American Government Final Project (MATHGUY18 ONLY)

Chapter 17

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17-2

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The cold war era and its lessons

 Containment

 Vietnam

 Bipolar (power structure)

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17-3

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The post-cold war era and its lessons

 The air wars of the 1990s

 Multilateralism approach

 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War 1990

 Serbian aggression and war in the Balkans

 Bosnia 1995

 “Ethnic cleansing” in Kosovo 1999

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17-4

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The post-cold war era and its lessons

 The war on terrorism

 9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks

 Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban

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17-5

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The post-cold war era and its lessons

 The Iraq War

 George W. Bush announces new preemptive war doctrine

 Rationale for war: suspected weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

 Strong international objection to military action

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17-6

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The post-cold war era and its lessons

 The Iraq War (continued)

 Postwar Iraq very unstable, making reconstruction difficult

 Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond on

other fronts

 Waning public support and the “surge”

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17-7

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The post-cold war era and its lessons

 The Afghanistan escalation and Pakistan

 Taliban slowly reasserting control

 Pakistan used as a safe haven for Taliban

 Afghan surge

 Analysts and the Pakistani security concern

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17-8

The Roots of U.S. Foreign

and Defense Policy  The Arab Spring and the Iranian nuclear threat

 Unrest and protest in Tunisia spreads to Egypt and to nearly

every Arab country

 U.S. caught off guard by the scale of the uprisings

 U.S. and NATO military intervention in Libya

 U.S. diplomatic sanctions against Syria

 UN-backed economic sanctions on Iran because of its

nuclear program

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17-9© 2013, McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved.

17-10

The Military Dimension of

National Security Policy  Military power, uses, and capabilities

 Nuclear war

 Deterrence policy

 Mutually assured destruction (MAD)

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17-11

The Military Dimension of

National Security Policy  Military power, uses, and capabilities

 Conventional war

 U.S. capability: two simultaneous medium-sized wars

 All-volunteer military

 2012 restructuring of the military

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17-12

The Military Dimension of

National Security Policy  Military power, uses, and capabilities

 Unconventional (guerrilla) war

 Unconventional attacks and tactics

 “Winning their hearts and minds”

 U.S. military struggles to adapt

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17-13

The Military Dimension of

National Security Policy  Military power, uses, and capabilities

 Transnational terrorism

 U.S. not prepared: too few linguists

 War on terrorism aimed at groups versus nations

 Lack of defined battlefronts

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17-14

The Military Dimension of

National Security Policy  The politics of national defense

 Public opinion

 Generally supportive

 Wanes if military conflict extends for long period

 The military-industrial complex

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17-15

The Economic Dimension of

National Security Policy  Three world economic centers

 United States, Europe, Pacific Rim

 Promoting global trade

 Marshall Plan

 Multinational corporations

 Economic globalization

 Free trade and protectionism

 Trade imbalance and China

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17-16© 2013, McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved.

17-17© 2013, McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved.

17-18

The Economic Dimension of

National Security Policy  Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources

 Middle East and the Gulf War

 Assisting developing nations

 IMF and World Bank

 Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S.

 Stabilizing the global economy

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17-19© 2013, McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved.