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INTJ

Introverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging

To outsiders, INTJs may appear to project an aura of "definiteness", of self-confidence. This self-confidence, sometimes mistaken for simple arrogance by the less decisive, is actually of a very specific rather than a general nature; its source lies in the specialized knowledge systems that most INTJs start building at an early age. When it comes to their own areas of expertise -- and INTJs can have several -- they will be able to tell you almost immediately whether or not they can help you, and if so, how. INTJs know what they know, and perhaps still more importantly, they know what they don't know.

INTJs are perfectionists, with a seemingly endless capacity for improving upon anything that takes their interest. What prevents them from becoming chronically bogged down in this pursuit of perfection is the pragmatism so characteristic of the type: INTJs apply (often ruthlessly) the criterion "Does it work?" to everything from their own research efforts to the prevailing social norms. This in turn produces an unusual independence of mind, freeing the INTJ from the constraints of authority, convention, or sentiment for its own sake.

INTJs are known as the "Systems Builders" of the types, perhaps in part because they possess the unusual trait combination of imagination and reliability. Whatever system an INTJ happens to be working on is for them the equivalent of a moral cause to an INFJ; both perfectionism and disregard for authority may come into play, as INTJs can be unsparing of both themselves and the others on the project. Anyone considered to be "slacking," including superiors, will lose their respect -- and will generally be made aware of this; INTJs have also been known to take it upon themselves to implement critical decisions without consulting their supervisors or co-workers. On the other hand, they do tend to be scrupulous and even-handed about recognizing the individual contributions that have gone into a project, and have a gift for seizing opportunities which others might not even notice.

In the broadest terms, what INTJs "do" tends to be what they "know". Typical INTJ career choices are in the sciences and engineering, but they can be found wherever a combination of intellect and incisiveness are required (e.g., law, some areas of academia). INTJs can rise to management positions when they are willing to invest time in marketing their abilities as well as enhancing them, and (whether for the sake of ambition or the desire for privacy) many also find it useful to learn to simulate some degree of surface conformism in order to mask their inherent unconventionality.

Personal relationships, particularly romantic ones, can be the INTJ's Achilles heel. While they are capable of caring deeply for others (usually a select few), and are willing to spend a great deal of time and effort on a relationship, the knowledge and self-confidence that make them so successful in other areas can suddenly abandon or mislead them in interpersonal situations.

This happens in part because many INTJs do not readily grasp the social rituals; for instance, they tend to have little patience and less understanding of such things as small talk and flirtation (which most types consider half the fun of a relationship). To complicate matters, INTJs are usually extremely private people, and can often be naturally impassive as well, which makes them easy to misread and misunderstand. Perhaps the most fundamental problem, however, is that INTJs really want people to make sense. :-) This sometimes results in a peculiar naivete', paralleling that of many Fs -- only instead of expecting inexhaustible affection and empathy from a romantic relationship, the INTJ will expect inexhaustible reasonability and directness.

Probably the strongest INTJ assets in the interpersonal area are their intuitive abilities and their willingness to "work at" a relationship. Although as Ts they do not always have the kind of natural empathy that many Fs do, the Intuitive function can often act as a good substitute by synthesizing the probable meanings behind such things as tone of voice, turn of phrase, and facial expression. This ability can then be honed and directed by consistent, repeated efforts to understand and support those they care about, and those relationships which ultimately do become established with an INTJ tend to be characterized by their robustness, stability, and good communications.

(INTJ stands for Introvert, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging and represents individual's preferences in four dimensions characterising personality type, according to Jung's and Briggs Myers' theories of personality type.)

INTJ Career Choices

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(38%) Thinking(3%) Judging(9%)

Generally, INTJs have successful careers in areas requiring intensive intellectual efforts, presenting intellectual challenge, and creative approach. Due to the characteristics mentioned above, successful INTJs are found in technological companies, particularly in research and development, and also found among corporate lawyers, high- and mid-rank managers in technology companies and financial institutions.

