Unit V Animal Rights Literature Review 2

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ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 1

Unit III Animal Rights Literature Review

Cynthia Fisher

Columbia Southern University

2/4/17

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: Good Work

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 2

Introduction

Animal rights movement advocates for animal’s wellbeing, free from pain, cruelty and

abuse as they are living beings and they have the right to live in liberty. Abuse of animals has

become a major issue worldwide therefore becoming a problem that can be solved only through

obtaining a clear comprehension of what the rights entail. Animal rights as a movement

challenges the society’s old view that all animals only exist for human use like in

experimentation and agriculture (Sunstein 388). Despite the comprehension of what animal

rights entail, it is crucial for individuals to understand the potential causes of animal abuse.

While those who display these practices of viciousness and disregard towards animals must be

dissected and, if vital, liberatingly analyzed, they should likewise be considered responsible for

their activities, which is done by specific laws and controls that endeavor to forestall animal

cruelty. This way, the harmful effects of animal abuse is lessened and stopped.

Many individuals trust that animals do not have rights, and that the general populations

who support animal rights are liberals who need to discover different channels for their

persuasions while others feel it is our ethical commitment to nurture animals as they cannot act

or talk for themselves. Protecting animals is, imperative for some reasons, including the help

they provide for plant ecosystems, the emotional and psychological bolster they can offer to

people, and the knowledge picked up from the sociological studies of them and therefore they

have the right to experience their lives free from exploitation and misery. We as human beings

however do take speciesism to extremes, making new species through farming and

domestication, invading most climates and environments, and utilizing our intelligence to expand

or sort term gains at the detriment of long-term sustainability. Animals have rights to live free of

pain, abuse and suffering.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: Incorrect Citation Format If there is an author, use the following: (Author’s Last Name, Date). Example-- (Smith, 2012). For two authors— (Smith & Jones, 2013). If there is no author, use the following: (“Title,” Date). For a government source, use the name of the agency as the author: (CDC, 2014). For a direct quotation, use the following: (Smith, 2012, p.4) This error continues.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: Write in the third person.

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 3

Literature Review

The fight against animal brutality, the advocacy of animal rights and the welfare of

animals has occurred to some degree over the span of history. It's vital to comprehend that

owning animals as property to be eaten or killed is the defining core of our consciousness, and

that every human being is routinely indoctrinated into the attitude of control, reductionism,

avoidance, elitism, and disconnectedness required by the sustenance practices of our culture

(Cochrane 37). This review discusses the existing literature in regard to animal rights. The

section contains history, terminology and the pros and cons of the controversies involved in

animal rights.

All around the world the “animal research controversy” is capturing community attention

by storm. Many are the individuals who emphasize on different concerns. Some stress on the

functional and fundamental wellbeing particularly flexibility from injury and pain. Others stress

on animals effective condition such as stress free, pleasure and pain that are experienced as either

negative or positive. Others accentuate the capacity of animals to live sensibly a common live

through doing regular conduct and having normal components in their surroundings. These

concerns constitute diverse criteria that researchers use to survey animal welfare. The concerns

have brought about many new activists groups who advocate for the living rights of animals.

Even researchers are on their look out to identify other methods of experimentation without

using animals like rats, mice, pigs and so on. These animals regularly confront cruel situations

and hazardous infusions in their research roles.

The beginning of animal rights focused on the issue of vivisection. The concept of animal

rights was not known in times past and most of those who have been persuasive in the movement

towards this idea may have just bolstered a constrained change in the way animals are viewed

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: Do not use contractions in academic writing. Contractions are hallmarks of informal writing style. Always strive to write in a formal style in academic and business writing. This error continues throughout the document.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: Do not use phrases like "this review discusses." These types of phrases are clichés—general statements that do not add any detailed evidence or unique support to a piece of writing.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: It can be helpful to review the example provided by CSU for a literature review: https://mycsu.columbiasouthern.edu/media/review-of-lit-example-with-bubbles.pdf This reads more like the section for your body argument, where you use sources to support the points you are trying to make rather than a literature review. In the literature review you need to talk about the source, summarize the argument made in the source, and connect it to the ideas expressed in other sources. Look at the following from the CSU example-- Matthew Etherington (2008), the author of the article “E-Learning Pedagogy in the Primary School Classroom: The McDonaldization of Education,” writes about the dehumanization of primary students as a direct result of online pedagogy. This is the first sentence of the paragraph. It states the author, the source, and the focus of the article. There are key phrases, like "the author writes about" and "the author defines" or "the source compares" in the CSU example. This lets your readers know that you are summarizing the ideas of that source.

