due 6 pm today eastern time . WED DEC 14.

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ethics_and_plagiarism_1.pptx

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Ethics and Plagiarism

Brian Williams Faces ‘Fact-Checking’ Inquiry at NBC

http://mobile.nytimes.com/2015/02/07/business/media/brian-williams-helicopter-incident-in-iraq.html?referrer=&_ r=0

Business Ethics

Ethics: are the accepted principles of conduct that govern behavior within a society. Put another way, ethical principles define the boundary between right and wrong.

Business Ethics: are the principles and standards that determine acceptable behavior in business and is determined by customers, competitors, government regulators, interest groups, and the public, as well as each individual’s personal moral principles and values.

Business Ethics

GM recalls another 2.6 million vehicles,

doubles second-quarter charge

BY BEN KLAYMAN

DETROIT Tue May 20, 2014 2:31pm EDT

(Reuters) - General Motors Co said on Tuesday it is recalling

another 2.6 million vehicles globally, raising the number of

vehicles it has recalled so far this year to almost 15.4 million.

http ://www.cbsnews.com/news/gm-recall-scathing-report-says-regulators-missed-chance-to-correct-faulty-switch-issue /

BP Shortcuts Led to Gulf Oil Spill,

Report Says

By JOHN M. BRODER

Published: September 14, 2011

“The study goes further than previous reports, citing seven violations of federal regulations as factors. Among them were violations of laws that required BP and its contractors to operate in a safe manner, to take measures to contain oil and gas for the protection of health and the environment, to conduct reliable tests of well pressures and to notify federal regulators of changes in drilling plans.”

Business Ethics

examples

Workplace

Ethical

Behavior

Code of Ethics

Ethics Audits

Ethics Training

Whistleblowers

Employees who observe unethical or illegal behavior within their companies and are unable to resolve the problems through normal channels often have no choice but to resort to whistleblowing–expressing their concerns through company ethics hotlines or even going to the news media outlet if they perceive no other options.

By Lindsey Boerma/CBS News/ August 12, 2013, 6:00 AM

Edward Snowden: Traitor, whistleblower or defector?

Federal prosecutors have filed three criminal complaints against Edward Snowden - two of which were brought under the Espionage Act - for leaking information in May about top-secret National Security Agency programs designed to track potential terrorist activity by culling metadata from U.S. citizens.

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-250_162-57598041/edward-snowden-traitor-whistleblower-or-defector/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/crime/dc-jury-sides-with-police-chief-lanier-in-whistleblower-lawsuit/2015/02/11/1907bc72-b209-11e4-827f-93f454140e2b_story.html

Photo Source: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/feb/6/judge-rules-against-lanier-contradictory-defense/

DC Police Chief Lanier testifies in DC whistleblower case

Personal Ethics

CEO: Steve Madden Company: Steve Madden Nature of scandal: The shoe company founder got involved with stock fraud and money laundering. Ramification: In 2001, he pleaded guilty to securities fraud and money laundering and resigned from his CEO post. He began jail time in 2002. He was released in 2005 and returned to his company to continue working in a design and creative-focused role.

CEOs: Ken Lay (pictured above) and Jeffrey Skilling Company: Enron Nature of scandal: The energy company collapsed into bankruptcy in 2001 under the weight of years of illicit business deals and accounting tricks. Ramification: Skilling is serving a 24-year prison sentence, although he is awaiting resentencing after the Supreme Court said one of his convictions was flawed when it sharply curtailed the use of the "honest services" fraud.

http://mediagallery.usatoday.com/CEOs+caught+up+in+scandals+and+ethical+lapses/G3870

Ethical dilemma – situation that involves making a choice when the alternatives aren’t completely wrong or completely right.

Ethical lapse – a clearly unethical choice.

Ethical Dilemma

Ethical Lapse

Conflicting Loyalties/Tradeoffs

Illegal/Unethical Choices

Ethical Communication

Chapter 1 - 10

Financial Reporting

Transparency

(FTC)

Employment

(discrimination)

Ethical Communication

Financial reporting – finance and accounting professionals who work for publicly traded companies must adhere to rigorous reporting laws.

Transparency – giving all participants in a conversation access to the information they need to accurately process the messages they are receiving.

Employment -

Chapter 1 - 11

Defamation

Intellectual Property

Promotions and Contracts

Ethical Communication

Promotions and Contracts – laws address issues such as product reviews by bloggers, false and deceptive advertising, misleading or inaccurate product labels, and bait and switch tactics.

Intellectual Property – assets including patents, copyrighted materials, trade secrets, and even Internet domain names.

Defamation – the intentional communication of false statements that damage character or reputation.

“Simply sprinkle Sensa on, eat all the foods you love and watch the pounds come off.”