Jung Career Indicator™ determines occupations and areas in which people of your type find themselves most fulfilled and content, are most successful, and likely are most represented in. The following table factors in the expressivenes of each of the four characteristics of personality type. It lists the most suitable areas of occupation, from personality type standpoint, along with some examples of educational institutions, where you can receive a relevant degree or training. The most preferable areas appear first. Click occupation names and school logos to request program information.

Your Type Preferences

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(38%) Thinking(3%) Judging(9%)

Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: INTJ and INFJ.

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Education Tips

· Education is a huge investment of time and money so be ready to ask a lot of questions of any college or university you are considering. Therefore, create a list of questions and take notes as you get your answers while talking to an enrolment advisor or when signing up and requesting information.

· Be wary of any school that is unable to or refuses to answer any of your questions. A degree is a long-term commitment and choosing a college or university that understands and can meet your needs should be one of your top priorities.

· Sign up and request information from several schools so that you can compare and, if possible, negotiate more favourable conditions.

· There is no such thing as the "perfect" college or university. Stay open minded and realize that any number of schools may be a good fit for you and provide you with the degree and student services that you need.

Important aspects you should pay attention to include:

· School’s accreditation

· Financial aid offered

· Tuition and fees. What’s included and what isn’t. Payment plans.

· Student services available

· Instructors’ credentials

· How tests are administered

· Time required to complete the program

· How long the program has been offered and how many students have enrolled

· Key dates

· Any requirements or pre-requisites

INTJ Learning Style

How INTJs acquire, memorize and recollect information

In INTJs, interest in learning a subject revolves around finding the answer to the question, “Why is this so?” The clearer and deeper the answer this type receives during the learning process, the greater their interest in the topic, and the greater their desire to delve deeper into the subject.

Their desire to study something is driven by a search for ideas that can answer not only fundamental questions, but also practical questions of popular interest.

INTJs are easily receptive to difficult material when it is presented in conceptual form and new information follows logically from that given before. A moderate pace is best when delivering material, because INTJs spend time forming and retaining theoretical connections between different pieces of information.

INTJs connect the information they receive to a unifying theoretical basis. They can retain knowledge remembered in this way for decades. INTJs are also capable of mechanical memorization, although the amount thus retained is substantially lower than from memory based on a generalized understanding of the material. Repeatedly presenting the same material helps INTJs remember it, but presenting it from different points of view and using various examples is even more effective.

INTJ’s are able to accurately reproduce received information, especially if it is mentally organized in a conceptual way. Mechanical reproduction is substantially less accurate, which is usually linked to this type’s relative weakness when it comes to remembering material with poor logical flow. On top of this, they are capable of highly accurate recollection of visual information that lacks logical flow, if it was received under intensely focused attention. For example, INTJs can reproduce many details of the rapidly changing scenery when driving in a car. This seems to be related to the fact that they are shutting off the reflection process when taking in the information.

INTJs learn best when teaching is systematic (e.g., an organized degree or certification program) and intensive. However, they are also able to learn material from sources not unified by a single formal learning process (e.g., individual courses or readings). Independent work with the material being studied is valuable to their learning. The difficulty of the material only increases an INTJ’s drive to understand it, and INTJs are capable of learning material on their own. Visual aids help them learn, but are not very important for their overall assimilation of a topic.

INTJs are good at actively working with material they understand and receive great satisfaction from it. They are able to apply it in concrete tasks or develop it and expand on it in an assigned direction.

INTJs have a high tolerance to high levels of learning related stress. However, they prefer to evenly distribute their efforts when learning new material, rather than resorting to last-minute cramming

INTJ Communication Skills

INTJs try to figure out how the world around them is structured and what can be changed in it. They feel the best when they have figured something out and know how to improve it.

INTJs are comfortable carrying out a conversation. They are neither arrogant nor are they formal, but might refrain from becoming quick acquaintances. They can come up against difficulties in situations requiring finer soft skills when communicating, such as being very tactful or particularly patient. On the whole, INTJs respect the established rules of communications although at times they may see them as a formality or a relic of tradition.

INTJs may find it difficult to express themselves about the finer feelings of the soul: the topics of love or lyric poetry can fail to elicit a strong emotional response in them.

In communication INTJs usually come across as well thought out and to the point. Despite their introversive attitude, when they have something they find profoundly interesting, like an idea or project of some sort, their enthusiasm about it may become quite “contagious” and can spread to those around them.

