read and understand your feedback and contact the lecturer at the earliest opportunity for further clarification if necessary.

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

TITLE PAGE

(1) Title of Experiment,

LABORATORY REPORT LAYOUT

(2) Name of student , course and level

(3) Group & Date of performing the experiment(s) (4) Lecturer's name

ABSTRACT

Summarises essential aspects of the report:

(1) The purpose of the experiment (2) Key findings

(3) Significance

(4) Major conclusions

INTRODUCTION

Explain very briefly the purpose of the experiment and important background/theory.

The introduction should be more focused than the abstract, stating the subject matter of the report clearly and concisely, in a few sentences.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Only note down anything that you did different than what is quoted in the laboratory

handout and/or the corresponding BS (describe the process in chronological order).

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

Show only one typical calculation on the data obtained from the experiment and then

tabu late the results of your analysis - spreadsheets. Present the analysed data in

figures or tables to indicate what knowledge has been gained from the experiment.

DISCUSSION

Points to consider when writing the discussion {the most important part of your report):

• Are your values of the right order of magnitude, i.e. are they in keeping with typical

values in textbooks? What does your textbook say about the materials relevant to

this experiment?

• Could the experiment be improved?

• According to theory, how should the material behave- how did it behave?

• What has the experiment taught you about the material you were testing?

• What have you learned?

Quotations from textbooks are perfectly acceptable provided that the whole report is

not copied from a book and also provided that the source of the information is

acknowledged.

CONCLUSIONS

Be brief. The conclusions s h o u l d b e concise s t a t e m e n t s , which arise from y o u r

discussion - they can be negative or positive.

REFERENCES-Harvard/Numeric style (including the date of accessing any website)

APPENDIX I- Raw data and calculations - no comments required.

APPENDIX II- Safe Working Procedure

APPENDIXIll-RiskAssessment

Presentation - The laboratory report must be word processed and graphs produced

on Excel and labeled correctly, etc.

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

NOTES ON LABORATORY REPORT

Note: write the report in the third person

ABSTRACT

The abstract often also includes a brief reference to theory or methodology . The abstract should be one or two paragraphs of 100-200 words. For example:

This experiment examined the effect of......................... The test was to determine............ ... Five samples were tested ................ Each condition was

.................. Results showed that ............................. This last result is contrary to theory/expectations ................... . These results have important applications in...............

INTRODUCTION

Example: The purpose of this experiment was to identify

These were determined using the ?????method/machine.

Note:

 The experiment is already finished. Use the past tense when talking

about the experiment. "The objective of the experiment was... "

 The report, the theory and permanent equipment still exist; therefore,

these get the present tense: "The purpose of this report is...", "Newton's

Law is ..." & "The CBR test produces . .."

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

As noted above.

CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS

Note:

(1) Number and Title tables and graphs (Table - title at top, Figure - title at bottom;

both starting from 1.1, 1.2..., 2.1, 2.2..., etc. for each section)

(2) Use a sentence or two to draw attention to key points in tables or graphs (3) Provide sample calculation only

(4) State key result in sentence form

DISCUSSION

Points to consider: (1) Compare expected results with those obtained- if there were differences, how

can you account for them? Saying "human error" implies you're incompetent. Be

specific; for example, the instruments could not measure precisely, the sample

was not pure or was contaminated, or calculated values did not take account of

friction etc.

(2) Analyse experimental error- Was it avoidable? Was it a result of equipment? If an experiment was within the tolerances, you can still account for the difference

from the ideal. If the flaws result from the experimental design explain how the

design might be improved.

(3) Explain your results in terms of theoretical issues - Often undergraduate labs are intended to illustrate important physical laws. Usually you will have discussed

these in the introduction. In this section move from the results to the theory. How

well has the theory been illustrated?

(4) Relate results to your experimental objective(s) - If you set out to identify an

unknown, state the answer.

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

(5) Compare your results to similar investigations - In some cases, it is legitimate

to compare outcomes with classmates, not to change your answer, but to look for

any anomalies between the groups and discuss those.

(6) Analyze the strengths and limitations of your experimental design - This is

Particularly useful to demonstrate your understanding of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONS Note:

(1) State what is known

(2) Justify statement

(3) State significance (4) Suggest further research

REFERENCES

As noted above.

APPENDIX-I Typically include such elements as raw data, calculations, graphs pictures or tables that have not been included in the report itself. Each kind of item should be contained

in a separate appendix. Make sure you refer to each appendix at least once in your report.