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 4

and treated (Korsgaard 17). Several people have had unintentional influence on how animals are

treated. Many read the antiquated Hindu and Buddhist scripture as supporting vegans for ethical

and moral reasons. This ideology has advanced constantly over centuries. However, numerous

animal activists indicate the production of "Animal Liberation" in the year 1975 as the impetus

for the cutting edge American animal rights development. Nevertheless, in 1979, “Animal Legal

Defense Fund” was set up. The following year, “People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals”

(PETA) was established. PETA was a universal multi-issue animal rights association, upholding

veganism and fighting against animal abuses like hunting, fur, circuses and vivisection (Waldau

34). Most recent in 2012, a universal convention of neuroscientists announced that non-human

animals have consciousness. The author of this declaration immediately went vegan. The animal

rights revolution (vegan revolution) has been coming quite a while now (Freeman 168). We are

entering the last phases of its acknowledgment, it seems to be a transformation of consideration,

creative celebration, delight, and it needs every human being to participate. Liberating animal’s

means we can free ourselves too and allow the earth to restore for every living being.

In his article, Blouin inspects the disparities in dog owner’s dispositions toward treatment

of, and associations with animals. Blouin p. 279 exhibits that dogs are a critical piece of many

individuals' lives that often offers entertainment, companionship and social interactions.

However, as per the results, Blouin says that there seems to be outstanding particular disparities

in how individuals identify with dogs. According to research done by Ascione & Shapiro p. 572,

there are numerous conceivable reasons why the individuals treat animals in a certain manner.

According to Ascione & Shapiro, there exists recurring themes that frequently manifest while

breaking down the conduct of animal abusers. Frequently when individuals are convicted of

animal mishandle, upon further investigations concerning their past, it is mostly found that they

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: This is not APA format for a signal phrase. This error continues.

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 5

endured abuse as kids (Fraser 50). In the wake of being not able safeguard themselves and

feeling frail against their abusers for so long, the outrage that child abuse casualties have left

over from their childhoods tends to show itself in destructive conduct coordinated at other

individuals and particularly at animals

Summary and conclusion

From the above literature, animal abuse is an issue that animal rights activists will

continue to advocate against no matter the outcome. It is evident that animal rights- which

include right to refrain from pain and suffering- have become a great concern in the modern

world. Though it can be hard to advocate against animal abuse considering its benefits, some

people have opted to go vegan, just for the sake of animal happiness. Scientists on the other hand

have investigated on the relationship between childhood abuse and animal abuse and according

to their outcomes, they can help to reduce or rather eradicate animal abuse and cruelty.

To sum up the above text, the general agreement in established researchers about animal

research is that it is totally fundamental for the medication to advance, but, even those

researchers whom are frightfully stressed over the prosperity of the animals require not fear

because of the expanding weights of the legislative acts, and new feasible care by including

documentation of the animal's lifestyle. There is scarcely any verbal confrontation left in

mainstream researchers about the ramifications of animal testing, the real barriers to their further

progressions are a smaller percentage groups of non-researchers. Researchers solid bolster

animal testing, and pledge to make it more sheltered and less fundamental later on.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: These types of phrases are clichés—general statements that do not add any detailed evidence or unique support to a piece of writing.

ANIMAL RIGHTS LITERATURE REVIEW 6

References

Ascione, F. R., & Shapiro, K. (2009). People and animals, kindness and cruelty: Research

directions and policy implications. Journal of Social Issues, 65(3), 569-587.

Blouin, D. D. (2013). Are dogs’ children, companions, or just animals? Understanding variations

in people's orientations toward animals. Anthrozoös, 26(2), 279-294.

Cochrane, Alasdair. Animal rights without liberation: Applied ethics and human obligations.

Columbia University Press, 2012.

Freeman, Carrie Packwood. "Framing animal rights in the “Go Veg” campaigns of US animal

rights organizations." Society & Animals 18.2 (2010): 163-182.

Fraser, D. (2008). Understanding animal welfare. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50(1), S1

Korsgaard, M. Christine. (2012). A Kantian case for animal rights. “The Ethics of Killing

Animals", 3-25

Sunstein, C. R. (2003). The rights of animals. The University of Chicago Law Review, 70(1),

387-401.

Waldau, Paul. Animal Rights: What Everyone Needs to Know? Oxford University Press, 2010

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: No quotations.

Christine Pavesic

Christine Pavesic: No quotations.