American Government Final Project (MATHGUY18 ONLY)

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Chapter 18

18-3

The Structure of State Government  The state constitutions

 State power in a federal system

 More detailed, less flexible than U.S. Constitution

 Branches of government

 The executive branch

 The legislative branch

 The judicial branch

18-4

The Structure of State Government  Citizen politics: elections, parties, and interest groups

 Greater voter influence versus federal elections

 Initiative; referendum; recall

 Election participation

 Party competition

 Group competition

18-6

The Structure of Local Government  Types of local government

 County government

 Municipal government

 Strong mayor–council system

 Weak mayor–council system

 Commission system

 City manager system

18-8

The Structure of Local Government  Types of local government

 Towns and townships

 School districts

 Special districts

 Metropolitan government

 Form of local government created when local governments join

together to reduce waste and duplications of services in densely

populated areas

18-9

The Structure of Local Government  Local elections and participation

 Nonpartisan elections

 Subject to state registration laws

 Occur in non-presidential election years

 Lower voter turnout

18-10

State and Local Finance  Constraints on revenue

 Competition with other states and localities

 Limited ability to borrow money

 Sources of state revenue

 Income taxes

 Sales tax

 Federal grants

 License and users fees

 Lotteries and gambling

 Severance taxes

18-12

State and Local Finance  Sources of local revenue

 Three-fourths revenue from property taxes

 Trend toward greater use of sales tax

18-14

State and Local Policy  Policy priorities

 Top spending category is health care

 Other three major areas of spending are:

 Public education

 Public welfare

 Transportation

18-17

State and Local Policy  Public policy patterns

 Education

 Welfare assistance

 Health care

 Highways

 Police and prisons

 Homeland security

 The environment

 Civil rights and liberties

18-18

The Great Balancing Act:

Localism in a Large Nation  Each state is different and has different needs

 Each state is alike enough to triumph as a national union

 Our constitutional system works because it is adaptable