At times, INTJs seem somewhat closed and distant in communication. But it is during this time that they are revising their views and conceptions, and/or are involved in forming new ones. Those who can guess the reasons for their apparent detachedness can easily engage INTJs in conversation my making some critical comment regarding the concepts INTJs have deduced. In these situations INTJs can quite often become wordy and very talkative.

An INTJ’s social contacts are, as a rule, low in number and mostly limited to his or her circle of relatives, friends, colleagues and others of a like mind.

That being said, INTJs can have quite a few business contacts, because many people find it interesting or important to get an INTJ’s in-depth expert opinion, which they can offer on many serious issues. Their business communication usually includes exchange of points of view, ideas, discussing organizational methods and solutions.

Your Type Preferences

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(38%) Thinking(3%) Judging(9%)

Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: INTJ and INFJ.

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INTJ: Strategies for Successful Communication

INTJs easily find common ground with people of the same mindset, or to put it differently, with people that also belong to the intuitive/thinking group (NT) that includes ENTJ, INTJ, ENTP, and INTP personality types. As a rule, people in this group have roughly the same way of seeing the world, and therefore INTJs easily share their views with other NTs and at the same time are disposed toward comprehending other NT’s reasoning or views.

For effective communication with people in the sensory/thinking group (ST) including ESTJ, ISTJ, ESTP and ISTP personality types, INTJs should mostly keep to communication based upon facts and the consequences directly proceeding from them. INTJs can adapt to this type of communication, despite the fact that it may seem somewhat dry to them. And for people in the ST group, on the other hand, this style of communication is very suited to their way of thinking, so they should absorb it well.

For effective communication with people in the intuitive/feeling group (NF) including ENFJ, INFJ, ENFP, and INFP personality types, INTJs should mostly keep to communication based on ideas, concepts and theories. Communication between INTJs and representatives of this group often touches multiple aspects of the discussion and is beneficial to both sides. That said, sometimes they might find it difficult to bring these discussions to practical steps that both parties agree upon. This happens because a significant proportion of representatives of the NF group judge a situation primarily based on their feelings, whereas INTJs try to keep to the most objective, impartial view as possible, regarding the same situation. Because of this, differences can arise in their opinions on what course of action to take.

INTJs face the greatest difficulty communicating with representatives of the sensory/feeling group (SF) including ESFJ, ISFJ, ESFP, and ISFP personality types. When communicating with people from this group, it is best for INTJs to keep to communication based upon feelings, facts, and concrete sensations. The problem, however, lies in the fact that INTJs find it difficult to maintain a dialogue in this fashion. They end up having to strain in order to put it in the form that representatives of the SF group can understand, which can often lead to INTJs trying to wrap up the conversation, or causes irritation at the failure of the other side to “get it”. In order to ensure a level of communication that is acceptable to both sides, INTJs should prepare themselves beforehand to a communication style that suits SF people.

 How to determine which personality type group another person belongs to?

What helps successful communication for an INTJ:

· Enough time to ponder the discussion topic

· The possibility of taking a break during the conversation (see the previous bullet)

· Conceptual nature of the conversation (strategic vs. being focused on details)

· The topic calls for finding unobvious solutions/hidden possibilities

· The topic requires clear understanding of perspective and how events can unfold

· The topic calls for creativity

· Communication with people from the NT or NF groups

What hinders successful communication for an INTJ:

· Fast-paced communication with poor logical flow

· The conversation is of a purely practical nature

· The conversation involves the finer feelings of the soul (love, sorrow) for too long

