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SWOT Analysis

What is a SWOT Analysis

A SWOT Analysis or SWOT Matrix is a planning method for exploring the four major aspects of a business venture,

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats.

This information can be interpreted in numerous ways:

in the form of detailed reports or as a presentation, using SWOT analysis templates.

A SWOT analysis can help explore the critical aspects of an organization’s products, projects and even its reputation and goodwill.

What is a SWOT Analysis, cont.

What makes SWOT particularly powerful is that it can help you uncover opportunities that you are well-placed to exploit.

And by understanding the weaknesses of your business, you can manage and eliminate threats that would otherwise catch you unawares.

In a business context, the SWOT analysis enables organizations to identify both internal and external influences. Outside of business, other organizations have found much use in the method's guiding principles.

When examining the potential for a new business or product, a SWOT analysis can help determine the likely risks and rewards

When to use a SWOT

SWOT is meant to be used during the proposal stage of strategic planning. It acts as a precursor to any sort of company action, which makes it appropriate for the following moments:

Exploring avenues for new initiatives

Making decisions about execution strategies for a new policy

Identifying possible areas for change in a program

Refining and redirecting efforts midplan

The SWOT analysis is an excellent tool for organizing information, presenting solutions, identifying roadblocks and emphasizing opportunities.

SWOT Analysis Matrix – Business/Marketing

Modern SWOT analysis in business and marketing situations is normally structured so that a 2x2 matrix grid can be produced, according to two pairs of dimensions.

Strengths and Weaknesses, are 'mapped' or 'graphed' against Opportunities and Threats.

Strengths and Weaknesses are regarded distinctly as internal factors

Opportunities and Threats are regarded distinctly as external factors.

SWOT Matrix

Strengths and Weaknesses The internal environment - the situation inside the company or organization For example, factors relating to products, pricing, costs, profitability, performance, quality, people, skills, adaptability, brands, services, reputation, processes, infrastructure, etc. Factors tend to be in the present 
Opportunities and Threats The external environment - the situation outside the company or organization For example, factors relating to markets, sectors, audience, fashion, seasonality, trends, competition, economics, politics, society, culture, technology, environmental, media, law, etc. Factors tend to be in the future

SWOT Matrix

  Strengths (Internal) Weaknesses (Internal)
Opportunities  (External) Strengths/Opportunities  Obvious natural priorities likely to produce greatest ROI (Return On Investment) Likely to be quickest and easiest to implement. Probably justifying immediate action-planning or feasibility study. Executive question: "If we are not already looking at these areas and prioritizing them, then why not?" Weaknesses/Opportunities  Potentially attractive options likely to produce good returns if capability and implementation are viable. Potentially more exciting and stimulating and rewarding than S/O due to change, challenge, surprise tactics, and benefits from addressing and achieving improvements. Executive questions: "What's actually stopping us doing these things, provided they truly fit strategically and are realistic and substantial?"
Threats  (External) Strengths/Threats  Easy to defend and counter only basic awareness, planning, and implementation required to meet these challenges. Investment in these issues is generally safe and necessary. Executive question: "Are we properly informed and organized to deal with these issues, and are we certain there are no hidden surprises?" - and - "Since we are strong here, can any of these threats be turned into opportunities?" Weaknesses/Threats  Potentially high risk assessment of risk crucial. Where risk is low then we must ignore these issues and not be distracted by them. Where risk is high we must assess capability gaps and plan to defend/avert in very specific controlled ways. Executive question: "Have we accurately assessed the risks of these issues, and where the risks are high do we have specific controlled reliable plans to avoid/avert/defend?"

Subject of SWOT analysis

STRENGHTS: Advantages of proposition? Capabilities? Competitive advantages? USP's (unique selling points)? Resources, Assets, People? Experience, knowledge, data? Financial reserves, likely returns? Marketing - reach, distribution, awareness? Innovative aspects? Location and geographical? Price, value, quality? Accreditations, qualifications, certifications? Processes, systems, IT, communications? Cultural, attitudinal, behavioural? Management cover, succession? WEAKNESSES: Disadvantages of proposition? Gaps in capabilities? Lack of competitive strength? Reputation, presence and reach? Financials? Own known vulnerabilities? Timescales, deadlines and pressures? Cashflow, start-up cash-drain? Continuity, supply chain robustness? Effects on core activities, distraction? Reliability of data, plan predictability? Morale, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc? Processes and systems, etc? Management cover, succession?
OPPORTUNITIES: Market developments? Competitors' vulnerabilities? Industry or lifestyle trends? Technology development and innovation? Global influences? New markets, vertical, horizontal? Niche target markets? Geographical, export, import? Market need for new USP's? Market response to tactics, e.g., surprise? Major contracts, tenders? Business and product development? Information and research? Partnerships, agencies, distribution? Market volume demand trends? Seasonal, weather, fashion influences? THREATS: Political effects? Legislative effects? Environmental effects? IT developments? Competitor intentions - various? Market demand? New technologies, services, ideas? Vital contracts and partners? Obstacles faced? Insurmountable weaknesses? Employment market? Financial and credit pressures? Economy - home, abroad? Seasonality, weather effects?

Example of SWOT Analysis