Taken from: http://www.ecf.utoronto.cal-writinglhandbook-lab.html (Date of accessing the website)

APPENDIX- II

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE For example:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1. Ensure that you have no loose clothing, jewellery , hair, etc.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1. Before the laboratory equipment is switched on ensure that there are no foreign bodies within the area.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF THE LABORATORY SESSION

1. Ensure that the laboratory equipment and the surrounding area are left in a safe condition, e.g. no trip hazards are left on the floor.

2. etc 3. etc

4. etc

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Any accidents, injuries or unsafe conditions observed will be notified

immediately to Killian Ngong or Anthony Smith at Leeds Beckett University.

2. etc 3. etc 4. etc

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

APPENDIX - Ill RISK ASSESSMENT FORM For example:

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION :COMMENTS . (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

MACHINERY HAZARDS:

1. TRAPS: The body or limb(s) become trapped between closing or passing motions of the machine. In some cases the trap occurs when the limb(s) are drawn into a closing motion.

MIN

LOW

LOW

Guards - difficult to bypass or disable, emergency shutdown, training in correct use, location allows the equipment to be used safely.

Training: for students to attend all

lectures (Jan - May 2015)

etc etc etc etc etc etc

etc etc etc etc etc etc

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY

HAZARD SEVERITY (WCO) THE RISK LEVEL (LVL)

MAJOR

HIGH

HIGH

MED

SERIOUS

HIGH

MED

LOW

MINOR

MED

LOW

LOW

HIGH

MODERATE

LOW

HAZARD LIKELIHOOD

RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

RISK= WORST CASE OUTCOME X LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE

HIGHWAYS ENGINEERING A

HAZARD LIKELIHOOD (LIK): THREE POINT SCALE

HAZARD SEVERITY WORST CASE OUTCOME (WCO): THREE POINT SCALE

MAJOR (MAJ): Condition I Practice Likely to Cause: -

 permanent disability

 loss of life

HIGH ( HIG): Likely to happen. Common/regular or frequent occurrence i.e.

Daily, several times per day/weekly, every few weeks

MODERATE (MOD): Probable to happen. Occasional occurrence - loss/harm may

occur, once a month or several times a year.

 loss of body part (to one or more persons)

 major injury notifiable under Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1985.

 extensive loss of plant or equipment or building

 dangerous occurences as specified under RIDDOR.

SERIOUS (SER): ConditionIPractice which may Result in:-

 serious injury or illness resulting in temporary disability to one or more persons, in

excess of 3 days

 damage to plant,equipment or buildings,which result in disruption to normal activities .

LOW (LOW): Possible to happen. Not a frequent/regular occurrence -

loss/harm may occur once a year , unlikely but cannot be ruled

out.

MINOR (MI N): Conditions I Practi ce which may resul t in: -

 minor/disabling injury or illness which may involve some lost time (of at least one hour

but not more than 3 days)

 no injury or illness (near miss) but results in some minor disruptive damage to plant,

equipment or building property.

THE RISK LEVEL - ACTION BY

HIGH IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED, refer to the Head of School and cancel task if risk too great

MEDIUM ACTION PRIOR TO TASK to remove or reduce risk.

LOW Ensure appropriate safety briefing

• NOTE: If Medium or Low risks could affect 50 or more people, use the next

higher risk zone for action.

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO

As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the follow ing:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF THE LABORATORY SESSION

1.

2.

3.

4.

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1.

2.

3.

4.

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

RISK ASSESSMENT (RA) FORM

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION: COMMENTS. (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

BITUMEN TESTS As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

A. PRIOR TO STARTING WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

B. WHILST UNDERTAKING THE LABORATORY WORK

1.

2.

3.

4.

C. PRIOR TO DEPARTURE OF. THE LABORATORY SESSION

1.

2.

3.

4.

D. RESPONSIBILITIES

1.

2.

3.

4.

Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary

LEEDS BECKETT UNIVERSITY HIGHWAY ENGINEERING A

SAFE WORKING PROCEDURE

RISK ASSESSMENT (RA) FORM

BITUMEN TESTS As part of your laboratory experiment/report you MUST complete the following:

TASK- HAZARDS/DEFICIENCIES

RISK* CURRENT CONTROLS

REMEDIAL MEASURES; CONTROLS ,

ACTION; COMMENTS. (including action date)

wco LIK LVL

Please continue on a separate sheet if

necessary

COURSEWORK PART 1- APPENDICES

DESCRIPTION OF TESTS

COURSEWORK PART 1

A. APPENDIX 1: BITUMENT TESTS

COURSEWORK PART 1

B. APPENDIX 2: CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST (CBR)

PictureOfMachineFor-CBR-test.jpg