· Communication with people from the SF group for too long

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Famous INTJs

Introverted iNtuitive Thinking Judging

Susan B. Anthony Lance Armstrong Arthur Ashe, tennis champion Augustus Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice) Dan Aykroyd (The Blues Brothers) William J. Bennett, "drug czar" William F. Buckley, Jr. Raymond Burr (Perry Mason, Ironsides) Chevy Chase (Cornelius Crane) (Fletch) Katie Couric Phil Donahue Michael Dukakis, governor of Mass., 1988 U.S. Dem. pres. candidate Richard Gere (Pretty Woman) Rudy Giuliani, former New York City mayor Greg Gumbel, television sportscaster Hannibal, Carthaginian military leader Emily Bronte, author of Wuthering Heights Angela Lansbury (Murder, She Wrote) Orel Leonard Hershiser, IV Peter Jennings Charles Everett Koop Ivan Lendl C. S. Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) Joan Lunden Edwin Moses, U.S. olympian (hurdles) Martina Navratilova Michelle Obama General Colin Powell, former US Secretary of State Charles Rangel, US Representative, D-N.Y. Pernell Roberts (Bonanza) Donald Rumsfeld, former US Secretary of Defense  Hillary Clinton, US Secretary of State Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor of California Josephine Tey (Elizabeth Mackintosh), mystery writer (Brat Farrar) U.S. Presidents:

· Chester A. Arthur

· Calvin Coolidge

· Thomas Jefferson

· John F. Kennedy

· James K. Polk

· Woodrow Wilson

Fictional INTJs:

Cassius (Julius Caesar) Mr. Darcy (Pride and Prejudice) Gandalf the Grey (J. R. R. Tolkein's Middle Earth books) Hannibal Lecter (Silence of the Lambs) Professor Moriarty, Sherlock Holmes' nemesis Horatio Hornblower Ensign Ro (Star Trek--the Next Generation) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (Hamlet) George Smiley, John le Carre's master spy Clarice Starling (Silence of the Lambs)

Typology of Westeros: personality types of the characters from A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy novel series (you may have seen its Game of Thrones TV adaptation).

Personality Type Explained

According to Carl G. Jung's theory of psychological types [Jung, 1971], people can be characterized by their preference of general attitude:

· Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I),

their preference of one of the two functions of perception:

· Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N),

and their preference of one of the two functions of judging:

· Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)

The three areas of preferences introduced by Jung are dichotomies (i.e. bipolar dimensions where each pole represents a different preference). Jung also proposed that in a person one of the four functions above is dominant – either a function of perception or a function of judging. Isabel Briggs Myers, a researcher and practitioner of Jung’s theory, proposed to see the judging-perceiving relationship as a fourth dichotomy influencing personality type [Briggs Myers, 1980]:

· Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)

The first criterion, Extraversion – Introversion, signifies the source and direction of a person’s energy expression. An extravert’s source and direction of energy expression is mainly in the external world, while an introvert has a source of energy mainly in their own internal world.

The second criterion, Sensing – Intuition, represents the method by which someone perceives information. Sensing means that a person mainly believes information he or she receives directly from the external world. Intuition means that a person believes mainly information he or she receives from the internal or imaginative world.

The third criterion, Thinking – Feeling, represents how a person processes information. Thinking means that a person makes a decision mainly through logic. Feeling means that, as a rule, he or she makes a decision based on emotion, i.e. based on what they feel they should do.

The fourth criterion, Judging – Perceiving, reflects how a person implements the information he or she has processed. Judging means that a person organizes all of his life events and, as a rule, sticks to his plans. Perceiving means that he or she is inclined to improvise and explore alternative options.

All possible permutations of preferences in the 4 dichotomies above yield 16 different combinations, orpersonality types, representing which of the two poles in each of the four dichotomies dominates in a person, thus defining 16 different personality types. Each personality type can be assigned a 4 letter acronym of corresponding combination of preferences:

The first letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the first letter of the preference of general attitude - “E” for extraversion and “I” for introversion.

The second letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to the preference within the sensing-intuition dimension: “S” stands for sensing and “N” stands for intuition.

The third letter in the personality type acronym corresponds to preference within the thinking-feeling pair: “T” stands for thinking and “F” stands for feeling.

The forth letter in the personality type acronym corresponds a person’s preference within the judging-perceiving pair: “J” for judging and “P” for perception.

For example:

· ISTJ stands for Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging

· ENFP stands for Extraverted, iNtuitive, Feeling, Perceiving

Your Type Preferences

Introvert(6%) iNtuitive(38%) Thinking(3%) Judging(9%)

Because you appear to have marginal or no (3%) preference of Thinking over Feeling, characteristics of more than one personality type may apply to you: INTJ and INFJ.

