for prof kankan

Biology 103 Laboratory Exercise – Using the Metric System Objective This exercise is designed to familiarize students with the metric system through the use of metric units in the measurement of familiar objects. Introduction To make scientific data more easily understood, scientists around the world utilize the same systems of measurement. These common systems of measurement are recognized as the International System of Units (SI). The System encompasses seven basic units of measurement only four of which are of primary interest to biology students. These four units are length, mass, volume, and temperature. These four units of measurement are convenient to use because they are based on the number ten and multiples, thereof. Refer to the following table of commonly used units for metric conversion in completing the exercise of this exercise.

SI Fundamental Units and Derived Units for this Exercise

Physical Quantity Unit name Symbol Length meter m Mass kilogram kg Temperature kelvin K Volume cubic meter cm3 or cc

Traditional Metric and SI Prefixes

Prefix Factor Symbol kilo 103 (1,000) k deci 10-1 (0.100) d centi 10-2 (0.010) c milli 10-3 (0.001) m

Common Units of Mass and Weight

Mass lb oz. kg g 1 pound (lb) 1 16 0.4536 453.6 1 ounce (oz) 0.0625 1 2.836 x 10-2 28.36 1 kilogram (kg) 2.204 35.3 1 1000 1 gram (g) 2.204 x 10-3 0.0353 0.001 1

Common Units of Length

Length A in. m cm 1 Angstrom (A) 1 3.94 x 10-9 10-10 10-8 1 inch (in) 2.54 x 108 1 2.54 x 10-2 2.54 1 meter (m) 1010 39.37 1 102 1 centimeter (cm) 108 0.3937 10-2 1

Common Units of Volume

Volume mL cm3 qt oz. 1 milliliter (mL) 1 1 1.06 x 10-3 3.392 x 10-2 1 cubic centimeter (cm3) 1 1 1.06 x 10-3 3.392 x 10-2 1 quart (qt) 943 943 1 32 1 fluid ounce (oz) 29.5 29.5 3.125 x 10-2 1

Common Units of Temperature

Temperature °K °F °C 1 degree Kelvin (°K) 1 9/5 (°K) – 459.7 °K + 273.16* 1 degree Fahrenheit (°F) 5/9 (°F) + 255.4 1 5/9 (°F – 32) 1 degree Centigrade (°C) °C - 273 9/5 (°C) + 32 1 *Absolute zero (°K) = 273.16 °C Materials Needed Measuring sticks - *Links to several different sizes of measuring sticks have been provided on the webpage for this lab exercise Cereal box Coffee cup Medium-sized drinking glass Medium-sized measuring cup Bathroom scale Textbook A shoe Thermometer Ice

Procedure Follow the directions for each exercise. Record your results on the data sheet. A. Measurements of Length

Obtain a meter stick. Measure your height in centimeters. Convert this measurement to meters. Measure the long side of this page in centimeters. Convert this measurement to meters and then to millimeters.

Measure the length of the kitchen table and record the measurement in centimeters. Convert this measurement to meters and also to millimeters.

Measure the length of your shoe and record this measurement in centimeters. Convert this measurement to meters and also to millimeters.

B. Measurements of Volume

Part 1. volume in cubic centimeters (cm3) Obtain a cereal box. Measure the length, width, and height of the box in centimeters. Calculate the volume of the cereal box in cubic centimeters (Volume = length x width x height).

Part 2. volume in milliliters (mL)

Obtain a coffee cup, a medium sized drinking glass, and a medium sized measuring cup. Fill the coffee cup with water. Determine the volume of the coffee cup by pouring the water into the measuring cup (use metric scale on the measuring cup). Record the volume in milliliters. Convert this measurement to liters and kiloliters. Fill the drinking glass with water. Determine the volume of the drinking glass by pouring the water into the measuring cup (use metric scale on the measuring cup). Record the volume in milliliters. Convert this measurement to liters and kiloliters.

C. Measurements of Mass Weigh yourself on the bathroom scale. Record your weight in kilograms. Convert this measurement to grams.

Weigh your textbook (preferably the biology textbook; it’s really heavy . . .) on the bathroom scale. Record the textbook weight in kilograms. Convert this measurement to grams. Weigh one of your shoes on the bathroom scale. Record the weight of your shoe in kilograms. Convert this measurement to grams.

D. Measurements of Temperature

Obtain a thermometer. Handle the thermometer with care! This is a very delicate scientific instrument. Do not shake the thermometer! Without touching the bulb end of the thermometer, determine the room temperature in Celsius. Record this value on the data sheet.

Next, immerse the end of the thermometer into a glass of ice water. If possible, hold the bulb of the thermometer against a melting ice cube. Record this temperature value on the data sheet. Last, hold the bulb of the thermometer tightly in your hand for several minutes. Record this temperature value on the data sheet.

Biology 103 Laboratory Exercise – Using the Metric System

A. Measurements of length Your height in centimeters _________ cm

Your height in meters _________ m in millimeters _________ mm

Length of the page _________ m _________ cm _________ mm

Kitchen table _________ m _________ cm _________ mm

Shoe _________ m _________ cm _________ mm

B. Measurements of volume

Cereal box length _________ cm

width _________ cm

height _________ cm

volume_________ cm3

Coffee cup _________ mL

_________ L

_________ kL

Drinking glass _________ mL

_________ L

_________ kL

C. Measurements of mass Your weight in kilograms _________ kg

Your weight in grams _________ g

Textbook weight in kilograms _________ kg

Textbook weight in grams _________ g

Shoe weight in kilograms _________ kg

Shoe weight in grams _________ g

D. Measurements of temperature Room temperature _________ degrees Celsius

Temperature at which ice melts (Ice water) _________ degrees Celsius

External body temperature of your hand _________ degrees Celsius

Is your body warmer or colder than the room air? _________

E. Conversions

If someone weighs 52 kg, he/she weighs _________ lb.

An object may weigh 8 lb. or _________ g.

The weatherman said it would reach a high of 82 today, that equals _________ °C.

Refrigerators usually measure about 4°F. This equals _________ °C.

It is about 58 miles to Huntsville from here. How far is it in km? _________ km

A 10 k run is _________ miles.

A 2 L soft drink contains _________ oz.

An 8 oz glass holds _________ ml of water.