Generated more than $350 million in business for Sensa over a four-year period.

Sensa has agreed to refund $26.5 million to customers and has been ordered by the FTC to back up any assertions that the product actually work.

Luxury bath product company L’Occitane was also targeted by the FTC for claiming that its Almond Beautiful Shape and Almond Shaping Delight skin creams have body-slimming capabilities and are clinically proven.

L’Occitane has agreed to refund customers $450,000 as part of the settlement.

http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/health/2014/01/08/sensa-loccitane-settle-deceptive-weight-loss-claims/

http://usa.loccitane.com

http://start.trysensa.com

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) fined four companies using false advertising to sell weight-loss/body slimming products

Unethical Communication

Chapter 1 - 14

Omitting Information

Misrepresenting

Numbers

Privacy

and Security

Plagiarism

Selective Misquoting

Distorting Visuals

Unethical Communication

Distorting Visuals

California agency under fire for faked fat-girl photo: A state anti-soda ad used an altered image of the child to make her look obese. One critic calls it a 'public hate message.‘ By Aimee Picchi

A new anti-soda advertising campaign from a California agency is coming under fire for tweaking the image of a little girl to make her appear obese, in what some are calling a "creepy" Photoshop misstep.

http://money.msn.com/keyword.aspx?author=x5c74f550c6fc23e2d85f4e9364575f975dd44022638809c6

Manipulating Data

Stem cell scientist Haruko Obokata found guilty of misconduct Committee in Japan says it found evidence of falsification and fabrication – offences that constitute research misconduct

The Guardian, Tuesday 1 April 2014

The growing storm over Obokata's research prompted Riken to launch an investigation into her work. At a press conference in Japan on Tuesday, the committee said it had found evidence of falsification and fabrication – offences that constitute research misconduct. One image of DNA was spliced together from two others. "The manipulation was used to improve the appearance of the results," said the head of the committee, Shunsuke Ishii. Obokata counters that she only wanted to make the image clearer, and that it had no bearing on the results. A second offence involved reusing data apparently from her doctoral thesis.

http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/01/stem-cell-scientist-haruko-obokata-guilty-misconduct-committee

Haruko Obokata speaking about her research results on so-called Stap (stimulus-triggered activation of pluripotency) cells. Photograph: AP

Plagiarism [Copyright]

Students catch school superintendent plagiarizing part of commencement speech

By Valerie Strauss July 26

The usual pattern for the detection of plagiarism is for an adult to catch a student copying from someone else’s work. But in Newton, Mass., it was two new high school graduates who discovered that the school district superintendent who spoke at their graduation had “borrowed” phrases from a commencement speech that Massachusetts Gov. Deval L. Patrick had just given.

In a June 23 special edition of Newton South High School’s student newspaper, The Lion’s Roar, newly graduated Jordan Cohen-Kaplan and Kylie Walters accused Superintendent David Fleishman of lifting phrases for his commencement speech from one Patrick had just given at Boston University, where Cohen-Kaplan had been in attendance. In a story titled: “Roar questions originality of Superintendent Fleischman’s commencement speech,” they laid out their evidence and wrote:

“It is disappointing and disillusioning to imagine that we can not expect the best from the highest ranking Newton public schools official especially on a widely-attended day designed to celebrate student achievement and serve as an educational capstone.”

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/07/26/students-catch-school-superintendent-plagiarizing-part-of-commencement-speech/

Newton Superintendent David Fleishman (www.newton.k12.ma.us)

When to Cite Sources

“Common Knowledge” (no citing)

Well-established facts; verifiable in five sources

Historical dates, places, and events

Common sayings and proverbs; no author

“Unique Phrases” (must cite)

Coined by an individual or organization

Tends to describe a theory, process, or finding in a particular field or industry

Avoiding Plagiarism

In an academic setting, all sources must be cited, with the exception of information that is considered common knowledge

This is information that no one “owns”

To determine if there is an “owner” of an expression that you think is a proverb, a Google search is recommended. Some expressions may have roots in literature that you didn't know about, and therefore have an author.

What is APA Style?

Format for citing sources in the social sciences

Similar to MLA, but some style differences

Uses author-date citation in-text citation system and a reference list

Requires in-text citation each time source is used

Requires all sources used to be included in reference list

Avoiding Plagiarism

Sources need to be cited in APA style for SOM 301

A thorough and free citation guide can be found at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01

Examples of APA Author-Date Citation:

According to Smith (2009), the short-lived download service called Urge, created by Microsoft and MTV, was unsuccessful because it could not be used with iPods.

The short-lived download service called Urge, created by Microsoft and MTV, was unsuccessful because it could not be used with iPods (Smith, 2009).