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What do percentages next to the personality type words or letters mean?

Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test™ (JTT™) and Jung Typology Profiler for Workplace™ (JTPW™) instrument determine the expressiveness of each of the four personality type dimensions (Extraversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, and Judging vs. Perceiving.

In JTT™ and JTPW™, the scales of these four dimensions represent a continuum between two opposite poles, from 100 at one pole to 100 at another pole. I.e. Extravert-Introvert dimension is a continuum from 100 on Extraversion (i.e.  respondent is a 100% extravert) to 100 on Introversion (i.e.  respondent is a 100% introvert). In other words the scale is 200 units long:

Extravert [100% - - - 0% - - - 100%] Introvert

People may reveal features of both poles but typically have a preference of one way over the other. The letter indicates the preference and the percentage indicates the extent of it.

The E-I score of 0% means the respondent is at the borderline between being an extravert and an introvert. Having Extraversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% - means being 20% more slanted toward Extraversion over Introversion. Having Introversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% - means being 20% more slanted toward Introversion over Extraversion.

The same pertains to the S-N, T-F, and J-P dichotomies.

The Basics of Jung's Typology

Jung called Extraversion-Introversion preference general attitude, since it reflects an individual’s attitude toward the external world distinguished by the “direction of general interest” [Jung, 1971]: the extravert maintains affinity for, and sources energy from the outer world, whereas the introvert is the other way around – their general interest is directed toward their inner world, which is the source of their energy.

As mentioned above, Jung introduced a pair of judging functions - thinking and feeling - and a pair of perception functions – sensing (or “sensation”), and intuition.

Sensing-Intuition preference represents the method by which one perceives information:Sensing means an individual mainly relies on concrete, actual information - “in so far as objects release sensations, they matter” [1], whereas Intuition means a person relies upon their conception about things based on their understanding of the world. Thinking-Feeling preference indicates the way an individual processes information. Thinking preference means an individual makes decisions based on logical reasoning, and is less affected by feelings and emotions. Feeling preference means that an individual's base for decisions is mainly feelings and emotions.

Jung introduced the idea of hierarchy and direction of psychological functions. According to Jung, one of the psychological functions - a function from either judging or perception pair – would be primary (also calleddominant). In other words, one pole of the poles of the two dichotomies (Sensing-Feeling and Thinking-Feeling) dominates over the rest of the poles. The Extraversion-Introversion preference sets the direction of the dominant function: the direction points to the source of energy that feeds it – i.e. to the outer world for extraverts and to the inner world for introverts.

Jung suggested that a function from the other pair would be secondary (also called auxiliary) but still be “a determining factor” [Jung, 1971]. I.e. if Intuition is dominant, then the auxiliary one is either Thinking or Feeling. If Sensing is dominant, then the auxiliary one can also be either Thinking or Feeling. However, if Thinking is dominant, then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or Intuition, and if Feeling is dominant then the auxiliary one is either Sensing or Intuition. In other words, the auxiliary function never belongs to the same dichotomy.

Jung called feeling and thinking types “rational” because they are characterized by the dominance of judging functions that provide reasoning rationale (be it thinking or feeling). “Rational” or Judging preference results in thinking, feelings, response and behaviour that consciously operate in line with certain rules, principles or norms. People with dominant "rational" or judging preference perceive the world as an ordered structure that follows a set of rules.

He called sensing and intuitive types “irrational” because they are characterized by dominance of the functions of perception (either sensing or intuition), and therefore their “commissions and omissions are based not upon reasoned judgment but upon the absolute intensity of perception” [Jung, 1971]. “Irrational” or Perceiving preference operates with opportunities, i.e. with a range of possible outcomes that result from assumed premises or from sensations, mostly driven by the unconscious processes. People with dominant "irrational" or Perceiving preference thinking see the world as a structure that can take various forms and outcomes. It is possible to determine, either by observation or by asking certain questions, preference of Judging vs. Perceiving and the strength thereof in a person.

References

1. Jung, C. G. (1971). Psychological types (Collected works of C. G. Jung, volume 6, Chapter X)

2. Briggs Myers, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type