Earth science Unit III

Question 2

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

		P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.
		P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.
		S waves travel through solids, but only P waves travel through liquids.
		P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

2 points   

Question 3

1. Most divergent plate boundaries are situated along the crests of what?

		Convergent rifts
		Trenches
		Subduction zones
		Oceanic ridges

2 points   

Question 4

1. Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?

		Gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon
		Electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core
		The upward movement of hot buoyant mantle and the downward pull of cold oceanic lithosphere
		Swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core

2 points   

Question 5

1. You are dropped off by helicopter at a site on the land. You are told that it is a plate boundary. Almost immediately, you feel a weak earthquake. You look around and note the absence of volcanoes, but you notice an offset stream channel, and find a vertical fault with two kinds of rock on either side of it. What sort of plate boundary are you most likely on?

		Divergent
		Convergent
		Transform
		Plate interior (hot spot)

2 points   

Question 6

1. Match the term with the definition

Lithosphere                                                                                                           Asthenosphere                                                                                                           Convergent                                                                                                           Divergent                                                                                                           Transform                                                                                                           Volcanic island arc                                                                                                           Partial melting                                                                                                           Convection

A. Boundary where two plates move away from one another B. Rising of warm material due to lower density C. Boundary where two plates move towards one another D. The downward movement of sediments and oceanic crust at subduction zones, which generates molten material E. The "weak layer" within the mantle. Motion here is thought to help drive plate tectonics F. The growth of volcanoes from the ocean floor due to oceanic-oceanic convergence G. Boundary where two plates slide past one another H. The subduction of denser lithosphere beneath more buoyant continental crust I. The crust and the stiff upper mantle combined; this is broken into plates

8 points   

Question 7

1. Match the term with the definition

Deformation                                                                                                           Fault scarp                                                                                                           Fault                                                                                                           Hypocenter                                                                                                           Epicenter                                                                                                           Anticline                                                                                                           Syncline                                                                                                           Dome

A. Changes in rock shape due to stresses that exceed the strength of the rock B. The spot on Earth's surface directly above a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake C. Long, low cliffs produced at Earth's surface where a fault's vertical offset is exposed D. The folding of rock due to overlying pressure E. A broad upwarped feature that is roughly circular or oval-shaped when viewed from above F. The fracture along which blocks of rock move relative to each other G. The spot along a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake H. A fold that is highest in the middle I. A fold that is lowest in the middle

8 points   

Question 8

1. Put the breakup of Pangaea in order, from oldest to most recent.

                                                               

Baja, California separates from Mexico

                                                               

Pangea intact

                                                               

India collides with Eurasia to form the Himalayas

                                                               

The separation of North America and Africa

                                                               

Southeast Asia joins with Eurasia

                                                               

The separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica

Question 9

1. What is a hot spot? Explain how this forms a volcanic island chain such as that of the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 10

1. Briefly describe what happens at a subduction zone

Question 11

1. Explain how an accretionary wedge forms

Question 12

1. What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? What additional evidence was added later (post-World War II) as oceanographers began to explore the ocean floor? How do these two ideas unite to form the theory of plate tectonics?  Your response should be at least 200 words in length.