In 2009, Smith claimed that the short-lived download service called Urge, created by Microsoft and MTV, was unsuccessful because it could not be used with iPods.

Avoiding Plagiarism

APA requires a reference to the source either in signal phrase or in parenthetical citation when paraphrasing.

PLEASE NOTE: though a parenthetical citation is not required by APA if you use a lead-in (signal phrase ) when paraphrasing , it is encouraged by APA.

HOWEVER, in SOM 301, a lead-in (signal phrase) and a parenthetical citation containing the page number are REQUIRED. This is to ensure that you are citing all of your sources and avoiding unintentional plagiarism.

See slide titled, “'Citation Sandwich' REQUIRED for ALL Research in SOM 301” for more information

Examples of APA Author-Date Citation:Quoting

According to Smith (2009), “Urge was a great disappointment to its Microsoft and MTV creators, though this could have been avoided if the download service had been made to be compatible with the iPod. Instead, the service quickly folded” (p. 26).

It is suggested that “Urge was a great disappointment to its Microsoft and MTV creators, though this could have been avoided if the download service had been made to be compatible with the iPod. Instead, the service quickly folded” (Smith, 2009, p. 26).

Avoiding Plagiarism

APA requires a parenthetical citation when quoting regardless of whether you use a signal phrase to introduce author

“Citation Sandwich” REQUIRED for ALL Research in SOM 301

Lead-in signal phrase, then research, then parenthetical citation at end of research.

Bread of “sandwich” is the lead-in signal phrase and in-text citation.

According to Smith (2009), the short-lived download service called Urge, created by Microsoft and MTV, was unsuccessful because it could not be used with iPods (p. 26).

Ensures you are showing reader where your research begins and ends (and avoiding point loss)

Makes it clear which ideas are yours and which belong to someone else

Avoiding Plagiarism

Using this approach will be your best bet for avoiding plagiarism

Using this approach will be your best bet for avoiding confusion

By including a lead-in signal phrase AND a parenthetical citation, you have your research in one, neat bundle

Understanding Plagiarism

Do not steal ideas

Do not steal writing style

Avoiding Plagiarism

Keep both of these rules in mind to ensure that you are giving proper credit at all times

Example of Reference

Works Cited = MLA

Reference List = APA

Smith, R.P. (2009). iPod Establishes Standards for Industry. Technology Today, 11, 26.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Giving credit to source also requires providing full reference information at end of document

In MLA, you used a Works Cited

In APA, you use a Reference List

This is where you provide full publication information

Exact Copy

With Acknowledgment

According to de Janasz, Down, and Schneider (2008),

teaming is more than a phase or a buzzword. If it didn’t

work, organizations would abandon this strategy for

getting work done. There is much evidence that teams

can be effective, especially when tasks are complex and

task interdependence is high (p. 54).

Avoiding Plagiarism

This is plagiarism.

Most common form of plagiarism seen in SOM 301

Even though credit has been given through the use of signal phrase and page number, this is still a word for word copy

A word for word copy is only appropriate if it is shown to be a quotation

This means that idea is not stolen, but writing style is

Quote with Acknowledgement

According to de Janasz, Down, and Schneider (2008),

“teaming is more than a phase or a buzzword. If it didn’t

work, organizations would abandon this strategy for getting

work done. There is much evidence that teams can be

effective, especially when tasks are complex and task

task interdependence is high” (p. 54).

Avoiding Plagiarism

Just by adding quotation marks, this is no longer plagiarism

Exact Copy

Without Acknowledgment

Teaming is more than a phase or a buzzword. If it

didn’t work, organizations would abandon this

strategy for getting work done. There is much

evidence that teams can be effective, especially when

tasks are complex and task interdependence is high.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Most people immediately recognize this as plagiarism.

Plagiarism in two ways:

No credit is given to the source this passage is from

It is copied word for word

This means that the idea AND the writing style are stolen

Student's paper:

“There is much evidence that teams can be effective, especially when tasks are complex and task interdependence is high.”

Student's reference list:

de Janasz, S., Down, K.O., & Schneider, B.Z. (2008). Interpersonal Skills in Organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Avoiding Plagiarism

No Acknowledgment in Paper, but included on Reference List

If you use an idea in your paper that you took from somewhere else, you must cite it.

If a source is cited in your reference list and not cited internally, you have plagiarized.

Go to the following site and complete the tutorial:

http://www.indiana.edu/~tedfrick/plagiarism/item1.html

Plagiarism Tutorial

Studying these slides, your class notes, and this tutorial is the best way to prepare for the plagiarism quiz! NOTE: the examples on the tutorial are not necessarily in APA format. Look at the examples to determine if credit has been given appropriately, not whether it is the correct style.